and what I do is I make paper interactive.

我做的事，就是讓紙張能和人互動

And that's what I say when people ask me what I do,

每當有人問及我的工作，我就是這樣回答

but it really confuses most people,

但是大多數人都不太了解

so really, the best way for me to convey it

因此，對我來說，要讓大家了解我的工作

is to take the technology and be creative

最好就是把科技加上一點創意

and create experiences.

創造出實際的經驗

So I tried to think what I could use for here,

我試著去思考該怎麼做

and a couple of weeks ago I had a crazy idea

幾個星期前，我有了一個瘋狂的想法

that I wanted to print two DJ decks

我想印出兩張DJ台

and to try and mix some music.

然後混合一些音效

And I'm going to try and show that at the end,

演講快結束時，我會試著呈現給大家看

and the suspense will be as much mine if it works.

我很擔心，不知道會不會成功

And I'm not a DJ, and I'm not a musician,

我不是一個DJ，也不是音樂家

so I'm a little bit scared of that.

所以我有點怕怕的

So I think, I found the best way to describe my journey

我想，解釋我為什麼進入這個行業

is just to mention a few little things

最好的方法，就是講幾件

that have happened to me throughout my life.

發生在我人生中的事情

There's three particular things that I've done,

我做過三件很特別的事

and I'll just describe those first,

我決定要先講這些事情

and then talk about some of my work.

然後再談談我的工作

So when I was a kid, I was obsessed with wires,

在我小時候，我對線路很著迷

and I used to thread them under my carpet

我常把線路串在地毯下

and thread them behind the walls

也把線路串在牆壁後方

and have little switches and little speakers,

然後裝一些小開關，小擴音器

and I wanted to make my bedroom be interactive

我想要和我的房間互動

but kind of all hidden away.

但效果似乎沒有那麼顯著

And I was also really interested in wireless as well.

我對無線的東西也很感興趣

So I bought one of those little kits that you could get

我買了一個無線電的配件，就是大家可以拿來

to make a radio transmitter,

製作無線電發射器的工具

and I got an old book and I carved out the inside

我找了一本舊書，把裡面挖空

and I hid it inside there,

然後把我做的無線電器藏在裡面

and then I placed it next to my dad

把它放在我爸旁邊

and snuck back to my bedroom and tuned in on the radio

接下來，我就悄悄的回房間，然後轉開收音機

so I could eavesdrop.

我就能偷聽我爸說話

I was not at all interested in what he was saying.

我對我爸說的事情完全不感興趣

It's more that I just liked the idea

令我感興趣的是

of an everyday object

日常生活用品

having something inside

都有不為人知的一面

and doing something different.

也能拿來做不一樣的事情

Several year later,

幾年後

I managed to successfully fail all of my exams

我試著成功地搞砸所有的考試

and didn't really leave school with much to show for at all,

離開學校時也沒有學到什麼成果

and my parents, maybe as a reward,

這可能算是種獎勵吧，因為我爸媽

bought me what turned out to be

居然給我買了一張

a one-way ticket to Australia,

到澳洲的單程機票

and I came back home about four years later.

我大概四年後才回來

I ended up on a farm in the middle of nowhere.

我在某地中部的農場上

It was in far western New South Wales.

在新南威爾斯州很遠的西方

And this farm was 120,000 acres.

這農場有十二萬英畝大

There were 22,000 sheep,

有兩萬兩千頭羊

and it was about 40 degrees,

溫度差不多在攝氏40度

or 100 or so Fahrenheit.

或是華氏一百度

And on this farm there was the farmer, his wife,

這農場上，有農夫和他的老婆

and there was the four-year-old daughter.

他們還有一個四歲的女兒

And they kind of took me into the farm

他們有點像是帶我進農場

and showed me what it was like to live and work.

然後向我介紹農場的生活及工作

Obviously, one of the most important things was the sheep,

顯然地，那裡最重要的事情就是羊

and so my job was, well, pretty much to do everything,

而我在那裡的工作，就是什麼都要做

but it was about bringing the sheep back to the homestead.

