I would like to help you with your vocabulary.

我要幫助你們增進你們的字彙能力

I'm sure that you've looked at engVid and seen many lessons on vocabulary, from drinking,

我相信你們在engVid上已經看過很多跟字彙相關的課程了，像是飲料

vacationing, weddings, all sorts of things.

假期、婚禮等各式各樣的東西

But when you finish the video, how much do you remember?

但是當你看完影片教學後，能記住多少呢

And how much do you really understand?

又真正了解了多少呢？

I'm going to teach you today something I call the...

我今天要教你們的是一種我稱之為...

A word web to help you not just remember the words, but truly understand them,

單字網的東西來幫助你們不只能記住單字，而且可以真正的了解單字

and expand or go bigger than that.

並且延伸或擴大它

I did a lesson earlier on mind maps where I kind of introduced the idea of mind map,

我之前有上過一個關於心智圖的課程，大概教了大家心智圖的概念

but I didn't really...

但是並沒有真正的...

I don't think I got into it as much that would actually show you how to use it so that you can get better with it.

我並沒有深入介紹，讓大家了解使用它的正確方法來好好發揮它的功能

So, I'm going to fix that today.

所以我今天要來修正這一點

All right?

可以嗎？

So what we're looking at is called a word web.

我們現在看到的就是單字網

And if you notice, poor Mr. E is caught up in the web.

如果你注意到，可憐的E先生被網子逮住了

Nooooo!

不......

And I'm going to do the same with you.

我現在要對你做一樣的事情

I'm going to get you...

我要抓住你

Because this is a spider, and the spider lives in a web, it catches things,

這是一隻蜘蛛，而蜘蛛住在網子裡，網子則網住東西

and those things can never escape.

而且網子裡的東西沒辦法逃走

I want to do that with your memory and your vocabulary,

我想要讓你的記憶和單字像這樣被網住

teach you in a way that you're going to catch the words and you won't forget.

讓你有辦法可以了解單字而且永遠忘不掉

Okay?

好嗎？

So I'm going to explain the method here.

我準備開始解釋這個方法了

So we're going to be clear on the method, then we're going to take a word and use it,

我們會解釋這個方法，然後找一個單字來驗證這個方法

and show you how it works.

好讓你了解它是如何運作的

Ready? Let's go to the board.

準備好了嗎？現在看到白板上

All right, so, word web.

這是單字網

This is a specific form of mind map which means it's one type.

這正是心智圖的一種形式

There are many types.

心智圖可以有許多的形式

Okay?

知道了嗎？

And what they... What they do is they're based on the idea that your brain works a certain way with pictures and colours.

它們的...它們之所以發揮功效是根據你腦袋中處理圖像與顏色的機制

So, why don't we use these to help you?

那麼，為什麼這可以幫助你呢

And I'm going to do that now.

我現在做給你看

What you will need, you will need a ax...

你需要甚麼呢?你將會需要一個....

You will need an English to English dictionary.

你會需要一本英英字典

If you really need to get, you know, your language to English, that's fine if you really need it,

如果你真的需要，你知道，你的母語到英語的字典，也沒關係，如果你真的需要的話

but English to English dictionary will be preferable

但是英英字典比較理想

because we want to get the definition of the word from an English source, not a translated source.

因為我們要的是單字的英文解釋，而不是翻譯過的

Okay?

可以嗎？

So maybe we should start with your translating dictionary,

或許我們可以從你的母語字典開始

and then after take the English word and get an English to English.

然後再去找那個英文單字的英文解釋

The translating dictionary will help you understand the ideas, and then the English to English.

你的母語字典可以讓你先了解基本字義，然後再看英英解釋

And sometimes you might notice they don't exactly say the same thing.

有些時候你會發現兩者的解釋並不完全一致

That'll be interesting for you.

這正是有趣的地方

Next, you're going to need access to the internet or an idioms dictionary.

接著，你必須要可以上網或找一本俚語字典

The idioms dictionary will be for later on, and they have them and you can even go online and look for idioms.

俚語字典是為了等一下準備的，你也可以上網去找相關的俚語

But the joke of it is I said access to the internet.

這裡的笑點是我說要可以上網

Well, my friend, if you're not on the internet, you're not watching this video,

各位，如果你們不能上網，你有怎麼可以看到這段影片

so I'm assuming you've got access to the internet.

所以我就先假設你們是有網路的

Okay.

好

The next four steps will be this: We're going to take a word...

