More than 4,200 individuals have thrown out their US Passport, and while many did so in

也就是說約莫4200人以上拋棄美國護照，主要原因是

order to avoid paying taxes in the US, others who hoped to gain nationality elsewhere may

為了規避納稅給美國政府，其餘則是為了想取得他國國籍

have been forced to dump their American citizenship.

故需先拋棄美國國籍

That’s because a large number of countries actually don’t allow their citizens to hold dual citizenship,

因為有很多國家不允許人民持雙重國籍

so what are some of those countries?

所以到底有哪些國家不允許雙重國籍呢？

Well, to clarify, a country cannot actually prevent you from holding citizenship elsewhere.

一開始，要先澄清，其實一個國家應該會避免人民擁有雙重國籍

Citizenship is basically a contract between you and a country’s government

因為國籍代表你和國家政府之間的契約關係

that allocates specific rights, duties and benefits on both sides. Another government can’t just cancel that contract.

契約含有雙方特定權力、義務、利益，其他國家政府不得取消你與原國家政府間的契約

But what they can do is keep you from gaining citizenship within their own country,

其他國家政府只能主張不能取得它們的國籍

or strip you of it if you try to gain citizenship elsewhere.

或是如果你又試圖取得另外國家國籍，國家政府可以取消你在該國的國籍

Technically, a person can have as many citizenships as they can legally maneuver: someone can

嚴格來說，一個人是可以合法取得多國國籍的：假設這個人在A國出生

be born in one country, to parents from another country, marry someone from a third country,

父母卻屬於B國人，他/她之後又和C國人結婚

establish residency in a fourth country, while buying citizenship in a fifth, thereby potentially

兩人定居在D國，並買下E國國籍(譯註：有些國家可用投資移民方式買國籍)

holding five citizenships at once.

於是此人就同時擁有五國國籍

But some countries are not comfortable with their citizens pledging allegiance to a foreign government.

然而，有些國家並不喜歡國民效忠宣誓於外國政府

Among advanced economies, the most notable states which significantly limit dual citizenship for foreign nationals are

和其他已開發經濟體/國家相比，以限制雙重國籍聞名的國家有：

Austria, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, and Spain.

奧地利、德國、荷蘭、挪威、新加坡與西班牙

Note, however, that this list is incomplete and countries regularly change their nationality policies.

需要特別注意的是，以上所列並非所有限制雙重國籍的所有國家，因為國家定期會改變國籍政策

In Japan, a person can technically hold dual citizenship until the age of 22,

以現在的日本來說，一個人在22歲前可以保有雙重國籍

after which point they must choose to drop their other nationality,

而在22歲後，就必須放棄他國國籍

or they are automatically disqualified from holding Japanese citizenship.

否則該人就必須自動放棄所持有的日本國籍

Norway, on the other hand, allows more leeway, and if you’re born to Norwegian parents

另一方面，挪威政府在國籍限制比日本寬鬆，如果你的雙親都是挪威人

but in a different country that guarantees citizenship by birth,

但你並非在挪威當地出生，因此有出生地的國籍

you don’t actually have to abandon it. You’re also allowed dual citizenship if releasing from your other

你不用拋棄出生地之國籍。同時，你也允許持有雙重國籍，若放棄他國

nationality is “unreasonably burdensome”. But in general, they don’t allow it.

國籍的程序繁複得不合理。一般情況下，這些國家都不會允許人民持有雙重國籍

Other countries only prohibit dual citizenship to certain other countries. Pakistan, for

其他國家只會限制與特定國家間的雙重國籍存在。舉例來說，巴基斯坦

example, only allows dual citizenship with 18 countries. Additionally, more than a dozen,

只允許人民有其他指定18國的雙重國籍身分。此外，有十多個以上的國家

mostly Middle Eastern countries refuse admission at all to those holding Israeli passports,

多數是中東國家，拒絕承認以色列雙重國籍

making dual citizenship nearly impossible for Israelis. Some countries will refuse entry if you’ve even visited Israel once.

也導致以色列人民不易取得雙重國籍。如果你曾經到過以色列，有些國家甚至不讓你入該國國境

But while some of these countries will strip you of your citizenship, and others won’t even allow you into the country,

除了這些國家會剝奪你的國籍或是限制你入境

most nations banning dual citizenship are more apt to turn a blind eye to your second nationality.

多數國家對雙重國籍傾向「睜一隻眼，閉一隻眼」

For example, Russia doesn’t actually prohibit dual citizenships,

以俄羅斯為例，俄國並未禁止人民持雙重國籍

but it also does not recognize them. If you have a Russian passport, you

但俄國政府也不會承認你的他國國籍。如果你有俄國護照

are solely a Russian citizen, and you cannot legally use your other country’s passport within Russian borders.

你就只能是俄國人民，只要在俄國境內，他國國籍完全無效

Moreover, if you do have dual citizenship, you are not legally

此外，假如你有雙重國籍，你不能合法

allowed to conceal the fact.

允許掩蓋這個事實

Dual citizenship is a complicated topic, and isn’t as simple as just allowing it or not.

雙重國籍是個複雜的議題，也不僅涉及允許與否的討論而已

Some sources list the total number of countries that don’t allow dual citizenship at more than sixty,

有些網站來源列出所有不允許雙重國籍的國家，高達60國以上

which would comprise roughly one in three countries. But for the most part,

相當於每三個國家，就有一個不允許。但大多數來說，

having multiple citizenships usually means that those countries can collect taxes from you,

持有多國國籍通常代表這些國家都可以向你徵稅

and for Americans that includes foreign income as well. So without any particular

對美國人而言，稅的課徵內容也包含他們從其他國家賺來的收入。所以無論任何特定

political, religious, or ideological reasons for denying dual citizenship, it’s usually

政治、宗教、意識形態等因素禁止雙重國籍存在，通常都是為

in both parties best interests to allow it.

兩國共同的最大利益考量，才會允許國人持有雙重國籍

One way you can lose your citizenship in some countries is by trying to gain dual citizenship.

有個方法可以讓你失去某些國家的原本國籍，就是試圖取得他國國籍

But what are some other ways you can be stripped of your nationality?

但還有沒有其他方法可以拋棄你的國籍呢？

Find out by watching this video.

點閱畫面上這個影片，你就會知道了