Name: 【TED】保羅-扎克：信任、道德--和催產素。 (【TED】Paul Zak: Trust, morality - and oxytocin)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:42:36.000Z
Duration: 16 min 35 s

Is there anything unique about human beings?

We're obsessed with morality as social creatures.

作為社會動物，我們熱衷於道德

We need to know why people are doing what they're doing.

我們要求知道人的行為所為為何

And I personally am obsessed with morality.

As an altar boy, I breathed in a lot of incense,

about whether my mother's top-down morality

I saw that people who were religious and non-religious

我看到有宗教和無宗教信仰的人

I thought, maybe there's some earthly basis

I want to know if there's a chemistry of morality.

我想明白道德是否有化學的基礎

Would you like to see it? I brought some with me.

要看看道德分子嗎？我帶來了一些

So oxytocin is a simple and ancient molecule

催產素是一種既簡單又古老的分子

to make mothers care for their offspring,

to facilitate birth and breastfeeding in women,

and is released by both sexes during sex.

So I had this idea that oxytocin might be the moral molecule.

因此我想到催產素可能就是道德分子

I did what most of us do -- I tried it on some colleagues.

像多數人一樣－我問了一些同事的意見

"Paul, that is the world's stupidist idea.

「保羅，這是世界上最蠢的想法。」

It is," he said, "only a female molecule.

他說：「這不過是女性分子而已

But I countered, "Well men's brains make this too.

但是我回答：「男人的腦袋裡也製造這東西

不過他倒說對了，確實是個蠢想法

In other words, I thought I could design an experiment

換言之，我認為可以設計一個實驗

來看看催產素是否會讓人有道德

First of all, oxytocin is a shy molecule.

首先，催產素是一種害羞的分子

without some stimulus to cause its release.

沒有受到刺激催產素不會釋放的

And when it's produced, it has a three-minute half-life,

and degrades rapidly at room temperature.

So this experiment would have to cause a surge of oxytocin,

因此做實驗要能引發大量催產素

so I could do this experiment without learning neurosurgery.

因此我不用學習神經科手術就能做實驗

So taking on Morality with a capital M is a huge project.

從大處著想來研究道德是一項大計劃

that countries with a higher proportion of trustworthy people

在一個國家中若有較多人值得信賴

So in these countries, more economic transactions occur

那樣的國家裡會發生較多的經濟交易

So poor countries are by and large low trust countries.

貧窮國家大體上是信賴感低落的國家

So if I understood the chemistry of trustworthiness,

那麼如果我瞭解值得信賴度的化學原理

I don't want to just ask people, "Are you trustworthy?"

我不想只問「你值不值得信賴」？

is we tempt people with virtue and vice by using money.

So we recruit some people for an experiment.

我們招募了一些人來做這個實驗

They all get $10 if they agree to show up.

We give them lots of instruction, and we never ever deceive them.

我們給那些人許多指示，並沒有欺騙他們

And in that pair, one person gets a message saying,

gets tripled in the other person's account.