接下來的4個步驟是，我們要找一個字

So, we're going to take one word, whatever the word is,

我們來找一個字，不管是甚麼字

we're going to write out the definition from the dictionary.

我們寫下字典上的解釋

What the dictionary says, not what you think, not an interpretation

是字典上的，不是你自己以為的意思或解讀

or somebody giving you sort of their idea of it.

或是某人告訴你的想法

From that, we're going to follow... Okay?

我們要看字典上的解釋

We're going to write out the words you think of when you see this word.

我們要寫出當你看到這個字時所聯想到的其他單字

This is called association.

這叫做關聯性

I think: "Cat", I say: "Dog".

我想到貓，我說狗

You say: "Milk", I say: "Cow".

你說牛奶，我說牛

I associate.

我進行了聯想

This is the words that come to me.

這些是進到我腦子的字

I want you to do that because that is part of a natural human process.

我要你這麼做是因為這是人類的自然的反應過程

You think of something, you think of something else.

你會想到一些事，然後又想到其他一些事

You think of: "Mother", you think: "Love".

你想到媽媽，你想到愛

You think: "Money", "McDonald's"?

你想到錢，然後想到... 麥當勞？

Probably not.

好吧，可能不會

But you get the idea. Okay?

不過你懂我的意思？

So we're going to start with the dictionary definition,

所以我們從字典上的定義開始

then we're going to work with how your brain works.

然後隨著你腦袋的運作方式

I want to have your mind incorporated or use your way of thinking in this.

我要你們讓腦袋更有組織的運作或是用你的方法來思考

So you're going to put down your words.

所以寫下你想到的字

So if it was: "Cow", you might put: "Milk, cheese, and steak".

如果這個字是牛，你可能會寫上牛奶，起司和牛排

Mmm, steak.

嗯嗯，牛排

Then we're going to go out...

然後我們要...

back to our dictionary, we're going to look for synonyms.

回到字典上，我們要來找同義字

If you open any dictionary usually it will say: "This is the word",

如果你打開一本字典，通常有單字

and then it will have after it: "Here's a synonym for this word.

然後有這個單字的同義字

Here's another one."

還有一些其他的單字

Synonyms, you know, words that are similar.

同義的，你知道，意思相似的其他單字

For instance, height and tall.

像是，名詞的高度和形容詞的高

How tall is the building?

那棟建築物有多高？

What is the building's height?

那棟建築物的高度是？

They're not exactly the same, but they can be used in a similar or same fashion sometimes.

它們並不是完全一樣，但是它們的用法接近或可以表達相似的意思

Okay?

了解嗎？

We also look for antonyms.

我們也要找反義字

Antonyms are the opposite of the word.

反義字是相反的字

If I say: "Black", you say: "White".

如果我說黑色，你說白色

Right?

對吧？

If you say: "Hot", you say: "Cold".

如果你說熱，又說冷

Those are antonyms.

那就是反義

So we're going to go to that dictionary, we're going to have the word, we're going to have

所以我們要查字典，找到你想查的單字，我們要找出

your ideas about the word, and then we're going to add in the synonyms and antonyms.

你對這個字的想法，然後加上同義字和反義字

Okay?

可以嗎？

So if you're looking here, we started off with one word and we're probably up to like 10 or 15.

如果你正在看，我們從一個字開始，然後我們衍伸了10或15個字

Finally, we're going to go to our idioms dictionary, or we're going to go on the net and you're

最後，到了俚語字典，或是上網，你要在網路上

going to put in: "Idioms for, you know, 'Cow' or 'animal'", and it'll put those things up

打上「跟牛或動物有關的俚語」，然後這些東西會出現

there for you and you just write them out.

你把它們寫出來

How does this go together?

這些要怎麼合在一起

We look at a lot of words, we put a lot of stuff down, but you don't see the full picture.

我們看到了很多字，放進了很多東西，但是你還沒有看到全貌

We're going to get to why in just a second when we look at why.

我們馬上就要談到原因了

So if you're ready, we're going to right now take one word and we're going to make our

所以，如果你準備好了，我們現在來找個字並且做出我們的

first word web, and I'll show you how it all works together.

第一個單字網絡，然後我要讓你知道這一切怎麼放到一起發揮效用

Ready?

準備好了嗎？

Let's go.

來吧

[Snaps]

〔彈指〕

So, let's do a word web.

我們來做單字網絡吧

We've talked about it, I gave you the steps.

我們討論過了，我告訴過你步驟了

So, we're going to do this together.

