- I'm Cristen, and this is Brain Stuff.

- 我是克里斯汀，這裡是 "腦東西

And there are plenty of things I'd like to erase.

有很多事情我都想抹去。

The box of pizza rolls I ate yesterday,

我昨天吃的那盒披薩卷、

ever watching Sex in the City part two,

曾經看過《慾望都市》第二部、

and every single Willy Wonka meme.

以及每一個威利旺卡備忘錄。

Just make them stop.

讓他們停下來

Unfortunately, a lot of marks in this world are permanent,

不幸的是，這個世界上的很多印記都是永久性的、

but not so with pencil marks.

但鉛筆痕跡就不一樣了。

Yes, the humble pencil, or not so humble,

是的，簡陋的鉛筆，或者說並不簡陋的鉛筆、

as the case may be.

視情況而定。

Pencil lead isn't actually lead at all,

鉛筆芯其實根本不是鉛、

so no, you can't get lead poisoning from a pencil wound.

所以，鉛筆傷不會導致鉛中毒。

It's made from graphite,

它由石墨製成、

which is a soft mineral made up of flaky,

這是一種由片狀礦物組成的軟礦物質、

atom-thin layers of crystal and carbon.

原子般薄的晶體層和碳層。

Ever since the 1790s that graphite has been mixed

自 17 世紀 90 年代以來，石墨就一直被混合使用。

with clay to achieve different pencil lead hardnesses.

用粘土來達到不同的鉛筆芯硬度。

As you write or draw flakes of this clay and graphite mix

當你書寫或繪製這種粘土和石墨混合物的薄片時

cling to the fibers that make up your piece of paper.

粘附在構成紙張的纖維上。

The fibers have a huge surface area

纖維具有巨大的表面積

that catches lots of flakes,

能捕捉到很多薄片、

and the flakes will gladly stick around for decades

而薄片則會欣然堅持幾十年

if they're not disturbed.

如果它們不被打擾的話。

But erasers can lift those flakes right off the page

但橡皮擦可以將書頁上的紙屑擦掉

by virtue of being stickier than the paper fibers.

因為它比紙纖維更粘。

It's as simple as that.

就這麼簡單。

Since the flakes are just hanging onto the paper,

因為薄片只是掛在紙上、

not unlike thousands of tiny clay and graphite

不亞於成千上萬的微小粘土和石墨

kittens just hangin' in there,

小貓就在裡面徘徊、

anything stickier than paper can lift them off.

任何比紙更粘的東西都能把它們揭下來。

In fact, the earliest erasers going back to at least

事實上，最早的橡皮擦至少可以追溯到

the 1500s were just bread,

1500 年代的麵包

slightly moistened and balled up pieces of bread.

稍稍潤溼並揉成一團的麵包片。

By the 1800s people were using erasers

到 19 世紀，人們開始使用橡皮擦

made from natural rubber,

由天然橡膠製成、

which is harvested in the form of latex

以乳膠的形式收穫

from certain trees which excrete it to discourage

某些樹木會排洩這種物質，以阻止

plant-eating insects.

吃植物的昆蟲

The name rubber actually comes from one

橡膠的名稱實際上來自於一個

chemist's observations circa 1770

化學家的觀察，約 1770 年

that this tree latex stuff is great when you use

當你使用這種樹乳膠時

to rub out pencil marks.

擦去鉛筆痕跡。

Get it?

明白了嗎？

Rub out? Rubber?

擦掉？橡膠？

Huh?

啊？

But because natural latex rubber can be expensive

但由於天然乳膠價格昂貴

and some people are allergic to it,

而且有些人會對它過敏、

(coughs) condoms,

(保險套

modern erasers are almost always made

現代橡皮擦幾乎都是

from synthetic petroleum-based rubber

由以石油為基礎的合成橡膠製成

like polyvinyl chloride.

如聚氯乙烯。

Your standard pink eraser has bits of pumice added

標準的粉色橡皮擦中添加了浮石碎屑

to make it more abrasive,

使其更具研磨性、

which is a cheap way to help dislodge

這是一種廉價的方法，有助於去除

flakes of graphite from those paper fibers.

從這些紙纖維中剝離出石墨片。

And magic erasers work on a similar principle.

神奇橡皮擦的工作原理與此類似。

Magic.

魔術

No, instead of being literally sticky,

不，不是字面上的粘、

they contain rigid micro structures that trap dirt.

它們含有能吸附汙垢的剛性微結構。

But if you're ever without one,

但是，如果你沒帶的話、

give your standard pink eraser a try.

試試標準的粉色橡皮擦吧。

They're effective on way more than just pencil marks.

它們不僅對鉛筆痕跡有效。

So hey, I want to know.

所以，嘿，我想知道。

What would you erase if you had the chance?

如果有機會，你會刪除什麼？

Tell me in the comments

在評論中告訴我

and if you like this video,

如果您喜歡這段視頻

make it official and subscribe so you won't

使其正式化並訂閱，這樣您就不會

miss the next one.

錯過下一次

And if you're just pining for more stuff from us,

如果你只是渴望從我們這裡得到更多的東西、

check out our site at

請訪問我們的網站

brainstuffshow.com.

brainstuffshow.com.