Sure, but females have testosterone, too. So what do they do with it?

當然，但女性也有睪固酮。那睪固酮對女性有什麼功用？

Hey, everyone, thank you for watching DNews today. I'm Trace.

大家好，感謝各位收看 DNews，我是 Trace。

Testosterone is a sex hormone produced in the adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes.

睪固酮是由腎上腺、卵巢和睪丸分泌的荷爾蒙。

We commonly associate it with men, because it's necessary for the production of sperm.

我們通常把它與男性聯想在一起，因為它是製造精子的要素。

But according to the journal "Maturitas", it's the most abundant sex steroid in women throughout their lifespan.

但根據醫學期刊《Maturitas》顯示，它是女性一生中最豐沛的性類固醇。

In cisgender populations, men have 10 times more testosterone in their body than women,

在順性別人群中，男性體內的睪固酮量是女性的 10 倍。

pushing around 4 to 10 milligrams of the hormone per day through their bloodstreams.

每天血液中運送約 4 至 10 毫克的睪固酮。

Testosterone is recognized by the general population, but not well understood, and even scientists haven't mastered it yet.

睪固酮為大眾所熟知，卻未被充分理解，就連科學家也尚未掌握其全貌。

Those commercials calling for people with "low T" to talk to their doctors, that's crazy town!

那些高喊睪固酮分泌不足的人應該就醫的廣告，簡直是無言亂語。

According to "The British Medical Journal", only 0.1 percent of men in their forties have low T.

根據《英國醫學期刊》所載，40 多歲的男性中，只有 0.1% 睪固酮分泌不足。

So why do people care?

那人們為什麼還是如此在意？

Because we think of it as the hormone for masculinity.

因為我們認為它是象徵男子氣概的荷爾蒙。

High testosterone is equated with manliness and mating success.

高睪固酮量被與男性氣概與成功繁殖畫上等號。

Though, interestingly, it is not associated with actual attractiveness.

然而，有趣的是，它與實際的吸引力毫無關聯。

In one study testing testosterone on female behavior, women who had believed they'd received testosterone behaved more aggressively toward other women.

一項測試睪固酮對女性行為影響的研究顯示，相信自己攝取了睪固酮的女性，對其他女性更有攻擊性。

What we think can influence this whole deal.

我們的想法會影響整個結果。

Most people learned in sex ed that testosterone production kicks in during male puberty.

多數人從性教育課程中學到，睪固酮從男性青春期開始分泌。

The pituitary gland at the base of the brain begins releasing luteinizing hormone, or LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH.

位于大腦底部的腦垂體開始釋放黃體成長激素（LH）和濾泡刺激素（FSH）。

Together they tell the testes to make testosterone, causing development of the penis and testes,

它們命令睪丸開始製造睪固酮，促成陰莖和睪丸的發育。

larger muscles, deeper voices, increased height, and so on, and so on.

發育更發達的肌肉、更低沉的聲音、更高的身高，等等。

But in females, 50 percent of their T comes from their ovaries and adrenal gland throughout their lives.

但在女性體內，一生中有 50% 的睪固酮來自於卵巢和腎上腺。

The rest is naturally converted from base androgens to testosterone elsewhere in the body as needed.

其餘則根據其它身體部位需求，將雄性激素轉變成睪固酮。

Androgens are sort of like the building blocks of hormones,

雄性激素有點類似荷爾蒙合成物。

like estrogen and testosterone.

像是雌激素和睪固酮。

Testosterone is the skeleton key to so much in our bodies, and the levels in each and every person will vary.

睾固酮是體內很多部位的萬能鑰匙，每個人體內的含量也不盡相同。

Testosterone naturally fluctuates throughout the day, and over our lifetimes.

睪固酮量每天乃至一生都會自然地波動。

Levels usually peak in the morning and then drop throughout the day.

含量通常在早晨達到顛翻，然後慢慢地下降。

In men, they peak during puberty, lowering by 1 to 2 percent every year after 40—that's normal.

就男性而言，睪固酮在青春期達到高峰，在 40 歲後逐年下降 1 至 2%。這是正常現象。

But female testosterone production is less well understood overall, which can cause all sorts of issues.

但整體來說，我們對女性睪固酮分泌的認識更少，而這會導致各種問題。

It seems to help grow healthy bones, which is great for women.