現在我們一起來做

You notice here I have the steps, so as I go through each step, I'll show you how we

你注意到這裡有步驟，所以當我一步步做的同時，我會讓你知道怎麼做

do it and how we come up to this.

並且如何發展到這

And I'll explain to you how this thing here, which seems crazy, will actually help you

我會解釋這些東西，好像有點瘋狂但真的可以幫助你

not only remember the words but understand the list, because I will give you a list of

不只記住單字並且了解這個清單，因為我會給你一個清單上面列了

idioms or phrases, and you'll understand some of them almost immediately.

俚語或片語，而且有些是你馬上就可以理解的

Okay?

可以嗎？

So, let's go to the board.

所以，讓我們看到白板上

First thing we have to do, as I said, is write out the dictionary definition.

第一件我們要做的是，就向我說的，寫下字典上的定義

If you have a problem with the word...

如果你對這個字有疑問

The word we're going to use is "shoot".

我們要用的字是「shoot」

I'm going to suggest this, although I don't like suggesting it: Go to your whatever language

我建議用這個字，雖然我不想建議你去查你的語言

to English, so if it's Spanish to English, Russian to English, Japanese to English dictionary,

對這個英文字的解釋，如果是西班牙文、俄文到英文，日文到英文的字典

check out what the word means, make sure you understand it, because this is something we

查一下這個字的意思，確定你了解了，因為我們確實

do need to understand.

必須認識它

We're not just guess at it. Okay?

我們不能只是猜，好嗎？

Make sure you understand it, but then take out your English to English dictionary, and

確定你知道這個字，然後拿出英英字典，把

you need to write out the definition.

英文的解釋寫下來

What does that dictionary say this word is?

字典怎麼說個字的

In this case, the word is a verb: "to shoot".

在這個例子中，這個字是動詞，射擊

And you might say: "What does 'shoot' mean?"

你可能會問射擊表示甚麼

Okay, well, according to the dictionary, it means "to kill", which means end the life of something,

好，根據字典的解釋是「殺害」也就是結束甚麼東西的生命的意思

or to hurt, cause pain.

或是傷害，造成疼痛

When I do this, ow. Painful.

當我這樣做，哦，痛

It hurts me.

這傷害了我

Okay?

可以嗎？

Move suddenly in a direction.

向一個方向快速移動

So if I'm walking like this and then I change quickly and run, you say:

所以如果我像這樣走然後突然變成快跑，你會說

"James is shooting out. He's shooting."

「James像子彈一樣衝出去了，他跑得超快」

When you watch the Olympics, the guys are like this, they run,

當你在看奧運比賽，那些傢伙就像這樣，他們在賽跑

and then they start running very quickly. They shoot.

他們跑得非常快，他們跑得像子彈一樣飛快

If they walk, you're not shooting.

如果他們在走路，就不能用這個字了

You have to move quickly in one direction.

你必須向一個方向快速的移動

And third, here's a flower, but before the flower comes out of the ground, the flower

第三步，這有一朵花，不過在花冒出土壤之前，花是

is down here.

在這下面

Next what happens is the flower comes out like this.

然後像這樣冒出來

There's no flower yet.

現在還沒有花喔

We call that "a shoot".

我們叫這個「發芽」

Once again, it's coming up in a direction, a specific direction.

再來，這是從一個方向跑出來的，特定的方向

Later on you'll get a flower.

然後你才看到一朵花

All right?

可以嗎？

But that's called "a shoot". And you say: "What is that?"

而這叫做「發芽」，你問：「這是甚麼？」

That's a shoot for a rose.

這是玫瑰的嫩枝

Okay?

可以嗎？

Then you get your rose.

然後長成玫瑰花

So, it says: "Young branch of a plant".

所以，這是植物的嫩枝枒

Will you need all of these definitions all of the time?

你需要一次就學會這些定義嗎？

No.

不用

But it's important you get the majority of them because a lot of our understanding, we

但是知道其中的大部分是很重要的，這跟我們的認知有關，我們

know what these mean, so when somebody uses a phrase or an idiom, our brain goes:

知道了這些意思之後當有人用了一個片語或俚語，我們的腦袋會告訴我們

"Ah, dah-dah-dah-dah.

「啊！噠-噠-噠

Number two", or: "Dah-dah-dah-dah.

第二種」或者「啊！噠-噠-噠

Number seven", and we automatically understand.

第七種」然後我們自然就了解了

While when you're doing it, you might say: "Oh my gosh, I don't understand.

