Today, we're going to look at comparisons. And the reason I want to do this is because I've noticed that

今天，我們要來看比較級文法。我之所以作這個影片是因為我發現

many people make a very common mistake when they're talking about comparisons. So first,

許多人都會在比較時犯一個常見的錯誤。第一，

there are two types of comparisons; two ways of comparing, okay?

有兩種類型的比較；兩種比較的方式。

And we're going to focus on one of them. We're going to focus on the difference between "like" and "as".

我們要來了解like和as之間的不同，

But I also want to look at this a little bit: "more than", or "____-er than", "as something as," et cetera.

但我也會跟你們介紹: "more than", or "____-er than" ，和"as something as"， 等等。

because I want to make sure that you understand that these are two different ways of comparing, okay?

因為我想確定你們都知道這兩種比較的方式。

So when we use "more," and usually an adjective -- "more"+ adjective + "than", for example,

我們用"more"時，形容詞通常在more後面--像是"more" 接形容詞再接than" ，例如，

"This car is more expensive than that car", or "-er" - "This car is cheaper than that car."

「這台車比那台車還要貴」， 或者用"er" - 「這台車比那台車便宜」。

Or "as ____ as" - "This car is as expensive as that car", okay?

或者 "as ____ as" - 「這台車和那台車都一樣貴」，清楚嗎?

What we are comparing with these ones, we're comparing "qualities": speed, height, weight,

我們在比較這兩個的什麼東西? 就是它們的品質：速度、高度、重量、

cost, shape, and so on. When we use "like" and "as", we are comparing things to things.

價格、形狀諸如此類。 我們會用 "like"和"as" 比較兩項不同的東西，

We are comparing actions to actions, okay?

或者比較不同的動作。

The big thing, the big difference you have to pay attention to is, don't mix "than" with "as" or "like", okay?

你要注意它們之間的不同，不要搞混"than"、"as"、和"like"。

And don't mix this "as _____ as", with this "as", okay? That's the main thing we want to concentrate on.

也不要搞混"as _____ as" ，和這個後面加子句的as，可以嗎? 這千萬要銘記在心。

So let's look at "like" and "as". What is the difference between these two? "Like" is a preposition.

所以，我們來看"like"和"as"。這兩個有什麼不一樣的地方? "Like"是介係詞。

It is always followed by a noun, okay? "The flower is blue like the sky",

後面都是接名詞。像是「這朵花像天空一樣藍」。

okay? We're talking about comparing the two things.

我們在比較兩件事物。

"As" is always followed by a clause. "As" is a conjunction followed by a clause.

而"As"的後面加子句。"As"是一個連接詞，連接著一個子句。

If you remember: what is a clause? Yes, it is a group of words that must include a subject and a verb, okay?

子句是什麼呢？就是一組包含主詞和動詞的字群。

So "as", subject, and verb. "She treats me as I would like to be treated",

所以要記得，"as" 後面有主詞和動詞。「她對待我的方式正是我所期盼的」。

okay? We're talking about the treatment, how she treats me. How I want to be treated.

我們講的是有關對待，她如何對待我的，而我希望別人怎麼對待我的。

Those are the two things we're comparing, okay?

我們在對比這兩件事情，可以嗎?

So before I give you some more examples, a very common expression in English.

因此，在舉例之前，我要先談談一個很常見的表達方式。

I want you to tell me which is the correct one: "Do as I say, not as I do";

告訴我哪一個是正確的: 「Do as I say, not as I do 別管我做得怎樣，照我說的去做」；

or "Do like I say, not like I do". Which of these is correct?

或者「Do like I say, not like I do別管我做得怎樣，照我說的去做 」，哪個是正確的?

If you guessed the first one, you're right. Because it's "as" + subject + verb. That is a clause, okay?

如果你是猜第一個，你答對了。因為"as" 後面要接主詞和動詞，形成一個子句，可以嗎?

But before I continue, I want to say one thing to you, and I hope this makes you feel a little bit better about yourself.

在我繼續之前，我要你們知道一件事，而且我希望你們都能對自己有自信。

Native English speakers mix these two all the time.

因為即使是英文母語人士也會搞混這兩個字的用法(like和as)。

So if you're studying grammar and you're listening to native English speakers, and you're trying

所以，學文法或母語人士的對話時你可以試著

to understand the difference, and they use this one (like) incorrectly many times, don't worry about it.

了解其中差異，但他們也常會把like用錯，所以不用擔心。

Many people use "like" when they should use "as" but they don't even realize it.

許多人甚至都沒注意到，在該用"as"時而用了"like"。

It is so common that it's becoming almost acceptable. It's wrong, but acceptable.

