Hi my name is Tony and this is Every Frame a Painting.

今天要討論的是產出我深愛作品的導演

So today I’m going to talk about a director whose work I love.

但開始之前，我要先說清楚

but before that let me be upfront. I think comedy movies today

我覺得今日的喜劇，尤其是美國的

especially American ones have totally lost their way.

已經完全迷失方向了

I don't hate the jokes or the actors or the dialogue

我不討厭他們的笑話、演員、對話或是故事 雖然那也有很多問題

or the stories though there's plenty of issues there.

我最主要的不滿是拍片手法

My real qualm is that the filmmaking

從畫面、音效的利用到笑點的表現

the use of picture and sound to deliver jokes, is just...

"一整個...."

--What? --This is booooring.

"什麼啦?"

--Delete.

"這真的..."

Look, everyone’s taste is different.

"很無無無聊耶"

What you find funny is what you funny. So I’m not saying these movies suck

"刪除囉"

or you suck if you like them. What I am saying is that

我知道每個人的口味不一 你有你覺得好笑東西

these movies aren’t movies. They’re lightly edited improv.

所以我不是在說這些電影很爛 或是你很爛因為你喜歡它們

Everyone stands still and talks at each other in close-up.

我要說的是，這些電影，不是電影

Almost none of these jokes come visually They’re overwhelming sound.

它們只是輕微剪接過的即興演出

And not even the full range of sound, just dialogue. And this is really sad

大家只是站直直的用特寫鏡頭互相對話

because that’s just a fraction of what’s possible in cinema.

幾乎沒用一個笑點是由視覺呈現，完全以聽覺為主導

Apart from animation and some commercials,

且僅止於對話而已，尚沒包括音效部份

visual comedy is actually moving backwards. And that's why

這真的很悲哀 因為這只是電影呈現方式的一小部分

if you love this kind of stuff, I cannot recommend Edgar Wright enough.

除了動畫及部分廣告之外，視覺喜劇正在退化

--You're a doctor, deal with it. --Yeah, motherfucker.

也因為這樣，如果你喜歡這類的喜劇呈現方式

He's one of the only people working in the genre using the full range of what is possible

我無法不推薦 艾德格.萊特

And because of that, he can find humor in places that others don’t look.

"你是個醫生，搞定它"

Here’s an example. Say you need to move your character

"是啊，王八蛋"

from one city to another to get the story going. How do you shoot it?

他是此類型影片中 極少數願意去嘗試各種可能性的導演

And can you get a joke out of it? ...Well, no.

正因如此，他可以在別人忽略的地方發掘幽默

Not if you send out a 2nd unit to do it, every shot pans from left to right

舉例來說

you include obvious landmarks and signs, you mix in generic helicopter footage

假設我們要讓你的角色 從一個城市移動到另一個來推動劇情

and you put upbeat music under it so the audience doesn’t get bored.

你要怎麼拍攝? 你可以在其中穿插笑點嗎?

This is just lazy filmmaking and boring. We’ve seen it a million times.

呃，不行

What would happen if you were truly inventive with this type of scene?

除非派出第二攝影組，屢屢用鏡頭由左擺到右這招

There we go! And this isn’t just a series of quick cuts.

畫面包含著名地標及標誌，混入老套直升機鳥瞰鏡頭

There’s a lot of good visual storytelling here.

然後播放富節奏的歌曲，好讓觀眾不會無聊

These two taxi shots tell you exactly where we came from and where we’re going

這是超懶惰拍攝手法，而且效果非常無聊 我們也早就看過無數次了

These two shots emphasize the move away from civilization.

在這類鏡頭加入真正的創意 會有什麼效果呢?

Our main character always faces forward or to the right

"...還沒準備好" (電話留言)

so screen direction is respected. Turning the music down

這就對了，這不只是一連串的快速剪接而已

and the sound FX up is funny because each cut is jarring.

中間還涵蓋了很多好的視覺故事陳述

And there’s even some nice performances from Simon Pegg and Ryan Gosling.

這兩個計程車燈鏡頭準確的點出 我們從哪裡來，要到哪裡去

Okay that was 1 example without context. You’re right. Totally unfair.

這兩個鏡頭強調逐漸遠離文明

Well what if you had a movie where a horrible apocalyptic event happens,

主角永遠望向正前方，或是右方 所以畫面方向性得以表達

and you want to foreshadow it earlier, maybe by having the characters

音樂逐漸縮小，音效突然放大很好笑

not notice something important on TV. How would you show it?

