I'm not sure that every person here

是否熟悉我的作品。

is familiar with my pictures.

我想先向你們展示幾幅作品

I want to start to show just a few pictures to you,

然後我再接著說。

and after I'll speak.

我必須介紹一下我的生平，

I must speak to you a little bit of my history,

因為在接下來的演講中

because we'll be speaking on this

我們會談到它。

during my speech here.

1944年我出生於巴西，

I was born in 1944 in Brazil,

當時的巴西尚未施行市場經濟

in the times that Brazil was not yet a market economy.

我出生在農場，

I was born on a farm,

農場至少有一半的土地是雨林【現在仍然是】。

a farm that was more than 50 percent rainforest [still].

很美的地方。

A marvelous place.

我和珍禽奇獸一起生活，

I lived with incredible birds, incredible animals,

我和凱門鱷在小河中嬉戲。

I swam in our small rivers with our caimans.

農場裡大約有35戶人家，

It was about 35 families that lived on this farm,

我們自給自足。

and everything that we produced on this farm, we consumed.

幾乎不向市場供給。

Very few things went to the market.

一年中唯一的一次供給

Once a year, the only thing that went to the market

是我們飼養的牛。

was the cattle that we produced,

我們要花45天的時間

and we made trips of about 45 days

才能到達屠宰場，

to reach the slaughterhouse,

趕着上千頭牛

bringing thousands of head of cattle,

然後再花20天的時間返回

and about 20 days traveling back

到達我們的農場。

to reach our farm again.

我15歲的時候，

When I was 15 years old,

差不多是要離這個地方的時候了

it was necessary for me to leave this place

去一個大一點的小鎮，其實大很多

and go to a town a little bit bigger -- much bigger --

我在那裡完成了中學的後半部分的學業。

where I did the second part of secondary school.

我在那裡學到了很多。

There I learned different things.

巴西開始邁向城市化和工業化，

Brazil was starting to urbanize, industrialize,

我了解當時的政治。我變的有點激進，

and I knew the politics. I became a little bit radical,

我是一名左翼份子，

I was a member of leftist parties,

接著我變成一名活躍人士。

and I became an activist.

我想成為一名經濟學家，所以我上了大學。

I [went to] university to become an economist.

並且我拿到了經濟學碩士學位。

I [did] a master's degree in economics.

而我人生中最重要的一件事

And the most important thing in my life

也在那時發生。

also happened in this time.

我遇見了一位非常非常棒的女孩

I met an incredible girl

她成為我的人生伴侶，

who became my lifelong best friend,

她參與我到現在為止做的所有事情，

and my associate in everything that I have done till now,

我的妻子，Lélia Wanick Salgado.

my wife, Lélia Wanick Salgado.

當時，巴西非常的激進。

Brazil radicalized very strongly.

我們和當時的獨裁進行了艱苦的鬥爭

We fought very hard against the dictatorship,

就在那時，我們必須要：

in a moment it was necessary to us:

武裝起來，秘密活動

Either go into clandestinity with weapons in hand,

或者離開巴西。我們當時太年輕，

or leave Brazil. We were too young,

我們的組織以為離開是最好的選擇，

and our organization thought it was better for us to go out,

所以我們去了法國，

and we went to France,

我在那裡拿到了經濟學的博士學位，

where I did a PhD in economics,

Léila 成為一名建築師。

Léila became an architect.

我在一家投資銀行工作。

I worked after for an investment bank.

我們經常出差，協同世界銀行

We made a lot of trips, financed development,

在非洲建設金融項目。

economic projects in Africa with the World Bank.

有一天，攝影闖進，並完全佔據了我的生活。

And one day photography made a total invasion in my life.

我成為了一名攝影師，

I became a photographer,

放棄了當時擁有的一切，

abandoned everything and became a photographer,

成為一名攝影師，開始攝影

and I started to do the photography

那對我來說很重要。

that was important for me.

很多人對我說：你是一名攝影記者，

Many people tell me that you are a photojournalist,

一名人類學攝影師，

that you are an anthropologist photographer,

一名激進派攝影師。

that you are an activist photographer.

我做的其實比上述更多。

But I did much more than that.

我把攝影視為我的生命。

I put photography as my life.

