Name: 清明節 (Qingming Festival)
Uploaded: 2016-06-16T01:53:02.000Z
Duration: 8 min 6 s

The Qingming or Ching Ming Festival, also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day in

English, is a traditional Chinese festival on the first day of the fifth

英文，是中國傳統節日五月初一的節日。

solar term of the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar. This makes it the

中國傳統農曆的太陽節。這使得它成為

15th day after the Spring Equinox, either 4 or 5 April in a given year.

春分後的第15天，即某年的4月4日或5日。

Other common translations include Chinese Memorial Day and Ancestors' Day.

其他常見的翻譯包括中國紀念日和祖先'日。

Qingming has been regularly observed as a statutory public holiday in China. In

清明一直是中國的法定公休日，定期舉行。在

Taiwan, the public holiday is now always observed on 5 April to honor the death

臺灣現在都是4月5日公休日，以紀念逝者

of Chiang Kai-shek on that day in 1975. It became a public holiday in mainland

1975年這一天，蔣介石的。這一天成為大陸的公共假日

China in 2008. In the mainland, the holiday is

2008年，中國。在大陸，這個節日是

associated with the consumption of qingtuan, green dumplings made of

glutinous rice and barley grass. In Taiwan, the similar confection is known

糯米和大麥草。在臺灣，類似的點心被稱為

as caozaiguo or shuchuguo. A similar holiday is observed in the

作為曹宅國或shuchuguo。類似的節日也出現在中國。

Ryukyu Islands, called Shīmī in the local language.

琉球群島，當地語言稱為Shīmī。

Origin  The festival originated from the Cold

Food Festival, established by Chong'er, Duke Wen of Jin, during the Spring and

美食節，是晉文公崇'爾在春和期間設立的。

Autumn period. The festival was a memorial for his retainer Jie Zitui, who

秋期。祭祀是為了紀念他的侍從傑子兌，他。

had loyally followed him during his years of exile. Supposedly, he once even

在他流亡的歲月裡，他一直忠誠地追隨他。據說，他曾經甚至

cut meat from his own thigh to provide Chong'er with soup. Once Chong'er was

從自己的大腿上割肉，為崇'兒提供湯水。有一次，崇'兒

enthroned as duke, however, Jie considered his services no longer

晉封為公，但桀認為自己的功勞已經不在了。

required and resigned. Although Duke Wen was generous in rewarding those who had

所需而辭去。雖然文公慷慨地獎勵了那些有

helped him in his time of need, he long passed over Jie, who had moved into the

在他需要的時候幫助了他，他早已超過了搬進來的阿杰。

forest with his mother. Duke Wen went to the forest in 636 BC but could not find

和他的母親一起到森林裡去。公元前636年，文公到森林裡去，但沒有找到。

them. He then ordered his men to set fire to the forest in order to force Jie

他們。於是，他命令手下放火燒林，以逼迫阿杰。

out. When Jie and his mother were killed instead, the duke was overcome with

出。當阿杰和他的母親反而被殺時，公爵被征服了。

remorse and ordered three days without fire to honor Jie's memory. The city

悔恨不已，下令三天不放火，以紀念傑'。市

erected over the former forest is still called Jiexiu.

The present importance of the holiday is credited to the Tang Emperor Xuanzong.

現在對節日的重視，是唐玄宗的功勞。

Wealthy citizens in China were reportedly holding too many extravagant

據報道，中國的富人持有太多奢侈的東西。

and ostentatiously expensive ceremonies in honor of their ancestors. In AD 732,

以及為紀念他們的祖先而舉行的奢華昂貴的儀式。公元732年。

Emperor Xuanzong sought to curb this practice by declaring that such respects

玄宗為了遏制這種做法，宣佈這種尊重

could be formally paid only once a year, on Qingming.

每年只能正式支付一次，在清明。

Celebration  Qingming Festival is when Chinese people

visit the columbarium, graves or burial grounds to pray to their ancestors.

到骨灰堂、墳墓或墓地向祖先祈禱。

The Qingming Festival is an opportunity for celebrants to remember and honour

清明節是慶祝者緬懷和紀念的機會。

their ancestors at grave sites. Young and old pray before the ancestors, sweep

他們的祖先在墳地。老老少少在祖先面前祈禱，掃墓，掃墓，掃墓。

the tombs and offer food, tea, wine, chopsticks, joss paper accessories,

墓，並提供食物、茶、酒、筷子、香紙等配件。

and/or libations to the ancestors. The rites have a long tradition in Asia,

和/或向祖先敬酒。這種儀式在亞洲有著悠久的傳統。

especially among farmers. Some people carry willow branches with them on

特別是在農民中。有的人隨身攜帶柳枝，在

Qingming or put willow branches on their gates and/or front doors. They believe

清明或在大門和/或前門上插上柳枝。他們認為

that willow branches help ward off the evil spirit that wanders on Qingming.

那柳枝有助於抵禦清明時節遊蕩的邪氣。

On Qingming, people go on family outings, start the spring plowing, sing,

清明，人們舉家出遊，開始春耕，唱歌。

and dance. Qingming is also a time when young couples traditionally start

和舞蹈。清明也是年輕夫婦傳統上開始的時間。

courting. Another popular thing to do is to fly kites in the shapes of animals or

求愛。另一種流行的做法是放風箏，風箏的形狀為動物或

characters from Chinese opera. Another common practice is to carry flowers

戲曲中的人物。另一種常見的做法是攜帶鮮花

instead of burning paper, incense, or firecrackers.