因為這樣的錯誤太常見，大家也自然而然接受了。雖然是錯的，但卻是可以接受的。

Anyway, we're going to look at a few more examples, and then you'll understand better the difference between "like" and "as".

不管怎麼樣，我們來看更多例子，然後你會更了解like和as之間的不同。

Okay, so here we have a few more examples to really show you how the differences work between "like" and "as" and

這裡我們有幾個例子，可以讓你知道like和as之間是怎樣的不同，還有一些

what you have to pay attention to. So first let's look at these examples.

你要注意的地方。第一個，先來看這幾個例句，

"He looks like a Martian." What am I comparing here? What am I comparing?

「他看起來像外星人」我在比較什麼? (compare該字傾向解釋成兩項性質類似的事物做比較。如果是對比，通常會用contrast這個字而非compare，比較和對比差異在於，contrast會以兩項性質不同事物做比較，compare乃性質類似之事物)

I'm comparing "he" and "Martian" -- same look, right?

我在對比"he(他)" 和"Martian(外星人)"--- 一樣的長相。

But I'm comparing two people and that's why I'm using "like", okay? "He speaks like a preacher."

但我在對比兩種人，這就是為什麼我用"like"。「他講話像是位傳道者」。

If you're not really sure what a preacher is, a preacher stands in a church

如果你不知道什麼是a preacher，a preacher就是在教堂裡

and says, "Oh you should do this and you should do that, because..." well, probably God, but hey, it's up to them.

對著信徒說: 「哦，你們都應該要這麼做，你們都應該要那麼做，因為.....」恩，大概是神，黑，這是他們的選擇。

"He speaks like a preacher." So he and the preacher are very similar. "He speaks as a preacher does",

「他講話像是位傳道者」。所以他和傳道者是非常相像的。「他講話的方式就像牧師」。

so here remember, subject and verb. Are the sentences the same? Not exactly.

在這邊，你要記住一個主詞(a preacher)和一個動詞(does)。 這兩句意思一樣嗎? 不盡然。

Here we're comparing him and a preacher. Here we're comparing speaking styles, the way they speak, okay?

這裡我們在對比的是他(him)和牧師(a preacher)。而這裡是我們在對比他們講話的方式。

So because of the way he speaks, him and the preacher are very similar -- "like".

因為他講話的方式，他(him)和牧師(the preacher)是相像的---"like"。

But his speaking, his action, and the preacher's action are very similar, okay?

但他的講話、動作、和牧師的動作都非常的相似(as)。

So because he speaks as a preacher does, he is like the preacher. I hope that makes sense, good.

因為他講話的方式像是牧師，所以他像一位牧師。我希望這解釋能說得通。

"She treats me like a dog." So before I said she treats me as I want to be treated, but

「她對待我像是一隻狗」。所以在這之前，我曾說過她知道我喜歡被對待的方式，但是

sometimes she treats me like a dog. So what am I comparing? I'm comparing me and the dog,

有時她對待我像是待狗一樣。我在對比什麼? 我在對比我(me)和狗(the dog)，

we're the same. We receive the same treatment from her.

我們是相同的。我們都是受到她相同的待遇。

Okay, now, a little bit more formal and sometimes you'll see this. Somebody says, "Oh, I like it."

恩，這邊有個正式的用法，有時你會看到或聽到有人說「哦，我喜歡這個」。

And you want to agree. You want to compare your feeling: "as do I". So one thing you have to be careful of,

你要表示同意、讓別人知道你的感受：「我也是」。值得注意的是，

here the subject and the verb have switched order. You have the verb first, the subject second.

這裡的主詞和動詞吊換了位子。動詞要第一，之後是主詞。

This is quite acceptable, very formal.

這是允許和正式的用法。

If you're not sure how to use it, especially in writing, don't use it. Somebody says,

如果你不確定要怎麼用它，特別是在寫作時，就不要用。有人會說:

"Uh,who came to the party?" "Well, Linda came, as did Tom and Jerry."

「呃，誰有來參加派對？」「琳達來了，湯姆和傑利也是」。

The cat and the mouse, I'm not sure if you know them.

湯姆貓與傑利鼠，我不知道你們知不知道牠們。

But "as did Tom and Jerry" -- the verb came first, the subject came second -- very formal.

但「as did Tom and Jerry」 -- 動詞放第一，之後是主詞 -- 非常正式的用法。

Otherwise, if you don't want to do it, "I like it." "I do, too." Easier, no "as".

