Name: 【TED】丹‧艾瑞利：是什麼讓我們喜歡自己的工作? (What makes us feel good about our work? | Dan Ariely)
Uploaded: 2013-06-01T08:51:49.000Z
Duration: 20 min 27 s

to 不定詞

當談到人們是怎麼工作的時候，

is that people are like rats in a maze --

人們就有如迷宮中的老鼠一樣 --

就可以隨意地命令他們這樣做，

This is why we give bonuses to bankers and pay in all kinds of ways.

這就是為什麼我們會給銀行家紅利和各種補貼。

And we really have this incredibly simplistic view

我們對於人們工作的原因和勞工市場

of why people work and what the labor market looks like.

與此同時，如果你想想看，你就會發現

there's all kinds of strange behaviors in the world around us.

其實我們身邊充滿著千古百怪的行為。

Think about something like mountaineering and mountain climbing.

If you read books of people who climb mountains, difficult mountains,

當你閱讀克服高山的登山者傳記時，

do you think that those books are full of moments of joy and happiness?

你認為書中充滿喜悅和快樂的時刻嗎?

In fact, it's all about frostbite and difficulty to walk

And if people were just trying to be happy,

they would say, "This was a terrible mistake.

他們會說：「這真是個可怕的錯誤。

我打死也不會再做這種事了。」

"Instead, let me sit on a beach somewhere drinking mojitos."

「還是讓我坐在沙灘上享用莫吉托(雞尾酒) 吧。」

and after they recover, they go up again.

體力一旦恢復，他們又會再度出發。

And if you think about mountain climbing as an example,

It suggests that we care about reaching the end, a peak.

它說明了我們是在乎能否抵達終點，直到巔峰。

It suggests that we care about the fight, about the challenge.

也說明我們在乎過程中的堅持與挑戰。

It suggests that there's all kinds of other things

它意味著世上還有許多事物可以

that motivate us to work or behave in all kinds of ways.

促使我們在各領域上努力工作或表現。

And for me personally, I started thinking about this

對我來說，我是在一位學生來探望我之後

This was a student that was one of my students a few years earlier.

He said that for more than two weeks, he was working on a PowerPoint presentation.

他說他為了一份簡報忙了兩個多禮拜。

This was in preparation for a merger and acquisition.

這份簡報是為公司的併購計劃而準備的。

And he was working very hard on this presentation --

他也盡心盡力地去做這份簡報--

he sent his PowerPoint presentation to his boss,

他把這份簡報寄給了他的老闆，

"Nice presentation, but the merger is canceled."

「這份簡報做得還不錯，但合併計劃已經取消了。」

每個晚上他都很享受著這份工作，

he was staying late, he was perfecting this PowerPoint presentation.

享受著熬夜，也享受著把簡報完美化。

But knowing that nobody would ever watch that made him quite depressed.

可是得知沒有人會看到這份簡報之後，他大受打擊。

So I started thinking about how do we experiment

所以我才開始思考我們該如何實驗

with this idea of the fruits of our labor.

And to start with, we created a little experiment

一開始，我們設計了一個小實驗。

in which we gave people Legos, and we asked them to build with Legos.

實驗中，我們把樂高給實驗對象並要求他們堆出東西。

And for some people, we gave them Legos and we said,

其中一部份的人，在我們給他們樂高之後，我們就跟他說，

"Hey, would you like to build this Bionicle for three dollars?

「你願不願組出一個價值 $3.00 的 ”生化戰士” (Bionicle)?」

And people said yes, and they built with these Legos.

他們答應之後便用樂高組出 ”生化戰士”。

And when they finished, we took it, we put it under the table,

完成之後，我們把成品拿走並將它放置在桌下，

and we said, "Would you like to build another one, this time for $2.70?"

然後再問：「你願不願意再組一個? 這次價格為 $2.70。」

If they said yes, we gave them another one.

如果他們答應，我們再給他們另一組樂高。

他們完成之後，我們又問他們，

"Do you want to build another one?" for $2.40, $2.10, and so on,

「你想不想再組一個?」價格為 $2.40, 為$2.10… 以此類推，

until at some point people said, "No more. It's not worth it for me."

直到他們說，「這根本划不來，我不做了。」

This was what we called the meaningful condition.

這就是我們稱為有意義的狀況。

實驗對象堆出一個又一個 ”生化戰士”。

After they finished every one of them, we put them under the table.

當他們全部都完成之後，我們就把成品放在桌下

And we told them that at the end of the experiment,

we will take all these Bionicles, we will disassemble them,

我們會回收並拆解所有的 ”生化戰士”，

we will put them back in the boxes, and we will use it for the next participant.

我們會把它們放回箱子給下一個對象使用。

This other condition was inspired by David, my student.

這個情形是從我的學生，大衛，身上所得到的靈感。

And this other condition we called the Sisyphic condition.

And if you remember the story about Sisyphus,

Sisyphus was punished by the gods to push the same rock up a hill,

西西弗斯受到上帝的懲罰並要他把一塊特定的巨石推上山頂，

the rock would roll over, and he would have to start again.

這塊巨石就會滾下山，那他就得再來一次。

And you can think about this as the essence of doing futile work.

你可以把這當作是徒勞的本質。

You can imagine that if he pushed the rock on different hills,

你可以想像如果他把石塊推往其他的山，

at least he would have some sense of progress.

還有，如果你看過以監獄為題材的電影

sometimes the way that the guards torture the prisoners

那你就會發現有時候獄警虐待犯人的方法

and when the prisoner is finished, they ask him to fill the hole back up and then dig again.

當犯人挖完以後，獄警們就會讓他把洞給補滿然後再重挖。

There's something about this cyclical version

of doing something over and over and over

一而再地重復做某一件事的行為之中

that seems to be particularly demotivating.

彷彿有些什麼東西是特別讓人消極的。

So in the second condition of this experiment, that's exactly what we did.

所以我們就在第二個情形的實驗當中這麼做。

We asked people, "Would you like to build one Bionicle for three dollars?"

我們問實驗對象，「你想不想堆出一個價值為 $3.00 的 "生化戰士"?」

如果他們說好，那他們就會去堆一個出來。

Then we asked them, "Do you want to build another one for $2.70?"

之後我們再問他們，「你想不想為$2.70再造一個? 」

And if they said yes, we gave them a new one,

如果他們說好，那我們就會給他們一個新的 "生化戰士"。

we took apart the one that they just finished.

我們就會把他們前一個成品給拆了。

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【TED】丹‧艾瑞利：是什麼讓我們喜歡自己的工作? (What makes us feel good about our work? | Dan Ariely)

incredibly

eliminate

effort

basically