Salaam alaikum.

歡迎來到杜哈。

Welcome to Doha.

我負責保障本國的糧食供應。

I am in charge of making this country's food secure.

在未來兩年，我的工作是

That is my job for the next two years,

設計一個總體計畫

to design an entire master plan,

並於十年內執行本計劃－

and then for the next 10 years to implement it --

當然，這需要眾人攜手合作。

of course, with so many other people.

首先我想告訴大家一個故事，這是我的故事，

But first, I need to talk to you about a story, which is my story,

有關你們此時所在的這個國家。

about the story of this country that you're all here in today.

想必，大多數聽眾今天都已用過三餐。

And of course, most of you have had three meals today,

或許演講結束後還會繼續。

and probably will continue to have after this event.

那麼想一下，1940年代時，卡達是什麼情形？

So going in, what was Qatar in the 1940s?

當時本國大約有一萬一千名居民。

We were about 11,000 people living here.

此處沒有水源、沒有能源、 沒有石油、沒有汽車，什麽都沒有

There was no water. There was no energy, no oil, no cars, none of that.

大多數居住於此的人

Most of the people who lived here

不是住在沿海村莊，以捕魚維生，

either lived in coastal villages, fishing,

就是過著遊牧生活，四處尋找水源。

or were nomads who roamed around with the environment trying to find water.

今日眾位所見的繁華在昨日並不存在。

None of the glamour that you see today existed.

亦無今日杜哈、杜拜、阿布達比、科威特或利雅德的繁華

No cities like you see today in Doha or Dubai or Abu Dhabi or Kuwait or Riyadh.

這並非由於人們無能開發都市，

It wasn't that they couldn't develop cities.

而是由於資源極度缺乏，無法開發。

Resources weren't there to develop them.

你們可以發現，那時的人壽命十分短暫。

And you can see that life expectancy was also short.

大多數人50歲左右就去世了。

Most people died around the age of 50.

接著，我們進入第二章：石油時代。

So let's move to chapter two: the oil era.

1939年，人們發現了石油。

1939, that's when they discovered oil.

但不幸的是，大規模商業性質的石油開採

But unfortunately, it wasn't really fully exploited commercially

到了二次世界大戰結束後才開始。

until after the Second World War.

石油造成什麼影響？

What did it do?

石油改變了本國的面貌，大家今日有目共睹。

It changed the face of this country, as you can see today and witness.

石油也使得那些在沙漠中四處遷徙、

It also made all those people who roamed around the desert --

尋找水源和食物、費心照料牲口的牧民

looking for water, looking for food,

走向都市化。

trying to take care of their livestock -- urbanize.

你們或許感到奇怪，

You might find this strange,

但我的家族成員都擁有不同口音。

but in my family we have different accents.

我母親與父親的口音截然不同。

My mother has an accent that is so different to my father,

而我們都是土生土長的30萬卡達居民之一。

and we're all a population of about 300,000 people in the same country.

我說話時就用到大約五、六種口音。

There are about five or six accents in this country as I speak.

有人質疑「為何如此？這是怎麼回事？」

Someone says, "How so? How could this happen?"

這是因為以往我們散居各處。

Because we lived scattered.

僅僅由於資源缺乏，因此我們無法群居生活。

We couldn't live in a concentrated way simply because there was no resources.

當資源－例如石油－出現後

And when the resources came, be it oil,

我們開始發展這些先進技術

we started building these fancy technologies

將人們聚集起來 因為我們需要群眾的力量。

and bringing people together because we needed the concentration.

人們開始彼此認識。

People started to get to know each other.

我們才發現彼此擁有不同口音。

And we realized that there are some differences in accents.

這就是第二章：石油時代。

So that is the chapter two: the oil era.

我們談談如今的情況。

Let's look at today.

這或許是大多數人所知的杜哈天際線

This is probably the skyline that most of you know about Doha.

如今的人口是多少？

So what's the population today?