我生活在攝影裡

I lived totally inside photography

從事長期項目

doing long term projects,

我想向你們展示幾幅作品

and I want to show you just a few pictures

你們會再次看見這些社會項目的內在

of -- again, you'll see inside the social projects,

我出版了很多本書

that I went to, I published many books

書裡面是我拍攝的照片，

on these photographs,

但是我現在只展示幾張。

but I'll just show you a few ones now.

90年代，從1994年到2000年，

In the '90s, from 1994 to 2000,

我用攝影記錄一個叫做《遷徙》的故事

I photographed a story called Migrations.

我把它出版成了書，也辦過了展覽。

It became a book. It became a show.

在那期間，我在拍攝這個，

But during the time that I was photographing this,

我人生中有過一段很艱難的歲月，大部分時間在盧旺達。

I lived through a very hard moment in my life, mostly in Rwanda.

我目睹了在盧旺達的暴行，

I saw in Rwanda total brutality.

我每天都目睹上千人死去。

I saw deaths by thousands per day.

我對人類失去了信心，

I lost my faith in our species.

我當時覺得人類已經快要滅亡了，

I didn't believe that it was possible for us to live any longer,

病菌開始侵入我的身體。

and I started to be attacked by my own Staphylococcus.

我全身都感染，

I started to have infection everywhere.

我和我妻子親熱的時候，射不出精液；

When I made love with my wife, I had no sperm that came out of me;

是血。

I had blood.

我去巴黎找一個朋友的醫生，

I went to see a friend's doctor in Paris,

我告訴他我病的很嚴重。

told him that I was completely sick.

他檢查了很長時間，然後和我說：

He made a long examination, and told me, "Sebastian,

Sebastian，你沒有病，你的前列腺沒有問題。

you are not sick, your prostate is perfect.

你病的這麼嚴重，是因為你目睹那麼多死亡，

What happened is, you saw so many deaths that you are dying.

你必須停下來，停下來。

You must stop. Stop.

你必須要停下來，不然，你會死去。

You must stop because on the contrary, you will be dead."

我決定要停下來。

And I made the decision to stop.

攝影令我心煩意亂

I was really upset with photography,

世界上的一切令我心煩意亂，

with everything in the world,

我決定要回到我出生的地方。

and I made the decision to go back to where I was born.

很巧，

It was a big coincidence.

那時我的父母年紀也大了。

It was the moment that my parents became very old.

我有7個姐妹，我是家中唯一的男孩，

I have seven sisters. I'm one of the only men in my family,

他們一起做了一個決定，

and they made together the decision

把那塊土地轉到我和Léila的名下。

to transfer this land to Léila and myself.

當我接手這塊土地的時候，它和我一樣，都病入膏肓了。

When we received this land, this land was as dead as I was.

當我還是個孩子的時候，農場至少有一半的土地是雨林

When I was a kid, it was more than 50 percent rainforest.

當我們接手的時候，

When we received the land,

雨林的面積連0.5%都不到，

it was less than half a percent rainforest,

就和我的國家一樣。

as in all my region.

在巴西，為了開發，

To build development, Brazilian development,

我們摧毀了很多雨林。

we destroyed a lot of our forest.

就像你們在美國或印度，

As you did here in the United States,

和世界上的其他地方所作的一樣。

or you did in India, everywhere in this planet.

我們為了開發，

To build our development,

碰到了一個很大的矛盾

we come to a huge contradiction

我們摧毀身邊的一切。

that we destroy around us everything.

這個曾經飼養上千頭牛的農場

This farm that had thousands of head of cattle

只剩下了幾百頭，

had just a few hundreds,

我們不知道該如何面對這些問題。

and we didn't know how to deal with these.

Léila 想到了一個很棒的主意，一個瘋狂的主意。

And Léila came up with an incredible idea, a crazy idea.

她說，你為什麼不把消失的雨林重新種回來呢？

She said, why don't you put back the rainforest that was here before?

你說，你出生的地方是個天堂。

You say that you were born in paradise.

那我們就重建天堂。

Let's build the paradise again.