有點像是把羊趕回家這樣

And we'd do that by building fences,

我們會築籬笆

using motorbikes and horses,

利用摩托車和馬匹

and the sheep would make their way all the way back

這些羊在不同季節，就會用牠們自己的方法

to the shearing shed for the different seasons.

回到羊棚裡

And what I learned was,

我從中所學到的

although at the time, like everyone else,

雖然那個時候我和大家一樣

I thought sheep were pretty stupid

覺得羊很笨

because they didn't do what we wanted them to do,

因為牠們不想做我們要牠們做的事情

what I realize now, probably only just in the last few weeks

我現在體認到，可能是最近幾星期才知道的

looking back, is the sheep weren't stupid at all.

回顧過去的日子，我發現羊一點都不笨

We'd put them in an environment where they didn't want to be,

我們把羊群放在一個牠們不想待的環境中

and they didn't want to do what we wanted them to do.

羊群也不想做我們要牠們做的事情

So the challenge was to try and get them

所以有挑戰性的地方在於，要試著讓羊群

to do what we wanted them to do

去做我們想要牠們做的事

by listening to the weather, the lay of the land,

像是聆聽自然的聲音，觀察大地的地形

and creating things that would let the sheep flow

以及創造事物，讓羊群能夠順著走

and go where we wanted them to go.

走到我們要牠們去的地方

Another bunch of years later,

又過了幾年

I ended up at Cambridge University

我人在英國劍橋大學內的

at the Cavendish Laboratory in the U.K.

卡文迪許實驗室

doing a Ph.D. in physics.

寫一篇關於物理的博士論文

My Ph.D. was to move electrons around, one at a time.

我的論文主要關於一次移動一顆電子

And I realize — again, it's kind of these realizations

我發現，再一次，我領悟到的東西

looking back as to what I did —

使我回頭看這些過往的經驗

I realize now that it was pretty much the same

我發現這些事情都很雷同

as moving sheep around.

就像讓羊群移動一樣

It really is.

事實也是如此

It's just you do it by changing an environment.

只不過是換個環境而已

And that's kind of been a big lesson to me,

這對我而言是個很大的體悟

that you can't act on any object.

你沒有辦法影響任何物體

You change its environment, and the object will flow.

你改變環境，物體就跟著改變

So we made it very small,

我們把這些物體做得很小

so things were about 30 nanometers in size;

小到大約只有三十奈米

making it very cold, so at liquid helium temperatures;

我們把它做得很冷，差不多是液態氦的溫度

and changing environment by changing the voltage,

然後透過電壓來改變環境

and the electrons could make flow around a loop

這些電子就能照著圈圈流動

one at a time, on and off, a little memory node.

一次一顆，停停走走，有點記憶模式

And I wanted to go one step further,

我想要更進一步嘗試

and I wanted to move one electron on

一次只讓一個電子移動

and one electron off.

然後一個電子停止

And I was told that I wouldn't be able to do this,

有人告訴我這辦不到

which, you know, as we've heard from other people,

你知道的，我們常常聽到別人這麼說

that's the thing that makes you do it.

這也就是讓你辦到的原因

And I was determined, and I managed to show that I could do that.

我下定決心，要讓別人知道我辦得到

And a lot of that learning, I think,

我覺得，我現在所學到的知識

came from being on that farm,

有一大部分是從那次農場經驗而來

because when I was working on the farm,

當我還在農場工作時

we'd have to use what was around us,

我們只能用周遭的東西

we'd have to use the environment,

我們得利用環境

and there was no such thing

在那，並沒有所謂的

as something can't be done,

辦不到這種事情

because you're in an environment where,

因為你所身處的環境

if you can't do what you need to do,

如果辦不到你得辦的事情

you can die, and, you know,

你就陣亡了

I had seen that sort of thing happen.

我曾經目睹過這類的事情

So now my obsession is printing,

因此，我對列印很狂熱

and I'm really fascinated by the idea

我也深深著迷於

of using conventional printing processes,

用傳統列印流程

so the types of print that are used to create

也就是用來創造

many of the things around us

我們周遭許多事物的流程

to make paper and card interactive.

