quite often just stays on contemplating the final result,

常常只注重最後的結果

the architectural object.

也就是建築物本身

Is the latest tower in London

人們會問，倫敦最新的大樓

a gherkin or a sausage

是根小黃瓜、香腸

or a sex tool?

還是情趣用品？

So recently, we asked ourselves

所以最近我們自問

if we could invent a format

是否可以發明一種形式

that could actually tell the stories behind the projects,

來講解這些案子背後的故事

maybe combining images and drawings and words

圖文並茂地

to actually sort of tell stories about architecture.

述說建築的故事

And we discovered that we didn't have to invent it,

後來我們發現我們根本不需要發明

it already existed in the form of a comic book.

只要用漫畫的方式說故事就可以了

So we basically copied the format of the comic book

於是我們使用漫畫的形式

to actually tell the stories of behind the scenes,

來述說這些背後的故事

how our projects actually evolve through adaptation

我們的建築計畫是如何從現實生活中的

and improvisation.

混亂和機會

Sort of through the turmoil and the opportunities

經過適應來演化

and the incidents of the real world.

和創新

We call this comic book "Yes is More,"

我們將這本漫畫命名為“是就是多“

which is obviously a sort of evolution of the ideas of some of our heroes.

很明顯地，這是從一些英雄的點子演化而來

In this case it's Mies van der Rohe's Less is More.

路威．密斯凡德羅一句”少就是多“

He triggered the modernist revolution.

帶來了現代主義的革命

After him followed the post-modern counter-revolution,

在他之後有對抗現代主義的後現代主義

Robert Venturi saying, "Less is a bore."

Robert Venturi 的”少就是無聊“

After him, Philip Johnson sort of introduced

在他之後 Philip Johnson 則介紹了

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

you could say promiscuity, or at least openness

你可以用”我是個蕩婦“來形容這種混亂

to new ideas with, "I am a whore."

至少是對新想法的開放態度

Recently, Obama has introduced optimism

歐巴馬為我們帶來了樂觀主義

at a sort of time of global financial crisis.

在這個全球都陷入經濟危機的時刻

And what we'd like to say with "Yes is More"

當我們說”是就是多“的時候

is basically trying to question this idea

基本上是為了挑戰

that the architectural avant-garde is almost always negatively defined,

前衛建築總是在對抗著誰

as who or what we are against.

或是什麼的想法

The cliche of the radical architect

對於激進建築的老調看法

is the sort of angry young man rebelling against the establishment.

不過是憤怒的年輕人反抗現狀

Or this idea of the misunderstood genius,

這種，不被瞭解的天才

frustrated that the world doesn't fit in with his or her ideas.

為了世界無法接受他或她的想法而失落沮喪

Rather than revolution, we're much more interested in evolution,

但與其要談革命，我們對“演化”更有興趣

this idea that things gradually evolve

萬物靠著適應和創新

by adapting and improvising

逐漸演化

to the changes of the world.

來改變世界

In fact, I actually think that Darwin is one of the people

事實上，我認為達爾文是最能

who best explains our design process.

解釋我們的設計過程的人

His famous evolutionary tree

他名聞遐邇的演化樹

could almost be a diagram of the way we work.

能作為解釋我們工作形態的圖表

As you can see, a project evolves through

如你所見，一個計畫經過一代代的

a series of generations of design meetings.

設計會議演化而成

At each meeting, there's way too many ideas.

在每個會議中每個人都有自己的想法

Only the best ones can survive.

但只有最好的能夠勝出

And through a process of architectural selection,

經過選擇建築的過程

we might choose a really beautiful model

我們選擇的可能是一個最美麗的模型

or we might have a very functional model.

或是一個最實際的模型

We mate them. They have sort of mutant offspring.

我們組合它們，產生一些突變的結果

And through these sort of generations of design meetings

經過代代演進的設計會議

we arrive at a design.

我們來到了最後的設計方案

A very literal way of showing it is a project we did

讓我直接的用我們為哥本哈根的一個圖書館

for a library and a hotel in Copenhagen.