大約170萬

It's 1.7 million people.

這是在不到60年間所取得的成果。

That is in less than 60 years.

過去5年，本國經濟平均增長率大約為15%。

The average growth of our economy is about 15 percent for the past five years.

平均壽命增加到78歲。

Lifespan has increased to 78.

平均用水量上升到430公升。

Water consumption has increased to 430 liters.

可說是全球最高的用水量。

And this is amongst the highest worldwide.

從缺乏水源

From having no water whatsoever

轉變成高度用水量，勝於世上任何國家。

to consuming water to the highest degree, higher than any other nation.

我不知道這是否是缺水造成的反效果。

I don't know if this was a reaction to lack of water.

但這個故事中令人感興趣之處為何？

But what is interesting about the story that I've just said?

令人感興趣的是過去5年中，每年經濟增長率

The interesting part is that we continue to grow

在缺乏水源的情況下，依然維持15%。

15 percent every year for the past five years without water.

這具有歷史意義。可說是史無前例的。

Now that is historic. It's never happened before in history.

過去，城市由於缺乏水源而走向衰敗。

Cities were totally wiped out because of the lack of water.

這是本國于此地區所創造的歷史。

This is history being made in this region.

我們建造的不僅僅是一座座的城市，

Not only cities that we're building,

而是一座座充滿夢想的城市， 在這裡人們期待成為科學家和醫生、

but cities with dreams and people who are wishing to be scientists, doctors.

建造美麗的家園、請建築師設計自己房子。

Build a nice home, bring the architect, design my house.

這些人的毅力使這片不宜居住的土地改頭換面。

These people are adamant that this is a livable space when it wasn't.

當然，這必須藉助科技的力量。

But of course, with the use of technology.

巴西擁有每年1782毫米的降雨量。

So Brazil has 1,782 millimeters per year of precipitation of rain.

而卡達僅有74毫米，但我們達到這一經濟增長率。

Qatar has 74, and we have that growth rate.

問題在於如何做到這一點。

The question is how.

我們如何在這種情況下生存？

How could we survive that?

我們依然缺乏水源。

We have no water whatsoever.

僅僅由於這座龐大的名為海水淡化裝置的機器。

Simply because of this gigantic, mammoth machine called desalination.

能源是其中的關鍵因素，它改變了一切。

Energy is the key factor here. It changed everything.

正是我們從地底抽出、大量使用的石油

It is that thing that we pump out of the ground, we burn tons of,

或許大部分聽眾正是藉其前來杜哈。

probably most of you used it coming to Doha.

因此這就相當於我們的湖泊，如果你能想像。

So that is our lake, if you can see it.

相當於我們的河流。

That is our river.

這正是大家有水可用的原因。

That is how you all happen to use and enjoy water.

這是本國有史以來最偉大的科技：海水淡化裝置

This is the best technology that this region could ever have: desalination.

那麼，其中有何風險？

So what are the risks?

你會不會很擔心？

Do you worry much?

我的看法是，如果觀察全球情況，

I would say, perhaps if you look at the global facts,

你們將意識到我不得不憂心

you will realize, of course I have to worry.

人口與各項需求與日俱增

There is growing demand, growing population.

僅在數月前，全球人口達到了70億。

We've turned seven billion only a few months ago.

隨之而來的是對糧食的需求。

And so that number also demands food.

根據預測，到了2050年，全球人口將達90億。

And there's predictions that we'll be nine billion by 2050.

因此一個缺乏水源的國家

So a country that has no water

不得不擔憂國境以外的情況。

has to worry about what happens beyond its borders.

飲食結構亦發生變化。

There's also changing diets.

隨著社會經濟水平的逐漸提高，

By elevating to a higher socio-economic level,

人們的飲食習慣亦發生改變。

they also change their diet.

例如說，人們開始消耗更多肉類等等。

They start eating more meat and so on and so forth.

