Actually, I'm hoping that after this talk,

我希望在這個演講後

90% of this audience will want to become more of an unreasonable person.

有90%的聽眾，都想讓自己成為非理性的人

I can see some of you frowning here in the first row,

我看到，第一排有人在皺眉頭了

which is understandable,

我能理解

because we were raised in the Western culture,

因為我們在西方的文化長大

and especially us Dutchies, to become reasonable people.

特別是像我們荷蘭人，總是試著做個理性的人

Reason gives us better careers, better lives.

理性，讓我們擁有更好的工作、更好的生活

I'm hoping to make you more unreasonable.

但是，我卻希望你們不要這麼理性

So what is unreasonable?

成為非理性的人，到底是什麼意思呢？

I have a slide and we don't need to read this all,

這頁簡報，不用全部讀完

but it means irrational, not having the faculty of reason.

它說，非理性就是：無法說明原因

I got this from the free Wikipedia online.

我從維基百科上找到的

I found other synonyms like silly, senseless, foolish.

還找到了一些像是沒腦的、無目標的、呆呆的等同義詞

So I'm not convincing you to be unreasonable yet, I realize,

我似乎還沒說服你，要當一個非理性的人

but the reason I think it's important

我想需要充分的「理由」去說服你們吧

I'm going to show you with this next quote by George Bernard Shaw,

我想跟大家分享蕭伯納說的：

"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world;

「理性的人，讓自己適應這個世界；

the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.

非理性的人，讓這個世界順應自己。」

Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man."

因此，所有的進展，都仰賴於非理性的人

George Bernard Shaw believed

蕭伯納認為

that the only way to create progress is to be unreasonable.

讓我們不斷進步的方法只有一個：當個非理性的人

If we want to move forward in this world, create a just and sustainable society,

如果你想要創造一個更公平且永續的社會

we need people that are willing to break through the status quo,

我們需要那些勇於改變現狀的人

and I fully support his view.

我完全認同

The first man on the Moon,

第一個登上月球的人

the people who thought about that were deemed totally unreasonable.

那個大家認為不太理性的人

The first people that wanted to create the Internet were deemed unreasonable.

第一個創造網際網路的人，也被認為是很不理性的

Most innovation comes from unreasonable people.

大部分的發明，都來自這些非理性的人

And personally, on a very small scale,

有時候

I was called unreasonable when I started WarChild.

當我創辦「戰火兒童」時，我也被認為是「非理性的人」

People felt that I was a 24-year-old girl when I started,

大家會想：一個24歲的小女生

I had no knowledge of war zones

沒去過戰爭國家

and no knowledge of aid organizations or psycho-social projects,

對於援助組織與社會心理專案一竅不通，怎麼可能？

so where would I find the funds?

那麼我是如何找到資金的呢？

Today WarChild supports a million children each year, in 13 war-torn countries.

現在，戰火兒童每年 ，已經幫助了在13個戰區的百萬名兒童

So I have found--

我發現

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)

For me it's obvious that unreasonable dreams can come true,

很顯然地，那些被認為是非理性的夢想，也有可能變成現實

and that they can create progress.

它們可以帶來進步

One of my unreasonable heroes is Muhammad Yunus,

穆罕默德·尤納斯是我非常尊敬的，非理性的英雄

some of you will know him.

有些人知道他吧

His very unreasonable idea was that you could provide unsecured loans

他有一個瘋狂的想法：認為世界上最窮困的人們(通常是女性)

to the poorest people in the world, namely women.

能不提供擔保就獲得小額借貸

Totally contrary to any banking system.

跟我們認知的銀行體系完全相反

It took him 17 years

他花了17年

to prove that you could build a business and provide loans to these poor people,

證明這個向窮困人們提供貸款的商業模式，是可行的

but today his model is copied all over the world and it's called Microfinance.

但其實他的模式不過運用了廣為人知的微型金融

His own social enterprise Grameen has already provided

他創立的孟加拉鄉村銀行

five billion dollars to five million people

已經為五百萬的人，提供了500億(美金)的資金

helping them, giving them the chance to free themselves from the poverty trap.

給他們機會，幫助他們脫離貧困陷阱

That is progress.

那就是進步

So I believe there is a strong correlation between unreasonable people and progress,

所以我相信，當個不理性的人 ，跟帶來進步本身，有很大的關聯

especially if it is combined with entrepreneurship,

當它與企業精神結合時，更能夠發揮更強大的力量

with social entrepreneurship.

成為社會企業

Why do we need progress?

我們為什麼需要進步呢？

To me that's very obvious, but I will touch on it

對我而言，理由非常明顯，但我稍後會詳細地說明

because I think it's important.

