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  • Growing up in Canada, we were always shown maps of our country, like this, where a huge

  • portion of it is something known as the Arctic. Given that it makes up 40% of Canada's land

  • mass and 2/3 of its coasts, we never actually learned that much about it in school and it's

  • always been this sort of exotic location that we've wanted to go to, especially knowing

  • that the ice has been steadily declining for years. So we decided to pack our bags, bring

  • some camera gear and join a Greenpeace boat that was heading from St John's Newfoundland

  • all the way to a community called Clyde River on Baffin Island to see the effects of climate

  • change first hand. Scientists know that the Arctic is warming twice as fast as other parts

  • of the world, causing land and sea ice to melt and currents to change. We were honestly

  • so surprised at how little ice there was, which we could immediately see upon arrival.

  • Climate change is a global phenomenon. It doesn't just happen in certain places. It

  • affects everybody. The rising of the temperature caused by our burning of fossil fuels has

  • caused the Arctic to melt. And this extreme rate of change has deeply affected the wild

  • life and people's lives. These people are the Inuit, who are an indigenous people that

  • have lived in North America for thousands of years. Inuit means people. And that's all

  • we see ourselves as. People. When we refer to a different culture, let's say from France,

  • there's lots of Inuit there. That's how we say it. That's how we use it. But also we

  • use it to refer it to ourselves as people. What makes us Inuit is that we are hunter

  • gatherers. We go out on the land, live out there for part of the year, hunting whales

  • and seals and fishing--all this hunting lifestyle. That's what makes us Inuit, to me. In 1939,

  • the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the Inuit should be under the jurisdiction of

  • the federal government, imposing Canadian laws to strip them of their customs. During

  • World War II, this land became even more important, strategically, and was occupied more heavily.

  • This European influence had an incredibly negative impact on the Inuit way of life,

  • with forced assimilation to remove their culture and further removal of their traditional structure,

  • much like other indigenous populations across the world. In the 1950s, the Canadian government

  • forced communities to settle permanently into cities or hamlets, like Clyde River, stripping

  • the nomadic way of life away from the Inuit. When you walk around in my community, you

  • see that the houses for people is nothing but bungalows, wooden houses. All our roads

  • are gravel. And we are really lacking in infrastructure. I remember we would always go camping, like

  • the whole family. We would be gone for weeks or even months if we had enough food. Pretty

  • much we lived out on the land and survived from animals that my dad and my brother hunt.

  • I wish we could go back to the way we used to live, because there was more family time.

  • Everything just changed when there was no more camping for us. Given that mass agriculture

  • isn't the easiest thing to produce in the North, it makes sense that any threat to the

  • wildlife, which is a huge segment of their food source, would be problematic. We have

  • a relationship with nature where we're not out to just kill anything. It's our food source.

  • When we kill an animal, we treat it right. We butcher it right, and bring it into the

  • community for food. In summertime, my favourite food is narwhal. We call it muktuk. We're

  • gonna try narwhal for the first time. So, like this? I just have this? Oh, it's warm!

  • It's been boiled? Mmmhm. Yeah, they just cooked it. Mmmm. It's soft? Pretty good. That one

  • has even more flavour. That one's raw. What's it taste like? Like seafood. Kind of tastes

  • like a chewy muscle or a clam. It's good. Which one do you like more? Depends on the

  • day. *laughs* Today, 68% of Inuit don't have consistent access to healthy or nutritious

  • food, giving them the highest rate of food insecurity of any indigenous group in the

  • developed world. 35% of homes literally do not have enough food to eat. In Clyde River,

  • we have one store called Northern store. It's a chain of stores that is all around Nunavut

  • and other regions of Canada. Most aboriginal communities have a Northern store. And that's

  • our only store. And because of that, they can mark it up as they like. The prices are

  • sometimes a hundred, two hundred, even to four hundred percent higher than what we would

  • buy in Ottawa. This pepper, is $15.99. I don't even know if it's per pound or per pepper,

  • but regardless, either of those is really, seriously shocking. So all the yellow labels

  • are things that are aired in and all the black labels are things that are shipped in. So

  • like this little thing of veggies is $16. Wow. This can of coke right here is $6.15.

  • And this is in Canada in a community that is probably obviously struggling to put food

  • on the table, and it's messed up. And you know they're jacked up prices because the

  • Coke is $6.15, but the Pepsi is $2.59, so obviously there's a preference for Coke. They're

  • capable. Yeah, they're capable of bringing that price down. It's so interesting being

  • in Canada. We're not in a different country. We didn't show our passport to come here.

  • Our family, we're living on paycheck to paycheck and sometimes it's not enough for us to get

  • food for my siblings and my parents, but if we don't have any Northern-bought food, we

  • would still have narwhal or seal meat or fish, in our fridge and that saves us a lot. It

  • keeps us from starving. As if these food challenges weren't already enough, Clyde River is about

  • to face, perhaps, it's greatest battle and risk to their livelihood yet. This is seismic

  • blasting. You see, the energy and oil companies use the technique of seismic blasting in the

  • search for oil underwater, whereby high air pressure blasts are shot up underwater every

  • ten seconds to survey the ocean floor below in hopes to find oil deposits. Basically,

  • they're imaging with sound. But not before having an impact on the environment and wildlife

  • first. Almost all marine animals use sound for all vital life functions. And that's because

  • sound travels extremely efficiently under water. Five times the speed. And it just transmits

  • over large areas very quickly. Seismic blasting is the loudest human-made sounds other than

  • an explosion and 4,000 km away, seismics can form the pre-dominant part of the background