但另一方面，因為氣候變化和其它因素，

On the other hand, there is declining yields

糧食產量逐漸減少。

because of climate change and because of other factors.

因此人們必須確實意識到即將發生的危機。

And so someone has to really realize when the crisis is going to happen.

有些人可能不知情，可是卡達的情況是

This is the situation in Qatar, for those who don't know.

我們僅擁有兩天的淡水儲備量，

We only have two days of water reserve.

國內 90% 的糧食都是仰賴進口，

We import 90 percent of our food,

全國的耕地面積不到國土的 1%。

and we only cultivate less than one percent of our land.

為數不多的農民

The limited number of farmers that we have

已由於市場開放政策及引進的外來競爭等因素

have been pushed out of their farming practices

被擠出農業行業。

as a result of open market policy and bringing the big competitions, etc., etc.

因此我們亦面臨某些風險。

So we also face risks.

這些風險直接影響國家的永續發展。

These risks directly affect the sustainability of this nation and its continuity.

問題是，是否存在解決這些風險的方案？

The question is, is there a solution?

是否存在一個永續的解決方案？

Is there a sustainable solution?

這確實存在。

Indeed there is.

這張投影片總結了數千頁科技文獻，

This slide sums up thousands of pages of technical documents

這是我們過去兩年的研究成果。

that we've been working on over the past two years.

我們從水源談起。

Let's start with the water.

現在大家十分清楚，如之前所言，我們需要能源。

So we know very well -- I showed you earlier -- that we need this energy.

如果我們需要能源，該使用何種能源？

So if we're going to need energy, what sort of energy?

耗竭性能源？化石燃料？

A depletable energy? Fossil fuel?

或者我們該採取其他選擇？

Or should we use something else?

我們使用另一類能源的話，能否取得相對優勢？

Do we have the comparative advantage to use another sort of energy?

我想大多數聽眾已意識到，我們的確具有相對優勢： 每年300天的日照

I guess most of you by now realize that we do: 300 days of sun.

因此我們將使用這種可再生能源，製造我們極需的淡水。

And so we will use that renewable energy to produce the water that we need.

我們會使用1800兆瓦的太陽能系統

And we will probably put 1,800 megawatts of solar systems

生產350萬立方公尺淡水。

to produce 3.5 million cubic meters of water.

水產量十分龐大。

And that is a lot of water.

這些水將供給農民，

That water will go then to the farmers,

那麼農民就能用水灌溉作物，

and the farmers will be able to water their plants,

也可為社會提供糧食。

and they will be able then to supply society with food.

但為了支撐這一橫軸線的計畫—

But in order to sustain the horizontal line --

因為這是我們預定設置的項目和系統－

because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver --

縱軸線上，我們也需要發展

we need to also develop the vertical line:

支撐系統：高等教育、研究開發、

system sustenance, high-level education, research and development,

工業、科技等，用以發展應用技術，最後是市場行銷。

industries, technologies, to produce these technologies for application, and finally markets.

但能使之持之以恆，須建立法律、政策和規章。

But what gels all of it, what enables it, is legislation, policies, regulations.

若沒有這些，一切都是空談。

Without it we can't do anything.

這就是我們的計畫。

So that's what we are planning to do.

我們希望於兩年內完成這一計畫，

Within two years we should hopefully be done with this plan

實施這一計劃。

and taking it to implementation.

我們的目標是成為屹立千年的城市， 如同周遭眾多歷史悠久的城市：

Our objective is to be a millennium city, just like many millennium cities around:

伊斯坦堡、羅馬、倫敦、巴黎、大馬士革、開羅。

Istanbul, Rome, London, Paris, Damascus, Cairo.

我國僅擁有60年歷史 但我們希望成為屹立不倒的城市，

We are only 60 years old, but we want to live forever

生活在和平世界。

as a city, to live in peace.

十分感謝。

Thank you very much.

（掌聲）

(Applause)