但，你也可以這麼說: 「我喜歡它」、「我也會這麼做」。簡單多了，不需要用到"as"。

Or, "He speaks as Kennedy used to." So we're talking about Kennedy's grandson.

或者「他講話像肯尼迪以前一樣」。這邊可能是指肯尼迪的孫子。

We saw him give a speech to a large audience. We say "Wow, he speaks as his father used to", right?

我們看到他在大眾面前演講。我們會說「哇，他講話就像他爸爸以前一樣」。

It means in the same way, the same approach, the same aura, the same carriage.

這指的是同樣的演講方式、方法、氛圍、和舉止動作。

Okay, so that's one thing. Now sometimes you might see "as if" or "as though".

恩，那是你們要注意的。有時候你們可能看到"as if" 和 "as though" 。

Basically, it means you're comparing an unreal situation, right? "She is shopping as if there were no tomorrow."

基本上，這指的是你在比較一個非真實的情形。「她買了超多東西，彷彿世界末日要來臨一般」。

So A; you have the "if" with the word, the subjunctive, that's a whole other lesson.

所以，第一，你有if和一個假設語氣(were)，這會是有關另一個課程。

You can keep that in mind. But "as if there were no tomorrow": you have a full clause after the "as if".

你可以稍微記住。「彷彿世界末日要來臨」。在 as if 後面接了一個完整的子句，

So it's sort of like "like", but it's such an unreal situation,

這有點像是"like"，但是這是一個非真實的情況，

and then we're talking about an action that we use "as if", okay?

然後我們在as if句型中形容一個假設動作。

Again, there's no real clause here, because of the inversion, but just remember it's an unreal situation.

這是一個假設子句，一個非真實的情況。

But having said that, most native speakers will not say this.

但是，又再次的，很多的母語者都不會這麼說。

Most, or I don't know most, but many native speakers will say "She is shopping like there's no tomorrow."

大多數（我不確定）母語者會說「她買了超多東西，就像(like)世界末日要來臨一般。」

What does it mean? Tomorrow everybody's going to die, so she wants to get as much things today as she can.

這句是什麼意思呢? 明天每個人都會死，所以她拼命的買到所有她想要的東西。

It's a very common expression. Most people understand this expression as "like".

這是一個非常常見的用語。大多數的人都會用"like"在這用語。

"Like" is incorrect, but acceptable.

但"Like"是不正確的，但是是一個可以接受的錯誤。

One last thing I want to mention. A whole different use of "as" and "like".

最後一件事情，"as"和"like"的一個非常不一樣的用法。

"As your boss" -- because I want you to understand this, so there's no confusion --

「As your boss作為你的老闆」 --我用這例句，因為我要你謹記在心，不會再困惑這類文法--

"as" here means "in the position of". So here "as" is not a comparison.

"as" 在這裡指的是 「在什麼的職位上」。所以這裡的"as"不是指比較的意思。

It is a preposition telling you 「I'm in this position".

這裡的as是介係詞，指的是「我在這個職位」。

So "as your boss" -- I am your boss, I have the power to forbid you from using Facebook at work.

「作為你的老闆」-- 我是你的老闆，我有權利禁止你在工作時用fb。

But if you say "like your boss", then you're comparing. Then you're showing a similarity--"like" your boss.

但如果你說「like your boss」，這是指你在比較。指的是你和你的老闆有相似處"like"。

So your boss thinks this. I agree, I think so too.

所以你老闆這麼想，我同意，我也是這麼想。

So "Like your boss, I forbid you from using Facebook at work." Maybe I'm the assistant boss.

所以，「像是你的老闆，我也禁止你在工作時用fb」。我可能是老闆的助理。

He's the president, I'm the vice president. "Like him", means I agree with him, we are similar.

而他是總裁，我是副總裁。「像他一樣」，意思是我同意他，我們相似的。

"...you can't use Facebook at work." And if you do use Facebook at work, be careful -- a lot of bosses think like this.

「...你不可以在工作時用fb」。但如果你真的在工作時用fb，小心一點 -- 很多老闆是不愛這樣的員工。

Okay, so if you have any more questions go to www.engvid.com . There's a quiz there. You can practice more of this stuff.

如果你還有其他的問題，請來拜訪我們的網站www.engvid.com. 那會有個小測驗讓你練習這些like和as的用法。

You can leave questions and comments,

你也可以留下你的問題和建議，

and also subscribe to my channel on YouTube. I'll see you again real soon, thanks.

也歡迎你訂閱我的Youtube頻道。我們很快會再見面的，謝謝你的收看。

Learn English for free www.engvid.com

到www.engvid.com 免費學英文。