因為，我認為他們非常重要

The last 40 years we've had growth, we've had huge accumulation of wealth,

在過去的40年，我們迅速地成長，累積了大量財富

but we haven't really been able to solve

但是，我們仍然無法解決

any of the major challenges our world is faced with.

這世界正面臨的許多挑戰

I can just name a few.

舉個例子

We're depleting our natural resources and raw materials

我們以空前絕後地速度

at a totally unprecedented pace.

正將自然資源及原料消耗至盡

There's 25 million people in Africa that have HIV/AIDS.

現在，仍有2500萬的非洲人，患有愛滋病

A million of them die every year.

每年，他們有百萬人死於這個疾病

We have one billion children growing up in poverty.

我們有將近10億的小孩，在貧困的環境下生活

There's two billion kids in the world, so every second child grows up in poverty.

世界上有將近20億的兒童，因此，每一秒，都有兒童誕生在貧困中

In 80% of the countries the divide between rich and poor is growing

一份樂施會的報告指出：在80%的國家

and Oxfam just published a report

貧富差距越來越大

where they claim the 85 richest people in this world own more wealth

他們指出，世界上最有錢的85個人

than the three and a half billion poorest, which is half of the world's population.

擁有的，遠遠超過35億人(世界上一半人口) 所有財產的總和

Just think about it.

試想一下

Poverty is closer than we think because in the Netherlands,

貧窮其實與我們密切相關，特別是在荷蘭

we have one million people living below the poverty line.

我們有一百萬人每天生活在貧窮線下

Another two million people are lonely

有兩百萬人覺得很孤獨

which I personally perceive as a form of poverty.

我認為，那也是另一種形式的貧困

There are hundreds of thousands of people

我們將數十萬的人拒於社會之外

that we put outside of our society because they have a disability.

只因為他們有所缺陷

And I could go on and on, and I hope you agree with me

我可以舉出很多的例子，這樣的情況，是完全不可被接受

that this situation is totally unacceptable and also unsustainable.

且不可永續的，我想你同意吧

We urgently need to find new solutions to these challenges.

我們急需為這些新挑戰想出解決方法

I believe that these unreasonable people,

我相信，那些非理性的人

these social entrepreneurs,

那些社會企業家

play a key role in creating that change, creating that progress.

將會在這個帶來進步與改變的過程中，扮演重要的角色

Because entrepreneurs choose to see opportunities

因為社會企業家看到的，是機會

where other people see intangible problems.

而其他人只看到複雜難解的問題

They choose to swim against the stream, to be unreasonable,

那些社企人們選擇不從眾，並當個理性思考者

to try new business models, to create innovation.

不斷地嘗試新的商業模式，帶來創新

There are actually four characteristics for a social enterprise I want to share.

接下來，我想和大家分享，社會企業的四個特性

The first is every social entrepreneur has a theory of change,

第一、任何社企創辦人，都抱持著改變理論

something they want to change in this world.

他們想改變世界上的一些事情

Impact is their major driver. Impact is what starts it all.

「影響力」是一切的根源，也是他們努力的動力

They want to create that change through a viable business model,

他們希望透過可實施的商業模式

through a market-based solution, which means they don't want

帶來一個經得起市場考驗的解決方法，他們不希望

to be dependent on subsidies, and grants, or on the government.

必須依賴政府的補助金才能生存

They want to build a market-based solution, which also means

他們希望創造一個市場主導的方法，

that they can scale that solution if they make their business grow,

表示一旦他們的事業持續成長，他們就可以更大規模地解決問題

and it means the solution is sustainable.

同時也意味著，這項解決方案是可持續的

The most ambitious ones want systemic change,

那些最有把握的人，總希望能帶來體制性的改變

want that change to be much bigger than their own enterprise.

除了它們本身的事業外，他們希望帶來更大的影響

So let's look at the Netherlands.

讓我們再看看荷蘭吧

Do we have social entrepreneurs in the Netherlands? Yes, we do.

在荷蘭，我們有社會企業家嗎？我們有

Quite a few very impressive ones, and I'll tell you about a few of them.

有不少，且其中有不少做出了讓人驚豔的成績

I want to start with Text To Change.

我想先來談談「用打字，創造改變」

Text To Change is a social enterprise started in 2007 by Bas and Hajo,

在2007年，這間社會企業由博世跟海友創立

and they wanted to use mobile technology, SMS messaging,

他們希望能夠利用所有的行動工具，如簡訊

to reach the unreachable people in the outskirts of the world,

讓他們可以更認識外面的世界

to bring development, health care, education.

希望能夠為他們帶來開發、醫療保健及教育觀念

It was deemed totally unreasonable.