我去拜訪了一個好友

And I went to see a good friend

他從事森林設計工程

that was engineering forests

我們請他幫我們建立重建項目

to prepare a project for us,

然後我們就開始了。我們開始種植。

and we started. We started to plant, and this

第一年，死了很多樹。第二年，情況好轉。

first year we lost a lot of trees, second year less,

然後慢慢的，這片土地死而復生。

and slowly, slowly this dead land started to be born again.

我們開始種植上百上千棵樹，

We started to plant hundreds of thousands of trees,

我們只種本土本國的樹種，

only local species, only native species,

我們建造了一個生態系統，就像以前的那邊土地一樣，

where we built an ecosystem identical to the one that was destroyed,

生命奇蹟般的開始好轉。

and the life started to come back in an incredible way.

我們當時覺得有必要

It was necessary for us to transform our land

把我們的土地變成國家公園。

into a national park.

我們轉化了這片土地，將它還給了大自然。

We transformed. We gave this land back to nature.

它變成了國家公園。

It became a national park.

我們成立名為Instituto Terra的機構，

We created an institution called Instituto Terra,

我們發起了一個很大的環境計畫，並四處籌款。

and we built a big environmental project to raise money everywhere.

在洛杉磯，或者舊金山的灣區

Here in Los Angeles, in the Bay Area in San Francisco,

捐款在美國可以用來抵稅。

it became tax deductible in the United States.

我們在西班牙，意大利和巴西籌款。

We raised money in Spain, in Italy, a lot in Brazil.

我們和巴西的很多公司合作

We worked with a lot of companies in Brazil

它們為這個計畫注入資金

that put money into this project, the government.

其他生物也來了，我有一個強烈的願望

And the life started to come, and I had a big wish

重新拾起攝影，重新拍照。

to come back to photography, to photograph again.

這次，我的願望不再是

And this time, my wish was not to photograph anymore

拍攝我至今一直拍攝的物種：我們人類。

just one animal that I had photographed all my life: us.

我想拍攝其他的物種，

I wished to photograph the other animals,

拍攝其他的風景

to photograph the landscapes,

拍攝人類，原始的我們

to photograph us, but us from the beginning,

和大自然共生的我們。

the time we lived in equilibrium with nature.

我從2004年的年初開始

And I went. I started in the beginning of 2004,

在2011年的年末結束。

and I finished at the end of 2011.

我們拍攝了很多照片，

We created an incredible amount of pictures,

這是我們的成果 － Lélia 負責設計所有攝影集。

and the result -- Lélia did the design of all my books,

和攝影展。她策劃這些展覽。

the design of all my shows. She is the creator of the shows.

我們對這些照片的期望

And what we want with these pictures

是激起一場討論：地球上，還有什麼原始存在

is to create a discussion about what we have that is pristine on the planet

以及我們必須堅持什麼

and what we must hold on this planet

如果我們想生存下去，我們必須在生活中保持一定的平衡。

if we want to live, to have some equilibrium in our life.

我想看到

And I wanted to see us

我們使用石器。

when we used, yes, our instruments in stone.

我們存在。我上週

We exist yet. I was last week

在巴西國立印第安基金會，

at the Brazilian National Indian Foundation,

在亞馬遜，大約有110個印第安部落

and only in the Amazon we have about 110 groups

我們還沒有聯繫上。

of Indians that are not contacted yet.

我們必須要保護這片森林

We must protect the forest in this sense.

對於這些照片，我希望我們能創造

And with these pictures, I hope that we can create

信息，一個信息系統。

information, a system of information.

我們想展示一個新的地球，

We tried to do a new presentation of the planet,

我現在想展示這個項目的一些照片

and I want to show you now just a few pictures

請展示。

of this project, please.

唔，這-（掌聲）-

Well, this — (Applause) —

謝謝。非常感謝。

Thank you. Thank you very much.

我們必須為之奮鬥

This is what we must fight hard

來保持現狀。

to hold like it is now.

但是有另外一個部分，需要我們一起重建

But there is another part that we must together rebuild,

重建我們的社會，我們的現代家庭社會，

to build our societies, our modern family of societies,

我們已經無法回頭。

we are at a point where we cannot go back.

我們製造了一個很大的矛盾。

But we create an incredible contradiction.

為了建立這些，我們摧毀了很多。

To build all this, we destroy a lot.

