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  • Another distinct way we can remember information is through Schemas. We can

    另一種可以讓我們記住資訊的方法是藉由圖式。我們可以

  • define Schemas as a mental framework that develops from our experiences with

    定義圖式為一種思想的結構,是由我們與

  • particular people, objects or events. That is you can think of schemas

    特定的人事物發展而來的。換句話說,你可以視圖式為

  • as framework for representing some aspects of the world. That tells us how

    呈現對世界某方面看法的組織架構。這告訴我們

  • people, objects or events are most likely to look like or act like. Schemas

    人事物大致上看起來如何。圖式

  • influence our attention, and the absorption of new knowledge. In fact, we're

    影響我們對新知識的注意力及吸收。事實上,

  • more likely to notice things that fit into our schema once we have a schema

    一旦我們建構了一個圖式,我們比較會注意到符合我們圖式的事情

  • formed. So they help us to understand and organize experiences. They can also

    因此它們可以幫助我們理解並組織經驗。它們也

  • aid in our memory and recall. However, it's important to note that schemas have

    有助於我們的記憶與回想。然而,必須注意到這圖式是

  • a tendency to remain unchanged. Even if we're presented with new information

    傾向維持不變的。儘管我們會接收到與我們自己圖式

  • that contradicts our schema. Let's say you have a schema of a college

    相牴觸的新資訊。假設你對大學教授有個圖式,

  • professor, that is, you have a conceptual idea of what a professor looks like.

    也就是說,你對教授看起來應該如何有個既定的概念

  • Perhaps if they're a man or a woman, how old they are. How tall they are or how

    也許是性別、年齡、身高或

  • they dress. So, it may be that someone's schema for a professor is that they're

    衣著。因此,也許在某個人的圖式中,教授年紀

  • old. They wear sports jackets with patches in the elbows, they have glasses,

    大、穿手肘有補釘的運動外套、戴副眼鏡、

  • they carry a briefcase, they're male and other identifying features of a

    提著公事包,男的,以及其他明顯的特徵

  • professor. So, if that's a person's schema for a professor, research shows that

    因此,如果這是一個人對教授的圖式,研究顯示

  • if he or she is presented with new information that is contradictory of that

    如果他或她遇到與這圖式矛盾的情形

  • schema. For example, if being a young woman who dresses rather casually,

    舉例來說,如果一位年輕女性穿著隨性、

  • carrying a back pack rather than a brief case and so on. The person with the

    背著背包而不是公事包等等。這個已經有既定圖式的人

  • developed schema will be less likely to remember the female professor. So

    會比較不記得這位女教授。因此

  • schemas can aid in our ability to remember, but they also bias our memory and

    圖式可以幫助我們記憶的能力,但它們同時也會使我們的記憶和

  • our perception.

    認知產生偏見

Another distinct way we can remember information is through Schemas. We can

另一種可以讓我們記住資訊的方法是藉由圖式。我們可以

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