大家都覺得他瘋了

First of all, you don't combine mobile phones and healthcare

首先，你不會將手機跟醫療結合

and secondly, these people in the outskirts of Africa

第二，那些住在非洲郊區的人們

would never be able to access mobile phones - this was 2007.

在創立之初 2007年時，可能永遠都沒有機會使用手機

Today, 700 million people in Africa have a mobile phone,

現在，非洲有700萬的人有手機

which is almost 60% of the continent,

有60%的普及率

and people are expecting that next year it's already going to be 85%.

而人們預估，那個數字將會在明年成長到85%

Text To Change has done 70 projects in 16 countries,

「用打字，創造改變」已經在16個國家，包含南美洲及亞洲

also in South America and Asia,

執行過70個計畫

and they have already sent 32 million text messages this year,

他們今年已經送出3200萬條的訊息

and we're only in April.

而現在還只是四月

So what do these text messages do?

這些訊息又發揮了哪些功效呢？

To give you one example,

舉個例子

in Uganda they made an SMS quiz about HIV/AIDS.

在烏干達，他們做了一則關於愛滋病的測驗簡訊

For prevention, to prevent transmission and for people to raise awareness.

幫助人們提高警覺以預防感染

40% of the people that took the quiz had themselves tested at a local clinic.

40%做了那個測驗的人去了當地的診所進行檢查

That is progress.

那就是進步

Another unreasonable entrepreneur, who is actually from Utrecht,

另一個是烏特勒支（荷蘭城市）的非理性創業家

is called Sjoerd van der Maaden from Specialisterren.

朱爾凡德馬達，來自specialisterren（荷蘭的一個組織）

His unreasonable idea was he was going to to build a business

他的想法是，創立一個

where he'd only employ autistic people.

只雇用自閉症的人的公司

He believes autistic people have enormous capacity

他相信，自閉症的人有強大的潛能

if you look at what they can do instead of look at what they can't do.

如果你仔細注意他們所能做的事，而非只注意他們較不擅長的事

There are 26,000 people with a form of autism

有26,000人有不同程度的自閉症

that are highly skilled that sit at home without jobs.

他們都有厲害的技能，卻無法找到工作，只能待在家

So he built a software testing company because he knows, he has an autistic son,

所以他創立了一個軟體測試公司。正因為他也有一個自閉症的兒子，他知道

that people with this form of autism are extremely good

有自閉症的人

in concentration and details, and have concrete focus.

能夠非常專注在細節，有驚人的專注力

He has already proven that his staff, his team, is better in testing software

他已經證明了，他的員工、他的團隊們，遠比其他的軟體測試公司

than any other software testers around.

都來得優秀

This is a successful business creating huge impact,

這就是一個成功企業所能帶來的巨大改變

giving people that were formerly unemployed

給那些一直找不到工作的人

a chance to be part of our society and build their own lives.

一個機會，成為社會的一份子，並有能力創造自己想要的生活

As you can see these social enterprises are very different

你可以看到，那些社會企業家都與盈利為主的企業家、

than commercial enterprises, or charities, or public institutions.

各個慈善機構、政府組織 等 都有很大的不同

They form a thriving new sector, a sector that has continued to grow.

它們形成了一個新的結構，一個可以持續成長的結構

Some of them are very ambitious; they really want to change the system.

有些創業家們非常有野心，且由衷希望能夠改變體制

System change is not just about scale,

那不只是規模上的改變

system change is about changing the hearts and minds of people.

改變體制，是要改變人們的身心靈

One of those potential system changers from the Netherlands is Fairphone,

有一個來自荷蘭的體制改變者，巴斯凡阿貝爾

by Bas van Abel, who actually also lives in Utrecht.

創立了公平貿易手機，他也住在烏特勒支

(Cheering)

（歡呼）

Bas wanted to change the phones we are using.

巴斯試圖改變我們在用的手機

He was totally frustrated by the fact that they are filled

那些手機的原料，往往來自貧困國家對童工的壓榨

with raw materials from conflict areas, mined often by children.

他覺得很難過

They're being produced in shady factories in Asia,

那些手機在陰暗的亞洲工廠組裝

they're totally customer unfriendly because we can't customize them,

也完全不能客製化，對消費者很不友善

we can't even change the batteries anymore

我們甚至，再也不能幫手機換電池了

and they end up in e-waste dumps in Africa.

最後，它們又會流落到非洲的電子垃圾場

So what do you do?

那你可以做些什麼

You can protest against it and be an activist,

你可以當個積極行動者抵制它

or you can show that it can be done differently.

或者，你可以做給大家看，事情可以不一樣

They created the first Fairphone.

他們創造了第一台公平貿易手機

The system change is in the fact

試圖改變體制的結果是

that consumers are willing to buy this phone.