來讓紙張、卡片和人互動

When I spoke to some printers when I started doing this

剛開始時，我和一些列印商談過

and told them what I wanted to do,

告訴他們我想做的事情

which was to print conductive inks onto paper,

就是把導電油墨印在紙上

they told me it couldn't be done,

他們說這辦不到

again, that kind of favorite thing.

這又再次地激發了我

So I got about 10 credit cards and loans

我拿了差不多十張信用卡去貸款

and got myself very close to bankruptcy, really,

讓我自己瀕臨破產的邊緣

and bought myself this huge printing press,

給我自己買了台這麼大的印刷機

which I had no idea how to use at all.

但我自己卻完全不知道該怎麼用

It was about five meters long,

印刷機差不多有五公尺長

and I covered myself and the floor with ink

我把整間地板還有我自己搞得滿身油墨

and made a massive mess, but I learned to print.

真的是一團亂，但我想知道要怎麼印

And then I took it back to the printers and showed them what I've done,

接著，我把機器拿回印刷廠 告訴他們我做了什麼

and they were like, "Of course you can do that.

他們有點像是說「你當然可以這麼做

Why didn't you come here in the first place?"

你剛開始就找我們不就好了？」

That's always the case.

這一直都是問題所在

So what we do is we take conventional printing presses,

我們採用傳統列印流程

we make conductive inks,

製造導電墨水

and run those through a press, and basically

然後就重覆這一流程

just letting hundreds of thousands of electrons flow

基本上，就是讓數十萬計的電子

through pieces of paper

流過一張張的紙

so we can make that paper interactive.

所以我們能讓紙張互動

And it's pretty simple, really.

這真的很簡單

It's just a collection of things that have been done before,

我們只是蒐集從前做過的東西

but bringing them together in a different way.

然後用不同的方式來結合它們

So we have a piece of paper with conductive ink on,

我們有一張紙還有導電墨水

and then add onto that a small circuit board with a couple of chips,

加上一小塊電路板，還有一兩塊晶片

one to run some capacitive touch software,

有一塊負責電容式觸控軟體

so we know where we've touched it,

這樣我們就會知道碰到了什麼

and the other to run, quite often,

另一塊晶片負責一些無線軟體

some wireless software so the piece of paper can connect.

好讓紙張相互連結

So I'll just describe a couple of things that we've created.

我會描述一些我們創作的事物

There's lots of different things we've created.

我們創作的事物很廣泛

This is one of them, because I love cake.

這就是其中一樣，因為我喜歡蛋糕

And this one, it's a large poster,

而這個，是一張大海報

and you touch it and it has a little speaker behind it,

這後面有個喇叭，只要你碰它

and the poster talks to you when you touch it

這張海報就會和你說話

and asks you a series of questions,

然後問你一串問題

and it works out your perfect cake.

接著找出你要的理想蛋糕

But it doesn't tell you the cake there and then.

但是它不會馬上說出你要的蛋糕

It uploads a picture,

它會上傳一張照片

and the reason why it chose that cake for you,

然後列出為你選這個蛋糕的理由

to our Facebook page and to Twitter.

照片會傳到我們的臉書、推特

So we're trying to create that connection

我們試著創造出

between the physical and the digital,

物理以及數位之間的連結

but have it not looking on a screen,

但是卻不必看著數位螢幕

and just looking like a regular poster.

而只是看一張普通的海報

We've worked with a bunch of universities on a project

我們已經和幾所大學合作

looking at interactive newsprint.

研究互動報紙

So for example, we've created a newspaper,

舉例來說，我們做了一種報紙

a regular newspaper.

很普通的報紙

You can wear a pair of headphones that are connected to it wirelessly,

你可以戴上和報紙透過無線連結的耳機

and when you touch it, you can hear the music

當你碰到報紙，你就會聽到音樂

that's described on the top, which is something you can't read.

在最上方有描述，這是你看不到的

You can hear a press conference

你可以聽到一場會議

as well as reading what the editor has determined

也可以讀到編輯要決定

that press conference was about.

