Prostrate cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in men, in both in America and the UK.

在美國和英國，前列腺癌都是男性癌症死亡的第二大原因。

The prostrate is part of male reproductive system and responsible for making seminal fluid

前列腺是男性生殖系統的一部分，負責製造精液。

which turns out to be partly responsible for... you guessed it. Creating you and everyone else

結果發現部分原因是... 你猜對了。創造了你和其他所有人

but with time and age the cells in the prostrate like any other cells can pick up defects, which lead to Cancer.

但隨著時間的推移和年齡的增長，前列腺中的細胞和其他細胞一樣，會出現缺陷，從而導致癌症。

Now, your body and everything in it including the prostrate is made up of cells

現在，你的身體和身體裡的所有東西包括前列腺都是由細胞組成的

normal behaving cells go through the cell cycle in which they grow and divide into duplicate cells through a process known as Mitosis

有絲分裂

but instead of just duplicating uncontrollably there are numerous measures along the way

但不是一味地無節制地複製，而是沿途有許多措施。

to make sure these cells are healthy, functioning normally and replicating at a controlled rate.

以確保這些細胞是健康的，功能正常，並以可控的速度複製。

For example, cells not only receive growth signals, they actually receive anti-growth signals to tell them stop growing altogether

例如，細胞不僅能接收到生長信號，實際上它們還能接收到反生長信號，告訴它們完全停止生長。

on top of this cells actually have a limited replicative capacity, meaning the more they replicate

除此之外，細胞的複製能力其實是有限的，也就是說他們複製的越多

the less chance they have to do it again.

他們越是沒有機會再犯。

Finally cells are generally localised to an area in the body and require Angiogenesis or blood vessel creation

最後細胞一般定位在身體的某一區域，需要血管生成或血管的生成。

To sustain their life and bring them nutrients, move this cell away from this and they can't survive

為了維持它們的生命，給它們帶來養分，把這個細胞移開，它們就不能生存了'。

Any cells that aren't following these rules or that are old and worn out are often removed by a process known as Apoptosis

任何不遵守這些規則的細胞或老舊和磨損的細胞通常會被稱為細胞凋亡的過程所移除。

Apoptotis is the controlled destruction or break down of the cells by the body

細胞凋亡是指人體對細胞的控制性破壞或分解。

But every now and then, a mutation or error may occur which changes the cell's properties

但每隔一段時間，可能會發生突變或錯誤，從而改變細胞的屬性'。

For example, it may pick up the ability to ignore anti-growth signals in one generation

例如，它可能會在一代人中撿到忽略反增長信號的能力。

and later down the line, one of these cells may mutate to be able to avoid Apoptosis.

而以後再往下看，這些細胞中的一個可能會發生變異，能夠避免凋亡。

These mutations are random and happen by chance

這些突變是隨機的，是偶然發生的

but it's the combination of a few of them that, in the end, leads to fast-growing, uncontrollably duplicating, immortalised masses of cells.

但它'的組合，其中幾個，最後，導致快速增長，不受控制地複製，永生化的大量細胞。

Also known as Cancer.

也就是所謂的 "癌症"。

Which explains why the older you are, the more likely you are to get Prostate Cancer

這就解釋了為什麼年齡越大，患前列腺癌的可能性越大。

because your cells have had many more chances to pick up multiple mutations

因為你的細胞有更多的機會去接收多種突變。

through many generations of cells.

通過多代細胞。

This is one of the reasons that about 80% of men will get Prostate Cancer by the time they're 80.

這也是大約80%的男性會在80歲時得前列腺癌的原因之一'。

So is there anything we can do about it?

那麼我們有什麼辦法嗎？

In some ways, yes.

在某些方面，是的。

If we look at Asia, we see some of the lowest Prostate Cancer numbers across the globe.

如果我們看一下亞洲，我們會發現亞洲是全球前列腺癌發病率最低的地區。

So we might think it's genetic and many studies support this

所以我們可能會認為它'是遺傳的，很多研究都支持這種說法。

but, interestingly, Asian men who have moved to America show a higher incidence of Prostate Cancer than those in Asia

但有趣的是，移居美國的亞裔男性比亞洲男性的前列腺癌發病率更高

in proportion to how long they've been in America.

與他們在美國呆了多久成正比。

On top of this, American born babies of Asian decent have nearly the same incidence of Prostate Cancer as Caucasian babies born in America.

除此之外，在美國出生的亞裔嬰兒與在美國出生的白種人嬰兒的前列腺癌發病率幾乎相同。

This clearly illustrates that some of the contributing factors must be diet and lifestyle based.

這清楚地說明，一些致病因素一定是基於飲食和生活方式。

As it turns out, some studies have shown foods like soy, tomatoes and fish may be partly responsible for this decrease

事實證明，一些研究表明，大豆、西紅柿和魚等食物可能是這種減少的部分原因。

though there is still much debate.

儘管仍有很多爭論。

These foods, as well as a few chemicals and medications

這些食物，以及一些化學物質和藥物

all have properties which may aid in normal cell regulation

都有可能有助於正常細胞調節的特性。

or prevent cell damage and mutation.

或防止細胞損傷和變異。

On the other hand, fatty foods have been noted as potential culprits towards many cancers.

另一方面，脂肪含量高的食物被認為是導致許多癌症的潛在元凶。

At the end of the day, even though there still remains uncertainty surrounding Prostate Cancer

在一天結束時，儘管前列腺癌仍然存在不確定性

and how to prevent or treat it, education and understanding are or great value.

以及如何預防或治療，教育和了解是或大有價值的。

So instead of giving your Dad a card this Fathers Day

所以，在這個父親節，不要給你的爸爸一張卡片

grab a tomato in one hand, some soy in the other and give him the greatest gift in life: Knowledge

一手抓著西紅柿，一手抓著黃豆，送給他人生最大的禮物。知識

because the more we encourage each other to learn and live a healthy and active life

因為我們越是鼓勵彼此學習，越是鼓勵健康積極的生活。

the better off we'll be

亡羊補牢

and the more we think about how our concious choices affect our lives now and later

我們越是思考我們有意識的選擇如何影響我們現在和以後的生活

the greater our quality of life can become.

我們的生活品質就可以變得越高。

Happy Fathers Day!

父親節快樂!