消費者們願意使用

The fact that the consumers, that we are willing to look

我們身為消費者，願意從另一個角度

at the different way their products are made.

省思產品的製造方式

Fairphone could potentially be a revolution in the electronics industry.

公平貿易手機可能會在電子業刮起一陣炫風

Of course, Bas was deemed very unreasonable

當然 巴斯開始事業開始之初

when he started this venture.

就被認為是個非理性的創業者

Another movement that you must have all seen,

另一項你們一定都有聽過的運動

and is a potential system changer, is the share economy movement.

也是一個潛在的體制改變者，那就是共享經濟

The ventures that are trying to help us understand

這個模式幫助我們瞭解

that we should, instead of own things, share things, create social cohesion

我們應該互相分享，而非獨自佔有物品，來創造社會凝聚力

instead of more material wealth for ourselves.

並非只不斷滿足自己的物慾

Think of SnappCar, a car sharing platform, trying to explain

想想看 SnappCar 那個汽車共享的平台，試圖提出問題，例如：

why should we all own our own car

如果有一台車有90%的時間都沒被使用

if it stands in front of our door 90% of the time doing nothing?

我們還需要擁有一台車嗎？

Why not share it with our neighbors?

為什麼不和鄰居們共享呢？

Last year 5,000 people in the Netherlands were willing to share a car.

去年，荷蘭有5,000人願意和別人共享搭乘

This year 50,000 people in the Netherlands were willing to share a car.

今年，荷蘭有50,000人願意和別人共享搭乘

This is a movement that could really, really take off

這項行動已正式展開

and create a system change.

並且可以帶來體制上的改變

And the interesting thing is

有趣的事情是

that sharing is a very basic principle of all the social entrepreneurs,

「共享」是所有社會企業家都認同的價值觀

because they want to share their models and create impact.

他們希望可以共享他們的商業模式並產生影響

So, it's not about creating the biggest enterprise for themselves,

他們並不只想為自己創造最大的事業

it's about finding as many other enterprises and people as they can

他們希望能夠有更多人，可以一起行動

to scale that impact, to spread it like a virus.

讓它像病毒一樣，發揮影響力

That is what inspires me so about these entrepreneurs

這也是那些社會企業家最讓我深思與反省的地方

and I hope it does you.

希望他們也對你有影響

I could tell you many more stories, but there is no time.

我可以告訴你很多故事，但是我們時間不夠

The interesting thing is these social entrepreneurs,

有趣的事情是，這些社會企業家

whether they want to change locally, nationally, or internationally,

小到在地耕耘者，大到改變世界者

are not professors in social impact or all business school graduates,

他們都不是社會學的專家或是商學院研究所畢業生

they're people like you and me.

他們就像你我一樣

They're people that are frustrated by what they see in their direct environment

他們不滿足於他們所看到的情況

and they want to make a change.

並致力去改變

So everyone here could be a social entrepreneur

所以，在座的每一位都可能是社會企業家

or could support creating social enterprises.

或者幫助他人創立社會企業

That's what I do.

那就是我在做的事

I founded Social Enterprises NL

我成立 Social Enterprises NL（荷蘭社會企業）

and another venture called Social Impact Ventures,

及另一個 Social Impact Ventures（改變社會企業）

both aimed at creating an ecosystem

兩個都專注於創造一個生態環境

where social enterprises can thrive, where they can grow,

讓社會企業能成長、擴大

where they can create more and more impact.

並創造更多影響力

I'm hoping more people are willing to support that movement.

我希望有更多人能夠支持這個行為

There's a lot of entrepreneurs in this room, I'm quite sure,

我很確定，現在這個地方就有很多潛在的社會企業家

but there are also investors, teachers, consumers.

也有很多投資人、老師、消費者

We all have the power to make a change.

我們都必須要做出改變

This is also the start of a transformation of capitalism,

這是資本主義轉型重要的一步

where success will be measured by the social impact we create.

成功，將會以我們為社會帶來的影響去衡量

So please, if you go from here, and tomorrow you need a software tester,

拜託大家，如果下次你需要軟體測試的服務

think about calling Specialisterren or AutiTalent

請想到Specialisterren 或 AutiTalent

or one of the ventures that creates impact.

或是任何一個能夠帶來正面影響的企業

And if you consider buying a new car, don't.

如果你想買一輛新車，請不要這麼做

Go to SnappCar, MyWheels, WeGo, or look at Peerby,

去 SnappCar、MyWheels、 WeGo、或Peerby等

all these sharing platforms.

共享平台

If you pass by a shop and look at what you see in front of you,

如果你經過一間店時，看到你眼前美麗的商品

please think of who suffered to create these absurdly low prices

在如此低價的背後，請你再次反思

that you see on the products.

它背後的故事