The 17 Sustainable Development Goals are focused on improvement and longevity, and are a focal point of The UN Week in New York City.

聯合國大會在紐約舉行，提出了17項永續發展目標（SDGs），目標則是放在生活品質和人民健康

Additionally, a number of Summits

除此之外，在多次高峰會議中

provide the opportunity for world leaders to cooperate in achieving these global goals.

世界領導人有了機會齊聚一堂訂下這些世界目標

So, what exactly are the world’s biggest problems?

所以，到底什麼是世界上最大的問題？

Well, first and foremost, poverty is an inescapable issue for nearly all developing countries.

首先，最重要的是：貧窮，在幾乎所有開發中國家中是一個無法忽視的問題

Roughly 1 in 7 people around the world live on less than $1.25 a day, and nearly half

現今大約還有七分之一的人口生活於貧窮線之下（每日花費低於 1.25 美元），且將近一半的

of the global population lives on just $2.50. While about a third of the world’s poor are located in India,

世界人口只能依靠僅有的2.50美元生活。在全球貧窮人口中，印度則佔了三分之一

only 10 countries house 80% of the poorest people on earth.

十個城市中就居住著百分之八十的窮困人家

Closely tied to poverty is the issue of hunger. Inadequate nutrition contributes to nearly half of all child deaths worldwide,

緊接著則是飢餓問題。世界上將近一半的小孩死於營養不良

and in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, one in four people are malnourished.

像在南非洲地區，四分之一的人都營養不良

As a result, nearly 800 million people don't have access to enough food to live healthy, active lives.

因此，將近八億萬人沒有足夠的營養來維持身體機能

Similarly, water and sanitation are absolute necessities.

同樣的，乾淨用水和衛生設施也是不可忽視的

Yet nearly the same number of people without access to food, lack access to water.

營養不良的八億人同樣也無法取得乾淨的用水

And a third of the world’s population risks disease by not having adequate sanitation.

世界三分之一的人口，由於衛生條件不佳而成為疾病傳播的高風險群。

Another major issue for developing countries is a lack of educational opportunities.

另一個主要開發中國家的問題是：缺乏教育

The UN predicted in 2011 that if all students had even basic reading skills,

聯合國預測在2011年時，如果所有的孩子都有基本的閱讀能力

world poverty could be reduced by more than ten percent. But illiteracy is an asymmetrical problem,

貧窮人口將減少十分之一。但不識字的比率十分不對等，

and affects considerably more women than men. Of roughly 780 million illiterate adults worldwide,

女性不識字遠遠高過於男性。而世界上大約七億八千萬個不識字的成年人口之中，

two thirds are female. As a result, women have considerably fewer opportunities,

女性則佔了三分之二。所以，女生相對之下較少有機會能接受教育

and it hurts a country’s ability to progress economically without a fully educated workforce.

勞動力缺乏教育的體制下，則會導致國家的經濟能力也無法有所復興

This inequality is rampant, and not exclusively relegated to gender.

而這樣的不平等問題不只是在性別上

Economic inequality is also drawn along racial and social divides. Countries like Namibia see only a few thousand

經濟上也是會因種族和地位落差而有所不平等，像在納米比亞（非洲西南部國家），好幾位

white landowners owning almost half of the country’s agricultural land for a population of more than 2 million.

白人地主在超過兩百萬人口當中，則是擁有將近國家的一半農業土地

In fact, land distribution has become an increasingly relevant issue.

事實上，土地的分配問題會逐漸惡化

With man-made climate change,

由於人為氣候變遷

deforestation, and overfishing, the rapid environmental decline might be too late to reverse.

像是伐木森林、過度捕撈，劇烈的氣候衰退要恢復也是為時已晚

Although organizations like the UN have implemented standards,

雖然有像聯合國這樣的組織建立幾個標準

and worked to save forests, oceans, and the atmosphere, it continues to be a serious issue for the international community.

設法永續森林、海洋、和空氣品質；但對於國際社會而言，仍然是一個難以解決的問題

The UN Summit’s 17 global goals span from micro to macro, and hope to contribute to

聯合國高峰會總和的17項世界計畫涵蓋了從微觀至宏觀的各種議題，皆是為了

solutions for the world’s biggest problems. Through communication, training, and financial

解決世界上最大的問題。透過交流、訓練、財政上的

support, it is up to influential world leaders and average citizens to seek to improve the world.

互相支持，剩下就是要看世界各地領導者如何發揮影響力、以及人民要怎麼使這個世界更好

Since addressing issues like poverty and hunger, most countries have made considerable progress on every set goal.

自提出像是貧困和飢餓這樣的議題之後，許多國家都注意到，而有明顯的改善

So we know that the United Nations has been effective working on these issues, but HOW effective has it been? Find out in our video.

所以，我們都知道，聯合國有計畫性的解決這些問題，但是到底有怎麼樣的成效出現呢？可以再看我們另外的影片找到答案

The United Nation emerged after World War 2, with the objective of achieving a global balance of peace between world powers. Today they have 193 member states.

聯合國創建是在第二次世界大戰時，目標是要達到一個世界和平與安全。現今，聯合國則共有193個成員國

And they have rougly 100 thousand soldiers, or "blue-berets" (buh-REYS) operating 16 separate peacekeeping missions around the globe.

還擁有大約十萬名軍人，或是所謂的「藍帽子」（搶救世界遺產），他們個別在世界各地執行16項和平任務

Thanks for watching TestTube! Don’t forget to like and subscribe so you don’t miss out. We’ll see you next time.

感謝您們收看TestTube！如果喜歡我們的影片，想要持續追蹤，不要忘記按讚和訂閱我們的頻道。下次見