和旅館所做的項目來作為例子

The design process was really tough,

設計的過程非常艱苦

almost like a struggle for survival,

幾乎像是為生存掙扎

but gradually an idea evolved:

但漸漸地，一個方案演化了出來

this sort of idea of a rational tower

它是一個旋轉的大樓

that melts together with the surrounding city,

和周圍的城市融合在一起

sort of expanding the public space onto what we refer to as

擴大了周圍的公眾空間

a Scandinavian version of the Spanish Steps in Rome,

像是北歐版本的羅馬西班牙階梯

but sort of public on the outside, as well as on the inside,

不過不止外面是公眾空間，裏面也是公眾可以使用的

with the library.

圖書館

But Darwin doesn't only explain the evolution of a single idea.

但達爾文的演化論裏面還說到

As you can see, sometimes a subspecies branches off.

有時候這些變種產生了一些分支

And quite often we sit in a design meeting

很多時候我們坐在一個設計會議裏

and we discover that there is this great idea.

然後我們發現有個很好的點子

It doesn't really work in this context.

卻不是很適合當時的狀況

But for another client in another culture,

但對於來自于其他文化的另一個客戶

it could really be the right answer to a different question.

的另一個問題，卻很有可能是對的答案

So as a result, we never throw anything out.

結果是，我們保留所有東西

We keep our office almost like an archive

讓我們的辦公室變成了一個

of architectural biodiversity.

建築生物多樣性的檔案館

You never know when you might need it.

你永遠不知道它們什麼時候會派上用場

And what I'd like to do now, in an act of

我現在要做的是

warp-speed storytelling,

以飛快的速度

is tell the story of how two projects evolved

告訴你們兩個專案是如何演進

by adapting and improvising

隨著這個世界發生的事情

to the happenstance of the world.

適應和創新

The first story starts last year when we went to Shanghai

第一個故事從去年我們到上海去開始

to do the competition for the Danish

為丹麥在 2010 世界博覽會

National Pavilion for the World Expo in 2010.

國家展覽館的項目比賽

And we saw this guy, Haibao.

當我們見到上海世博的吉祥物

He's the mascot of the expo,

海寶

and he looks strangely familiar.

我們覺得它看起來很面熟

In fact he looked like a building we had designed

事實上它看起來就像我們之前設計的一個建築

for a hotel in the north of Sweden.

為了瑞典北部的一個旅館

When we submitted it for the Swedish competition we thought

當我們把這個項目送往瑞典的時候我們認為

it was a really cool scheme, but it didn't exactly

那是一個很酷的設計，但看上去

look like something from the north of Sweden.

卻似乎不屬於瑞典北部

The Swedish jury didn't think so either. So we lost.

瑞典的評審也不這麼認為，於是我們落選了

But then we had a meeting with a Chinese businessman

但後來我們見到一位中國商人

who saw our design and said,

他看著我們的設計，說

"Wow, that's the Chinese character for the word 'people.'"

“哇，這不是我們的”人“字嗎？”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So, apparently this is how you write "people,"

顯然這就是中國字“人”的寫法

as in the People's Republic of China.

在中國

We even double checked.

我們甚至再次確認了一次

And at the same time, we got invited to exhibit

同時，我們也被邀請到

at the Shanghai Creative Industry Week.

上海創意產業周去參展

So we thought like, this is too much of an opportunity,

於是我們想，這是個天大的好機會

so we hired a feng shui master.

於是我們請了一個風水師

We scaled the building up three times to Chinese proportions,

把建築變大三倍，變成中國的比例

and went to China.

然後出發去中國

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So the People's Building, as we called it.

我們叫他“人大廈”

This is our two interpreters, sort of reading the architecture.

這是我們的口譯員，正在解讀建築

It went on the cover of the Wen Wei Po newspaper,

它上了文匯報頭版

which got Mr. Liangyu Chen, the mayor of Shanghai,

吸引了上海市長陳良宇

to visit the exhibition.

來參觀展覽

And we had the chance to explain the project.

讓我們有機會為他解說

And he said, "Shanghai is the city in the world

他說“上海是一個世界上最多摩天大樓

with most skyscrapers,"

的城市。”

but to him it was as if the connection to the roots had been cut over.

但對他來說，卻像是把和根的聯繫剪斷了

And with the People's Building, he saw an architecture

在“人大廈”上他看見了一個建築

that could bridge the gap between the ancient wisdom of China

可以成為古代中國智慧和未來中國發展

and the progressive future of China.

