Name: 【TEDx】Tyler DeWitt：嘿科學教師們-- 使學習有趣些吧 Hey science teachers -- make it fun
Uploaded: 2013-04-22T08:33:14.000Z
Duration: 14 min 8 s

It's my first year as a new high school science teacher,

現在是我第一年當高中科學教師，

程度副詞

I'm so excited, I'm pouring myself into my lesson plans.

我非常興奮，把自己完全投入了課程的安排之中。

But I'm slowly coming to this horrifying realization

然而我慢慢理解到一個恐怖的事實

that my students just might not be learning anything.

是我的學生們可能其實什麼也沒有學到。

I'd just assigned my class to read this textbook chapter

我指定了我們班讀課本裡的一章

about my favorite subject in all of biology:

是有關於生物學中我最喜歡的部份：

And so I'm so excited to discuss this with them,

因此我非常興奮要與他們討論這課題，

and I come in and I say, "Can somebody please explain

而當我切入話題時，「請哪一位可以解釋一下

這裡的主要概念以及這個概念為什麼這麼酷？」

Finally, my favorite student, she looks me straight in the eye,

終於，我最喜愛的學生，她直直看著我的眼

And then she clarified. She said, "You know what,

接下來她澄清道說，「你知道嗎，

I don't mean that it sucks. It means that I didn't understand a word of it.

我不是說這課題很糟。我的意思是我無法明白這裡任何一個字。」

It's boring. Um, who cares, and it sucks."

這很無聊。而且，誰管它，這就是很糟。」

and I realize that all of my other students are in the same boat,

而我了解我所有其他學生都在同樣的情況裡，

that maybe they took notes or they memorized definitions from the textbook,

就是雖然他們記筆記或是記下課本裡的定義，

but not one of them really understood the main ideas.

但是他們中沒有一位真正理解主要概念。

Not one of them can tell me why this stuff is so cool,

他們沒有一位能夠告訴我為什麼這東西如此酷，

我完全不知道下一步該怎麼作。

「聽著。讓我來跟你們說個故事吧。

The main characters in the story are bacteria and viruses.

在這故事裡面的主角是細菌和病毒。

These guys are blown up a couple million times.

這兩位先生被放大了幾百萬倍。

The real bacteria and viruses are so small

我們不用顯微鏡是無法看見牠們的，

and you guys might know bacteria and viruses

But what a lot of people don't know is that viruses

Now, the story that I start telling my kids,

現在，這是我告訴我孩子們的故事，

Once upon a time there's this happy little bacterium.

很久以前有一隻小小快樂的細菌。

Maybe he's floating around in your stomach

and all of a sudden he starts to not feel so good.

大概是牠午餐吃了些不好的東西，

as his skin rips apart, and he sees a virus

when he bursts open and an army of viruses

如果你看到這，而你是隻細菌，

you cross those little legs of yours and you think,

你會交叉你那小小的雙腿想著，

Because it took a lot of crafty work to infect this bacterium.

因為要感染這隻細菌需要很多精密的工作。

The next thing is, that virus DNA made stuff

接著發生的事，病毒的DNA會生產物質

And now that we've gotten rid of the bacteria DNA,

然後現在我們就搞定了細菌的DNA

and it tells it to start making more viruses.

並告訴這個細胞開始生成更多的病毒

Because, you see, DNA is like a blueprint

So this is kind of like going into a car factory

and replacing the blueprints with blueprints for killer robots.

然後把他們的工程藍圖偷偷換成機器人殺手的藍圖。

The workers still come the next day, they do their job,

第二天工廠工人仍然來，完成他們的工作，

but they're following different instructions.

只是現在他們遵從不同的指示。

So replacing the bacteria DNA with virus DNA

turns the bacteria into a factory for making viruses --

就會把細菌轉化成製造病毒的工廠--

that is, until it's so filled with viruses that it bursts.

就是，直到病毒塞爆這隻細菌。

But that's not the only way that viruses infect bacteria.

但是這不是病毒感染細菌的唯一方式。

When a secret agent virus infects a bacterium,

當特務病毒要感染一隻細菌時，

Here, this cloaked, secret agent virus is slipping his DNA into the bacterial cell,

這隻穿著夜行衣的特務病毒正要植入它的DNA到細菌細胞中，

but here's the kicker: It doesn't do anything harmful -- not at first.

但最厲害的是這個：它不會做任何有傷害性的動作——至少一開始不會

Instead, it silently slips into the bacteria's own DNA,

相反地，它悄悄将自己的DNA塞入細菌，

and it just stays there like a terrorist sleeper cell,

然後就待在那像是一個小歇中的恐怖份子，

And what's interesting about this is now whenever this bacteria has babies,

有趣的是，現在只要這隻細菌有了小孩，

the babies also have the virus DNA in them.

它的小孩們也會帶有病毒的DNA。

So now we have a whole extended bacteria family,

所以現在有了一整個家族的細菌，

They're just happily living together until a signal happens

他們一同快樂地住在一起直到信號發生

It takes control of these cells, turns them into virus-making factories,

奪下了這些細胞，把它們變成病毒工廠，

all dying with viruses spilling out of their guts,

So now you understand how viruses can attack cells.

現在你就知道病毒如何攻擊細胞。

There are two ways: On the left is what we call the lytic way,

有兩種方式：左邊的我們叫做裂解性，

where the viruses go right in and take over the cells.

也就是病毒直接攻擊然後奪下細胞。

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【TEDx】Tyler DeWitt：嘿科學教師們-- 使學習有趣些吧 Hey science teachers -- make it fun

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