這場會議要談論什麼

And you can press a Facebook "like" button

你可以在臉書上按讚

or you can vote on something as well.

或是投票表決某樣東西

Something else that we created,

我們還創造了其他東西

and this was an idea that I had a couple of years ago,

我在幾年前有了這個想法

and so we've done a project on this.

我們就針對這個想法開專題來研究

It was for funding from the government

是關於從政府方面拿到贊助金

for user-centered design for energy-efficient buildings,

還有使用者導向設計，節能建築

difficult to say, and something I had no idea what it was

這到底是什麼樣的東西，我沒有一點概念

when I went into the workshop, but quickly learned.

直到我走進一家工廠，我馬上就明白了

And we wanted to try and encourage people

我們想要嘗試，也希望鼓勵大家

to use energy better.

來更有效率的使用能源

And I really liked the idea that, instead of looking at dials

我真的很喜歡這想法 而不是看看儀器上的指針

and reading things to say --

還有翻翻一些資料

looking at your energy usage,

像是看看你們使用能源的方法

I wanted to create a poster that was wirelessly connected

我想做出一種透過無線連結的海報

and had color-changing inks on it,

上面印有變色墨水

and so if your energy usage was trending better,

所以說，如果你更有效率地使用能源

than the leaves would appear and the rabbits would appear

樹葉就會出現，兔子也會跑出來

and all would be good.

這就是好現象

And if it wasn't, then there'd be graffiti

如果能源沒有有效地應用，就會出現噴漆

and the leaves would fall off the trees.

樹葉就會從樹上落下

So it was trying to make you look after something

所以，這就像是要你期待某件事

in your immediate environment,

在一個緊急的環境下

which you don't want to see not looking so good,

你不想要看到看起來不好的事物

rather than expecting people to do things

而是希望別人去做這些事

in the local environment because of the effect

因為這些影響

that it has a long way off.

是很長遠的

And I think, kind of like going back to the farm,

我覺得這有點像回到那個農場

it's about how to let people do what you want them to do

關於該如何讓人們做你希望他們做的事情

rather than making people do what you want them to do.

而不是強迫他們去做那些事

Okay.

好

So this is the bit I'm really scared of.

我現在真的很怕

So a couple of things I've created are,

我做的一些東西包括

there's a poster over here

這裡的這張海報

that you can play drums on.

以及那邊那個你可以打的鼓

And I am not a musician. It seemed like a good idea at the time.

我不是一個音樂家，先和你們說清楚比較好

If anyone wants to try and play drums, then they can.

如果有人想要上來玩，我很歡迎

I'll just describe how this works.

我只是解釋一下它的原理

This poster is wirelessly connected to my cell phone,

這張海報透過無線連結到我的手機

and when you touch it, it connects to the app.

當你碰它，它就會連結到應用程式

(Drums)

（鼓聲）

And it has really good response time.

它反應的很快

It's using Bluetooth 4, so it's pretty instantaneous.

使用的是藍芽4.0，所以才有這麼好的反應

Okay. Thanks.

好，謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And there's a couple of other things.

還有些其他的事情

So this one is like a sound board,

這一塊有點像音版

so you can touch it, and I just love these horrible noises.

你一碰它，就會發出一些我超愛的恐怖聲音

(Sirens, explosions, breaking glass)

（警笛聲、爆炸聲、坡璃被打破的聲音）

Okay, and this is a D.J. turntable.

這個是一座DJ台

So it's wirelessly linked to my iPad,

也是透過無線連結到我的iPad

and this is a software that's running on the iPad.

這是在iPad上執行的軟體

Oh, yes. I just love doing that.

噢，我真的很喜歡這麼做

I'm not a D.J., though, but I just always wanted to do that.

雖然我不是一個DJ，但我很喜歡這麼做

(Scratching)

（轉DJ台所發出的聲音）

So I have a crossfader, and I have the two decks.

我有一個平滑轉換器，兩個轉盤

So I've made some new technology,

我創造了一些新科技

and I love things being creative,