的橋樑

So we obviously profoundly agreed with him.

當然，我們深刻的表示同意

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Unfortunately, Mr. Chen is now in prison for corruption.

不幸的是現在陳先生因為貪污正在坐牢

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But like I said, Haibao looked very familiar,

但如我所說，海寶看上去很眼熟

because he is actually the Chinese character for "people."

因為它是中國字裏的“人”字

And they chose this mascot because

它們選擇這個吉祥物的原因是

the theme of the expo is "Better City, Better Life."

世博的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”

Sustainability.

永續性

And we thought, sustainability has grown into being

今日，永續性已經變成了一種

this sort of neo-Protestant idea

新教徒式的想法

that it has to hurt in order to do good.

做好事一定得犧牲

You know, you're not supposed to take long, warm showers.

像是不應該沖太長時間的熱水澡

You're not supposed to fly on holidays because it's bad for the environment.

或是因為環保不應該坐飛機去度假

Gradually, you get this idea that sustainable life

逐漸地你開始感覺永續型的生活

is less fun than normal life.

沒有辦法像正常生活這麼有趣

So we thought that maybe it could be interesting to focus on examples

所以我們想，如果我們可以針對那些

where a sustainable city

因為永續而提升生活品質的城市

actually increases the quality of life.

來作為例子，會很有趣

We also asked ourselves, what could Denmark possibly show China

我們也自問，丹麥有什麼可以展示

that would be relevant?

而且和中國人有關的？

You know, it's one of the biggest countries in the world, one of the smallest.

一個是世界上最大的國家之一，一個是最小國家之一

China symbolized by the dragon.

中國以龍為象徵

Denmark, we have a national bird, the swan.

丹麥，也有國鳥，天鵝

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

China has many great poets,

中國有許多偉大的詩人

but we discovered that in the People's Republic

但我們發現在中國人民共和國的

public school curriculum,

小學教材裏

they have three fairy tales by An Tu Sheng,

有三個安徒生童話故事

or Hans Christian Anderson, as we call him.

也就是丹麥的漢斯·克利斯蒂安·安徒生

So that means that all 1.3 billion Chinese

這代表十三億中國人

have grown up with "The Emperor's New Clothes,"

都是看國王的新衣、賣火柴的女孩

"The Matchstick Girl" and "The Little Mermaid."

和小美人魚長大的

It's almost like a fragment of Danish culture

就像是一個小小的丹麥文化

integrated into Chinese culture.

被融入了中國文化中

The biggest tourist attraction in China is the Great Wall.

中國最大的旅遊景點是萬里長城

The Great Wall is the only thing that can be seen from the moon.

長城是唯一能在月球上看見的人類建築

The big tourist attraction in Denmark is The Little Mermaid.

丹麥最大的旅遊景點是小美人魚

That can actually hardly be seen from the canal tours.

小的幾乎在觀光遊船上也看不到

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And it sort of shows the difference between these two cities.

這些都代表了兩個城市的差異

Copenhagen, Shanghai,

哥本哈根、上海

modern, European.

現代、歐洲

But then we looked at recent urban development,

但當我們看看最近的城市發展

and we noticed that this is like a Shanghai street,

我們發現這就像30年前的

30 years ago. All bikes, no cars.

上海街頭。全是腳踏車，沒有車

This is how it looks today; all traffic jam.

現在看起來是這樣，大塞車

Bicycles have become forbidden many places.

腳踏車在許多地方是被禁止的

Meanwhile, in Copenhagen we're actually expanding the bicycle lanes.

在哥本哈根我們開始擴大腳踏車道

A third of all the people commute by bike.

三分之一的人以腳踏車代步

We have a free system of bicycles called the City Bike

哥本哈根有個免費腳踏車系統，叫“城市腳踏車”

that you can borrow if you visit the city.

你可以借它拜訪城市的任何一個角落

So we thought, why don't we reintroduce the bicycle in China?

我們想，為什麼不乾脆把腳踏車重新介紹給中國人呢？

We donate 1,000 bikes to Shanghai.

我們捐贈了一千輛腳踏車給上海

So if you come to the expo, go straight to the Danish pavilion,

當你到上海世博的時候，直接到丹麥館去

get a Danish bike, and then continue on that to visit the other pavilions.