  • noise. They'll be having much more trouble finding their prey, orienting themselves,

  • navigating, staying in touch with eachother, staying in touch with their calves, reproducing,

  • mating, stress impact that affect their immune system. They use sound for everything. Why

  • would they not be impacted? How could they not be impacted? I can't even imagine. It's

  • far harder for me to imagine they wouldn't be impacted than they would. I mean, the parsimonious

  • explanation is, they're going to suffer something. And if the animals are affected, it becomes

  • a matter of life and death for the Inuit people in Clyde River. But Clyde River is unique

  • in that they have begun an unprecedented legal battle against the Canadian government and

  • energy companies to protect their land, culture, wildlife, and way of life. So the seismic

  • companies applies for a permit to conduct a five year project to blast Baffin Bay and

  • the Davis Strait in search of oil and gas beneath the sea floor. They want to blast

  • over a very large section of the Arctic Ocean in Canada. The project that was approved would

  • allow them to blast the ocean for five years during the ice-free season, which is a pretty

  • significant amount of the year and they'd be blasting their air canons every ten seconds,

  • 24 hours a day. This shouldn't have been a problem, given that indigenous peoples in

  • Canada and other countries around the world have certain rights enshrined to the United

  • Nations Declaration On The Rights of Indigenous Peoples, requiring proper consultation and

  • consent to go forward with such projects. Clyde River never gave their consent , but

  • the seismic blasting was given a go-ahead. The National Energy Board and a company came

  • to Clyde River in what they call consultation. They brought a lot of paper work, their presentations.

  • They were telling us, "this is what we're planning to do." We were asking them questions

  • when they were done, you know, how presentations work. We were asking them things like, "what's

  • going to happen to the halibut? How are the halibut (or the turbot) going to be affected

  • by the canon blasts?" Narwhals, walrus--we thought that we would get an answer that explains

  • what would happen. But, no, they didn't give us any answer like that. Here are some of

  • the actual excerpts from the consultation process with the community. When asked, "Which

  • animals will be affected?" they answered, "That's a very difficult question to answer

  • because we're not the core experts." When asked, "What are the effects of seismic testing

  • on marine mammals?" they said "How can I say this? I'm not an expert on this?" And when

  • asked, "Which route will the seismic survey take?" they said, "We're still undecided."

  • This move to avoid proper consultation and to find more oil is not only affecting the

  • wildlife and ecosystem but the Arctic entirely and the Inuit way of life. So what has happened

  • is that big oil companies, who refuse to recognize the fact that we need to leave what's in the

  • group in the ground if we're going to survive, are using that opportunity to go in there

  • and try to extract more of the stuff that melted the place in the first instance. They

  • don't care what happens to their grandchildren. They don't care. They clearly don't care because

  • the know the signs. They know what's going to happen. They know that conflict's going

  • to escalate as water supplies decrease, as food security becomes more and more difficult.

  • Conflict worldwide wil escalate. And what's going to happen then? What's going to happen

  • when the low-lying territories like Bangladesh, even the Netherlands, get covered in water?

  • Where are those people going to go? It's going to make the refugee crisis in Europe look

  • like an away day. Which is why Clyde River's fight to protect their rights in the Arctic

  • is so important and could set a major precedent for other indigenous communities all around

  • the world. If they lose, seismic blasting could start as soon as summer 2017, and they

  • could be blasting for five years after that. Ultimately threatening the primary food sources

  • for the Inuit. These are people who are already living on a very fine line. And so therefore,

  • seismic testing is absoulutely a question of their rights to their land and the safety

  • of their land and the safety of their food, so any company has no right to mess with their

  • food supply in that way. It is and should be made illegal and we sincerely hope that

  • it will become illegal. If seismic blasting was to happen, we feel that as Inuit, it's

  • going to take a big portion of our diet, our hunting culture away, it's going to be totally

  • destroyed, because if you see hunting and there's nothing, that's devestating to me.

  • If the whales migrate somewhere and we have nothing to hunt, I don't know what's going

  • to happen. We're going to lose our lives. I fear that seismic blasting is going to completely

  • change our lifestyle and the sea mammals. I really want to help stop it because all

  • the animals are very important to us. And you can be a part of that change, just by

  • signing the petition to put pressure on the Supreme Court and government of Canada to

  • stand with Clyde River. Or come with us on November 30 to stand with Clyde River in Ottawa

  • at the court hearing. If you can't make it, please sign the petition and share this video

  • to help Clyde River in their fight to save the Arctic. Your audience, young people, have

  • much more power than my generation, because you're online. I am absolutely certain that

  • the only thing that changes anything of any importance is the mass movement of people.

  • Now, at the moment online, those mass movements are happening all the time, so even if you

  • just join Greenpeace, then sign the petitions, that's a huge act, because now you've got

  • politicians who have to listen to young people. Who's voting for us? I mean, whether you believe

  • in what they're doing or whether they can do anything or not, they have to listen to

  • you and big companies have to listen to you. So, I think it's very important when you're

  • young to know that you have power and to use it. The people of the Arctic are some of the

  • smallest contributors to climate change but are feeling the biggest impact. It's not just

  • about CO2, it's about people and it's about how unfair the situation is and how everyone

  • of us can come together to help a community in need. Some of you may have seen Nanny McPhee.

  • If you don't get involved, I'm going to turn up with my stick and my warts and my tooth

  • and hurt you, k? Peace.

Growing up in Canada, we were always shown maps of our country, like this, where a huge

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B1 中級 美國腔

北極的盡頭 (The End Of The Arctic)

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    VoiceTube 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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