它似乎有助於健康骨骼成長，對女性來說極有益。

But upping intake can cause blood clots, cancers, and other deadly issues in all humans.

但增加攝取量可能會導致人類罹患血栓、癌症以及其它的致命性問題。

Successful athletes often have more testosterone, male and female both, but not necessarily.

成功的運動員不分男女通常擁有較多睪固酮，但這並非必然。

Some women with the highest natural levels top men with the lowest natural levels.

有些具最高睪固酮分泌量的女性，會超越最低分泌量的男性。

A single study found 13.7 percent of women with testosterone levels higher than the average female athlete.

一項研究發現，有 13.7% 的女性睪固酮含量高於女性運動員平均值。

And when the International Olympic Committee tested the female athletic population of the 2011 Daegu, South Korea World Championships,

而當國際奧委會在 2011 年韓國大邱奧運對女性運動員進行測試時，

they found some women—1.5 to 4.7 percent—at the lowest male average levels, while 1.8 percent of the men were within the typical female range.

他們發現約有 1.5% 到 4.7% 的女性，其睪固丸酮含量相當於男性最低含量，而有 1.8% 的男性睪固酮含量落在女性正常範圍內。

As women enter menopause, testosterone production halts, perhaps to lower libido, but we don't really know why.

隨著女性邁入更年期，睪固酮會停止分泌，或許是為了降低性慾，但我們其實並不知道原因。

Female testosterone has been connected with female body shape, fertility and physical changes, athletic abilities, making women nicer to others to gain social standing.

女性睪固酮常與體型、生育能力與身體變化、運動能力相關聯，使女性待人友善以獲得社會地位。

It's even been associated with ladies crying to release it to chemically communicate to other people around them.

甚至有人認為，女性透過哭泣釋放此賀爾蒙，與周遭的人進行化學交流。

Another study found women taking testosterone were more opinionated and less productive while in groups, focusing more on themselves.

另一項研究發現，服用睪固酮補劑的女性在群體中常固執己見、工作效率低，以自我為中心。

And yet, another study on top of that, found that testosterone boosted lady libido.

還有另一項研究指出，睪固酮可以提高女性性慾。

But study participants in that one were also on antidepressants.

不過該研究的受試者同時也正服用抗憂鬱劑。

So again, testosterone is not well understood, and even though we know more about it with men,

我重申：即使我們較熟悉睪固酮對男性的影響，卻未能窺其全貌。

we're still kind of bumbling overall.

整體理解仍嫌不足。

There's not even a strong connection between testosterone and physical violence.

睪固酮甚至沒有與肢體暴力的直接關聯性。

But if you ask the average person, they would say that there is.

但你如果詢問任何一個人，他們一定會說有關聯。

What we do know is testosterone prepares the body to respond to competition, sexuality, and changes in social status.

我們所知道的是，睪固酮使身體對於競爭、性慾和社會地位改變作出回應。

But outside of that, science gets a little nebulous.

但在那之外，科學變得有點模糊不清。

Ultimately, there doesn't seem to be an exact testosterone number that's right for everyone.

最終而言，似乎沒有適合所有人的確切睪固酮量。

Do you have a science question? Do you want to know more about something?

你有任何科學相關的問題嗎？想要多了解某件事情嗎？

Go ahead and tell us down in the comments.

快去留言區告訴我們吧。

But why doesn't the general public have a better understanding of sexuality and sexual health?

為什麼普羅大眾對於性慾或是性健康都沒有更好的了解？

Maybe because we're educating wrong?

或許是因為我們教育內容出了錯？

Julia's got a great video on sex ed—what works and what doesn't. Check that out right here.

Julia 拍攝了一部關於性教育的好影片，講到什麼有用、什麼沒用。點這裡看看吧！

But more recently in 2010, funding was also put towards what's called comprehensive sex ed.

更近期的 2010 年間，也有金援投往所謂的全面性教育。

This can also emphasize waiting to have sex, but it also talks about how to keep yourself safe.

這可能強調不要太早發生性關係，但也討論到如何確保自身安全。

Like how to use a condom, what birth control options are out there, that kind of thing.

像是怎麼使用保險套、市面上有哪些避孕手段等等的事情。

Thank you for watching DNews. We'll see you tomorrow with more videos.

感謝收看DNews，我們明天見。