當你這樣做的時候，你可能會覺得：「哦，天啊，我搞不懂」

It's just crazy.

這太瘋狂了

What do you mean, 'shoot in my foot' or 'shoot for the skies', or 'what are you aiming for'?

你到底什麼意思啊，「射了我的腳」或是「射向天空」或是「你瞄準甚麼？」

Why you say these things?'"

「你為什要說這些？」

And we're like: "Oh yeah, you don't know all of the definitions."

我們就會像這樣：「哦，你不懂這些意義」

So, we've written out our dictionary definition, which was number one, and the definition is here.

所以我們寫下字典上的定義，就像第一個步驟，在這裡

Number two, write out the words you associate with it.

第二步，寫下你聯想到的其他相關字

Now, I've got a complete diagram here.

現在，這裡有一個我完成的圖

You may not, so you might say...

你可能沒有，所以你可能會說

Right off, you might go: "Gun", and you'll write the word "gun", because you know gun,

馬上，你會]想到「槍」，然後寫下「槍」，因為你知道槍

you go: "Shoot. Gun. I know 'gun'."

你說，射擊，槍，我知道「槍」

I know another one you know.

我想你還知道一些別的

We say: "Bow and arrow".

像是「弓和箭」

When you take it, everybody knows this, and fire.

當你有了這些，每個人也都知道，還有開火

Well, there are two parts to this.

這有兩個部分

This part is the bow.

這是弓

The part that fire is the arrow.

射出去的是箭

So you might write: "Arrow", and you might write: "Bow".

所以你可以寫「箭」，然後是「弓」

Now, there are bigger words for this.

還有一些比較難的字

Remember we talked about synonyms.

記得我們討論過同義字

Well, ammunition...

像是彈藥

Or, okay, let's talk "weapon" first.

或是，好，讓我們先談談「武器」

"Weapon" is the gun or the bow.

「武器」指的是槍或弓

It is the thing that fires something or shoots.

這是用來開火或射擊的東西

See? We're going to use the word.

看到了嗎？我們來用一下這個字

You have the gun, you shoot something.

你有槍，你射擊

And what do you shoot?

你射擊出去的是甚麼？

You shoot a bullet.

是子彈

This comes out of a gun.

子彈從槍裡面出來

So, you shoot bullets from guns.

所以你從槍裡面射出子彈

Okay?

了解嗎？

Bow and arrows.

弓和箭

You have a bow.

你有一張弓

It looks like a really big "D" actually.

看起來真像大寫的「D」

It's kind of funny, when you do a bow, it looks like a "D", and you shoot arrows. Okay?

這有點好玩吧，當你做一張弓，看起來就像個大寫「D」，然後你射箭，對吧？

So you shoot arrows from bows.

所以你用弓把箭射出去

Okay?

了解嗎？

That's called "ammunition".

這就是所謂的「彈藥」

A "blank" is funny.

「空格」很有趣

What do you mean: "Blank"?

「空格」是甚麼意思

When you do a test, sometimes it says: "Mr. E __________ goes home."

當你考試時，有時候題目是：木_______先生回家

You'll notice that there's nothing there.

你會發現格子上沒有字

A blank, when you fire a blank or shoot a blank, there's nothing there.

一個空格，當你射出一個空格表示沒有射出任何東西

If I shoot you with a blank, then I: "Bang", you'll go: "Nothing happened?" and I go: "Yeah,

如果我對妳射了一個空格，我說：「碰！」你會說：「甚麼事都沒發生啊？」我就說：「對啊

it's a blank."

就是一個空包彈」

There's nothing there.

甚麼都沒有

It just makes sound.

只是發出聲音

Okay?

可以嗎？

So when you have ammunition, you can have blanks.

所以你的彈藥可以是個空包彈

In the army and the police when they practice, they practice with blanks.

當軍隊和警察練習射擊時，他們就用空包彈

They don't want to shoot each other and kill anyone, they just want to practice shooting,

他們並不打算殺死彼此，只是練習射擊而已

where to shoot, how to shoot.

射哪裡、怎麼射

If you have a gun, you need bullets.

如果你有槍，你需要子彈

If you have a bow, you need an arrow.

如果你有弓，你需要箭

That's your ammunition.

那是你的彈藥

You know something else that can be ammunition?

你知道還有甚麼可以當作彈藥嗎？

It's a surprise, but when you think about it you'll understand.

驚訝吧，但只要想一下你就能理解了