因為銜接畫面也相同的不和諧

Would you just throw it in the edit for 2 seconds and 2 frames

甚至還有 賽門.佩吉 和 雷恩.葛斯林 精彩的演出

and no shot shows the relationship between the characters and the TV?

好吧，這只是單一例子 你說的對，這樣比完全不公平

--he's having a housewarming party, he just finished building his house.

好，如果有一齣講述世界末日降臨情境的電影

Or would you do this?

然後你想呈現早有預兆

--Although no one official is prepared to comment, religious groups are

可能用角色們沒注意到電視上的重要資訊來提示

calling it judgment day. There's

你會怎麼展現?

--panic on the streets of London

直接插進兩秒兩幀的剪接

--as an increasing number of reports of --serious attacks on

不去反映演員與電視間的關係?

--people who are literally being --eaten alive

"呃，他搞了個新居派對，他剛裝潢完"

Okay still unfair. What if you had movie where one character has stopped drinking

或是你會這樣做?

but the others are disappointed in him and you want to get a joke out of it.

"...雖然現在尚無官方聲明"

How would you do it?

"宗教團體已經宣稱這是審判日了，他們..."

Would they just stand around and talk about his drinking?

"大量的報導聲稱.."

--No I appreciate it but I told my wife I wouldn't drink tonight

"猛烈的攻擊在..."

--Besides I got a big day tomorrow. You guys have a great time.

"人們真的被...."

--Big day? Doing what? Or would you do this? --What?!

"....生吃活剝了"

--I don't believe this.

好吧，還是不公平，好

This is what separates a mediocre director from a great one. The ability

如果電影中其中角色已經不想喝酒了

to take the most simple mundane scenes and find new ways to do them.

但是另一個角色對他很失望 然後你想從中擠出笑點

Great directors understand that you can get a laugh just through staging.

你會怎麼做?

Here’s an example from David Bordwell: things popping up into frame are funny.

讓他們呆站著，討論喝酒?

--Slow ahead, I can go slow ahead. Come on down and chum some of this shit!

"真的很感謝，但我已經答應老婆今晚不喝酒了"

And it’s not just things entering frame. Consider the opposite.

"而且明天還是個大日子，但你們喝開心點"

--I said tell Ms. Laura "Goodbye"

"大日子? 做什麼?"

--Bye, Ms. Laura

還是你會這樣表現?

You can get a laugh from a zoom.

"什麼?"

--You wanna pop the trunk and roll the windows down, please?

"我真不敢相信..."

You can get a laugh from a crane up. --Shirley, I'm so sorry.

這就是普通導演和偉大導演的分野

--I'm going home, Britta. --I know, Shirley, I know.

總能從世俗小事中找出新的詮釋方法

--No I'm going home, can you help me up? --Oh

偉大的導演懂的在鋪陳裡也找的到笑點

You can get a laugh from a pan.

以下是我根據 大衛.波德維爾 理論舉的例子：

As Martin Scorsese put it

物件突然從畫面中出現，等於很好笑

cinema is a matter of what’s in the frame and what’s not in the frame.

"慢速前進...."

So think about the frame. And this isn’t a matter of smart or stupid comedy.

"我也會慢速前進，為什麼你不下來灑灑這些臭魚餌?"

Really if it works, it works.

不只是物件突然出現在畫面有效果

So here are 8 things Edgar Wright does with picture and sound that

反過來也可以

I want to see other comedy filmmakers try out.

"我說跟羅拉小姐"

#1 Things entering the frame in funny ways

"道別"

#2 People leaving the frame in funny ways

"掰，羅拉小姐"

#3 There and back again

你可以用變焦製造笑點

#4 Matching scene transitions

"請把後車廂打開，窗戶搖下"

#5 The perfectly-timed sound effect

你可以由升降機上升鏡頭製造笑點

#6 Action synchronized to the music

"真對不起"

#7 Super-dramatic lighting cues

"我要回家了，瑞塔"

#8 Fence gags

"我知道，雪莉，我知道"

And you know what, let's thrown in #9 Imaginary gunfights

"不，認真的，我要回家了，扶我一下好嗎?"

So if you’re a filmmaker, work on this. The frame is a playground. So play.

"喔"

And the next time you go to a theater and pay $15 to see a comedy

你可以由擺鏡製造笑點

don’t be satisfied with shit that is less inventive than Vine.

如 馬丁.史柯西斯 說過的：