Name: 【TED】彼得-辛格:有效利他的原因和方法（彼得-辛格：《有效利他的原因和方法》）。 (【TED】Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism (Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:49:02.000Z
Duration: 17 min 20 s

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

to 不定詞

There's something that I'd like you to see.

(Video) Reporter: It's a story that's deeply unsettled

遭廂型車撞擊後 路人讓她獨自在街上流血

hit by a van and left bleeding in the street by passersby,

畫面太過震撼，不適合在此播放

The driver pauses after hitting the child,

車子後輪壓在她身上不止一秒鐘

his back wheels seen resting on her for over a second.

兩分鐘內有三個人 走過這位兩歲小女孩王悅身邊

Within two minutes, three people pass two-year-old Wang Yue by.

第一位完全忽視並繞過 身受重傷的孩子

The first walks around the badly injured toddler completely.

before a street cleaner raised the alarm.

她被緊急送醫 但為時已晚，她過世了

She was rushed to hospital, but it was too late. She died.

I wonder how many of you, looking at that,

said to yourselves just now, "I would not have done that.

Raise your hands if that thought occurred to you.

和我想的一樣，大部份的人都如此

And I believe you. I'm sure you're right.

But before you give yourself too much credit,

聯合國兒童基金會 (UNICEF) 報導 2011 年

死於可預防的、貧窮相關的疾病

died from preventable, poverty-related diseases.

because the figure has been steadily coming down

1990 年時是 1200 萬人 現在好多了

that we're not walking past them in the street?

他們在很遠的地方 真的很重要嗎？

Does it really matter that they're far away?

I don't think it does make a morally relevant difference.

The fact that they're not right in front of us,

事實是，他們的國籍、種族不同

the fact, of course, that they're of a different nationality

但在道德上，我不認為有什麼不同

or race, none of that seems morally relevant to me.

can we reduce that death toll? Can we save

我們能不能拯救每天死亡的 一萬九千名兒童？

some of those 19,000 children dying every day?

or just something like buying bottled water

瘧疾防治基金會 (Against Malaria Foundation)

and we know reliably that if we provide nets,

they're used, and they reduce the number of children

just one of the many preventable diseases

that are responsible for some of those 19,000 children

「有效的利他主義」 (effective altruism)

這件事很重要 因為它結合了心和腦

It's important because it combines both the heart and the head.

But it's really important to use the head as well

才能確保你做的事有效 而且方向正確

to make sure that what you do is effective and well-directed,

不僅如此，我認為理性也能幫我們

and not only that, but also I think reason helps us

to understand that other people, wherever they are,

就像我們一樣，我們也可能 像他們那樣受苦

are like us, that they can suffer as we can,

that parents grieve for the deaths of their children,

生命和幸福，對我們來說很重要

and that just as our lives and our well-being matter to us,

it matters just as much to all of these people.

因此我認為理性 不只是個中立的工具

So I think reason is not just some neutral tool

It does help us to put perspective on our situation.

「有效的利他主義」 的許多指標性人物

many of the most significant people in effective altruism

have been people who have had backgrounds

"Philosophy is remote from the real world;

聽說經濟學只會讓我們變得自私

economics, we're told, just makes us more selfish,

但事實上，這些學科真的有影響

who has been a particularly effective altruist

這是比爾與梅琳達．蓋茲基金會網站 (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)

This is the website of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,

你可以看到到右上角的字寫著：

and if you look at the words on the top right-hand side,

【TED】彼得-辛格:有效利他的原因和方法（彼得-辛格：《有效利他的原因和方法》）。 (【TED】Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism (Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism))

字幕列表影片播放

【TED】彼得-辛格:有效利他的原因和方法（彼得-辛格：《有效利他的原因和方法》）。 (【TED】Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism (Peter Singer: The why and how of effective altruism))

people

life

impact

effective