借一部丹麥腳踏車。然後再繼續去拜訪其他館

Like I said, Shanghai and Copenhagen are both port cities,

上海和哥本哈根都是港口城市

but in Copenhagen the water has gotten so clean

但哥本哈根的水非常乾淨

that you can actually swim in it.

乾淨到你可以在裏面游泳

One of the first projects we ever did

我們做的頭幾個項目之一

was the harbor bath in Copenhagen,

就是哥本哈根港海港浴

sort of continuing the public realm into the water.

把公共空間帶進水裏

So we thought that these expos quite often have a lot of

我們覺得這些展覽經常包含了很多

state financed propaganda,

國家資助的宣傳

images, statements, but no real experience.

影像、文案，但沒有真正的體驗

So just like with a bike, we don't talk about it.

我們希望藉著像腳踏車這樣的東西

You can try it.

大家可以自己感覺

Like with the water, instead of talking about it,

像水，與其我們在文案裏形容它有多乾淨

we're going to sail a million liters of harbor water

不如從哥本哈根港口運一百萬公升的水

from Copenhagen to Shanghai,

到上海

so the Chinese who have the courage can actually dive in

所以有勇氣的中國人可以親身跳下水

and feel how clean it is.

體驗它到底有多乾淨

This is where people normally object that it doesn't sound very sustainable

這時人們通常都會反映說，把水從哥本哈根運到中國

to sail water from Copenhagen to China.

聽上去不太環保

But in fact, the container ships go

但事實上這些船隻裝滿了從中國

full of goods from China to Denmark,

運到丹麥的貨物

and then they sail empty back.

回程卻是空的

So quite often you load water for ballast.

很多時候都需要水來壓艙

So we can actually hitch a ride for free.

所以我們只是坐了順風船

And in the middle of this sort of harbor bath,

在這個海港池水中間

we're actually going to put the actual Little Mermaid.

我們會把真正的小美人魚銅像放在那裏

So the real Mermaid, the real water, and the real bikes.

真正的小美人魚，真正的水，真正的腳踏車

And when she's gone, we're going to invite

當她不在的時候我們會請一個中國的藝術家

a Chinese artist to reinterpret her.

來重新闡釋她

The architecture of the pavilion is this sort of loop

展館建築本身是一個由展覽和腳踏車

of exhibition and bikes.

組成的環形

When you go to the exhibition, you'll see the Mermaid and the pool.

當你到展場時，你會看到小美人魚銅像和水池

You'll walk around, start looking for a bicycle on the roof,

你會四處走動，開始在屋頂上找腳踏車

jump on your ride and then continue out into the rest of the expo.

跳上車繼續去看其他展館

So when we actually won the competition

當我們贏得這個項目以後

we had to do an exhibition in China explaining the project.

我們得在中國做一個展覽解釋我們的設計理念

And to our surprise we got one of our boards back

令我們驚訝的是竟然有一塊展覽說明被退了回來

with corrections from the Chinese state censorship.

上面有中國審查機構做的修改

The first thing, the China map missed Taiwan.

第一，中國地圖少了臺灣

It's a very serious political issue in China. We will add on.

這在中國是一個非常嚴肅的政治問題，我們會加上

The second thing, we had compared the swan to the dragon,

第二，我們把天鵝和龍做比較

and then the Chinese state said,

於是中國官方寫著

"Suggest change to panda."

“建議改成熊貓”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So, when it came out in Denmark that we were actually going to

世博開始以後我們會把這個丹麥國家象徵

move our national monument,

搬到中國去

the National People's Party sort of rebelled against it.

政府裏人反對這個點子

They tried to pass a law against moving the Mermaid.

他們嘗試通過一個不許移動小美人魚的法律

So for the first time, I got invited to speak at the National Parliament.

於是有生以來第一次我被邀請到國家議會去演講

It was kind of interesting because in the morning, from 9 to 11,

這很有趣因為從早上九點到十一點

they were discussing the bailout package --

他們在討論新的財政援助

how many billions to invest in saving the Danish economy.

要把幾百億振興方案投資在丹麥經濟裏

And then at 11 o'clock they stopped talking about these little issues.

十一點他們停止討論這些小事

And then from 11 to 1,

因為十一點到下午一點

they were debating whether or not to send the Mermaid to China.