Despite having no official status, the overseas Chinese communities in

儘管沒有正式的身份，但中國的海外華僑華人社團在中國的地位卻很高。

Southeast Asian nations, such as those in Singapore and Malaysia, take this

東南亞國家，如新加坡、馬來西亞等國，把這。

festival seriously and observe its traditions faithfully. Some Qingming

認真對待節日，忠實地遵守其傳統。一些清明

rituals and ancestral veneration decorum observed by the oversea Chinese in

Malaysia and Singapore can be dated back to Ming and Qing dynasties, as the

馬來西亞和新加坡的歷史可以追溯到明清時期，因為。

oversea communities were not affected by the Cultural Revolution in Mainland

海外社區沒有受到內地文化大革命的影響。

China. Qingming in Malaysia is an elaborate family function or a clan

中國的清明。在馬來西亞，清明是一種精心設計的家庭活動或宗族的

feast to commemorate and honour recently deceased relatives at their grave sites

and distant ancestors from China at home altars, clan temples or makeshift altars

in Buddhist or Taoist temples. For the oversea Chinese community, the Qingming

在佛教或道教寺廟中。對於海外華人社區來說，清明

festival is very much a family celebration and, at the same time, a

慶典在很大程度上是一個家庭慶典，同時，也是一個很有意義的活動。

family obligation. They see this festival as a time of reflection and to

家庭義務。他們把這個節日看作是一個反思的時刻，也是為了

honour and give thanks to their forefathers. Overseas Chinese normally

紀念和感恩祖先。海外華人通常

visit the graves of their recently deceased relatives on the nearest

祭拜最近去世的親屬的墳墓，在最近的地方

weekend to the actual date. According to the ancient custom, grave site

週末到實際日期。按照古人的習俗，墳地

veneration is only feasible ten days before and after the Qingming Festival.

If the visit is not on the actual date, normally veneration before Qingming is

如果不是在實際日期訪問，通常在清明前祭拜。

encouraged. The Qingming Festival in Malaysia and Singapore normally starts

鼓勵。馬來西亞和新加坡的清明節通常會從

early in the morning by paying respect to distant ancestors from China at home

altars. This is followed by visiting the graves of close relatives in the

祭壇。之後是去拜祭近親的墳墓，在。

country. Some follow the concept of filial piety to the extent of visiting

國。有的人遵循孝道的理念，以至於去看望

the graves of their ancestors in mainland China. Traditionally, the

在中國大陸的祖先的墓地。傳統上

family will burn spirit money and paper replicas of material goods such as cars,

家裡會燒靈錢和汽車等物質的紙質複製品。

homes, phones and paper servants. In Chinese culture, it is believed that

家、電話和紙傭。在中國文化中，人們認為

people still need all of those things in the afterlife. Then family members take

人在來世還是需要這些東西的。然後，家人把

turns to kowtow three to nine times before the tomb of the ancestors. The

轉身在祖先的墓前磕頭三至九次。的

Kowtowing ritual in front of the grave is performed in the order of patriarchal

seniority within the family. After the ancestor worship at the grave site, the

家族內的資歷。在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後，在墳地祭拜祖先後。

whole family or the whole clan feast on the food and drink they brought for the

worship either at the site or in nearby gardens in the memorial park, signifying

在遺址或附近的紀念公園的花園中進行祭拜，表示

family reunion with the ancestors. Another ritual related to the festival

家人與祖先團聚。另一個與節日有關的儀式

is the cockfight, as well as being available within that historic and

是鬥雞，以及在這一歷史性的和可。

cultural context at Kaifeng Millennium City Park.

The holiday is often marked by people paying respects to those who died in

在這個節日裡，人們往往會祭奠死難者。

events considered sensitive. The April Fifth Movement and the Tiananmen

被認為敏感的事件。四五運動和天安門事件

Incident were major events in Chinese history which occurred on Qingming. When

事件是中國歷史上發生在清明的重大事件。當

Premier Zhou Enlai died in 1976, thousands visited him during the

周恩來總理1976年逝世，期間有數千人去看望他。

festival to pay their respects. Many also pay respects to victims of the

祭奠他們。許多人還會向受害者致敬。

Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and Zhao Ziyang.

1989年的天安門廣場抗議和趙紫陽。

In Chinese tea culture  The Qingming festival holiday has a

在中國茶文化中 清明節假期有一個

significance in the Chinese tea culture since this specific day divides the

在中國茶文化中具有重要意義，因為這個特定的日子將中國的茶文化劃分為

fresh green teas by their picking dates. Green teas made from leaves picked

新鮮綠茶的採摘日期。由採摘的葉子製成的綠茶

before this date are given the prestigious 'pre-qingming' designation

which commands a much higher price tag. These teas are prized for having much

這命令一個更高的價格標籤。這些茶是珍貴的有很多

lighter and subtler aromas than those picked after the festival.

比節後採摘的香氣更淡、更柔和。

In painting  The famous Qingming scroll by Zhang

Zeduan is an ancient Chinese painting which portrays the scene of Kaifeng

擇端是一幅描繪開封景象的中國古代繪畫作品

city, the capital of the Song Dynasty during a Qingming festival.

In literature  Qingming was frequently mentioned in

在文學作品中，清明經常被提及

Chinese literature. Among these, the most famous one is probably Du Mu's

中國文學。其中，最著名的可能是杜牧'的《。

poem: Although the date is not presently a

holiday in Vietnam, the Qingming festival is mentioned in the epic poem

The Tale of Kieu, when the protagonist Kieu meets a ghost of a dead old lady.

奇奧的故事》，當主角奇奧遇到一個死去的老太太的鬼魂。

The description of the scenery during this festival is one of the best-known

描寫節日期間的景物，是最著名的之一。

passages of Vietnamese literature: See also