我們巴西的森林，古老的森林

Our forest in Brazil, that antique forest

差不多和加利福尼亞州一樣大

that was the size of California,

93%的森林已經被毀滅了。

is destroyed today 93 percent.

這裡，在西海岸，你們毀滅了你們的森林。

Here, on the West Coast, you've destroyed your forest.

在這附近，不是嗎？紅杉樹森林已經一去不復返。

Around here, no? The redwood forests are gone.

消失的很快。

Gone very fast, disappeared.

兩天前，我從亞特蘭大州趕來

Coming the other day from Atlanta, here, two days ago,

飛機在沙漠上空

I was flying over deserts

我們親手創造的沙漠。

that we made, we provoked with our own hands.

印度沒有樹木，西班牙也是一樣。

India has no more trees. Spain has no more trees.

我們必須重建樹木。

And we must rebuild these forests.

森林對我們的生命太重要了，

That is the essence of our life, these forests.

我們需要呼吸。

We need to breathe. The only factory

唯一可以把二氧化碳轉化為氧氣的

capable to transform CO2 into oxygen,

就是森林。

are the forests.

唯一可以吸收

The only machine capable to capture the carbon

我們排放出的碳的就是樹木，

that we are producing, always,

即使我們嘗試減少排放，我們所做的一切

even if we reduce them, everything that we do, we produce CO2,

本身就在排放碳體。

are the trees.

我三四周前提出一個問題

I put the question -- three or four weeks ago,

我們在報紙上看到

we saw in the newspapers

在挪威，數百萬條魚死去。

millions of fish that die in Norway.

因為水裡的氧氣不夠。

A lack of oxygen in the water.

我問我自己，如果有那麼一刻，

I put to myself the question, if for a moment,

所有的物種都不會缺氧

we will not lack oxygen for all animal species,

包括我們的 -- 那將會變得很複雜。

ours included -- that would be very complicated for us.

樹木對於水資源是至關重要的。

For the water system, the trees are essential.

我舉個小例子，你們就會很容易了解了。

I'll give you a small example that you'll understand very easily.

你們這些滿頭豐髮的幸運人，

You happy people that have a lot of hair on your head,

如果你洗澡

if you take a shower, it takes you

頭髮大約要兩三個小時才會乾

two or three hours to dry your hair

如果你不用吹風機。

if you don't use a dryer machine.

我，一分鐘，就乾了。 樹木也是一樣的。

Me, one minute, it's dry. The same with the trees.

樹木就像是地球的頭髮。

The trees are the hair of our planet.

如果一個沒有樹木的地方在下雨，

When you have rain in a place that has no trees,

幾分鐘後，雨水成流

in just a few minutes, the water arrives in the stream,

帶來泥沙，摧毀我們的水源，

brings soil, destroying our water source,

摧毀河流，

destroying the rivers,

無法保持濕度。

and no humidity to retain.

如果有樹木，樹根會留住雨水。

When you have trees, the root system holds the water.

樹枝樹葉下垂

All the branches of the trees, the leaves that come down

營造一個濕潤的環境，

create a humid area,

它們需要幾個月的時間匯入河流，

and they take months and months under the water, go to the rivers,

保持我們的水源，維護我們的河流。

and maintain our source, maintain our rivers.

這是最重要的

This is the most important thing,

當我們想像我們每天的生活都離不開水。

when we imagine that we need water for every activity in life.

結束之前，我必須要展示

I want to show you now, to finish,

另外一些對於我來說很重要的照片

just a few pictures that for me

在那個方面。

are very important in that direction.

還記得我說過

You remember that I told you,

當我接手我父母的農場的時候

when I received the farm from my parents

曾經的對於我來說是天堂的農場。

that was my paradise, that was the farm.

已是一片乾枯，荒涼。

Land completely destroyed, the erosion there, the land had dried.

但是你看這張照片，

But you can see in this picture,

我們開始建立一個教育中心

we were starting to construct an educational center

後來成為了巴西一個很大的環境中心

that became quite a large environmental center in Brazil.

你看這些照片上一些小點，

But you see a lot of small spots in this picture.

我們在每一個小點所在的地方種一棵樹

In each point of those spots, we had planted a tree.

有上千棵樹。

There are thousands of trees.

現在我展示給你們看一下兩個月前

Now I'll show you the pictures made exactly in the same point