Index. The study compiled data from 151 different countries to measure where people are living

這項研究參考151個國家的數據，衡量哪些地方的人過得

happy, sustainable lives. So, exactly how does one measure happiness, and does living

快樂又安定。那麼，我們到底要怎麼衡量快樂？

happily really matter?

還有快樂的生活真的重要嗎？

The HPI looks at three different factors to determine if people are happy in a certain country.

HPI 參考三項不同的因素來決定某國家的人們是否快樂

First, it looks at general well-being, by studying a Gallup World Poll that uses

首先是整體滿意度，他們用蓋洛普公司

the “Ladder of Life” method. The poll asks people to rate their life on a scale of 0-10,

的「生活量表」來評分。蓋洛普公司請人們以1-10分來評量他們的生活

with 0 being the worst possible life and 10 being the best. Denmark, Canada and

其中0代表最糟，10代表最好。丹麥、加拿大

Norway finished in the top three with Togo coming in last. Then they take that number

還有挪威位居前三名，而多哥則落在最後一名。接著，他們拿這些數據

and multiply it by each country’s life expectancy using data from a 2011 United Nations study.

與2011年聯合國報告中各國的預期壽命相乘

Japan has the highest life expectancy at nearly 84 years - almost twice that of Sierra Leone, which has the

日本的預期壽命最高，接近84歲 - 幾乎是獅子山共和國的兩倍，該國的預期壽命

lowest at only 47.8 years.

全球最低，僅有47.8歲

The study also factors in each country's ecological footprint. This statistic is important to

這項研究也包含各國的生態足跡這項因素（指支持每個人生命所需的生產土地與水源面積）。這項數據對 HPI 很重要

the HPI because it’s directly connected to the sustainability of a country’s happiness

因為它直接影響該國家人民的快樂是否能維持

- as a country becomes more polluted and less able to produce resources like food, the less

國家受到的汙染越多，就越沒辦法生產資源，像食物等，這樣一來人們就

likely it is that they’ll have a good or long life. To get their final scores, they

更不可能擁有好的生活或是活得長久。為了得到最終數據

take the Ladder of Life average, multiplied by life expectancy, and divide that by the

他們把生活量表乘以預期壽命再除以

ecological footprint.

生態足跡

So, that’s how Costa Rica, Vietnam, and Colombia were named the happiest places in

所以，這就是哥斯大黎加、越南還有哥倫比亞被列為世界上最快樂的國家

the world to live. But, is this an accurate assessment? Are they happier than other nations?

的原因。但是，這是準確的評量方式嗎？他們真的比其他國家快樂嗎？

Well, I guess it depends on how you define happy. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation

恩，我想這取決於你對快樂的定義。經濟合作與發展組織

and Development declared Australia as the happiest country, based on eleven different

宣稱澳洲是最快樂的國家，這是基於11項不同的

statistics like education, personal security and income. A 2013 report by the UN listed

數據，像是教育、人身安全還有收入。聯合國2013年一項報告

Denmark at the top, using GDP, life expectancy, and corruption levels - among other things.

根據 GDP、預期壽命還有貪腐狀況以及其他因素認定丹麥是最快樂的國家

Or maybe you judge happiness on topics not being covered, like homicide rates, unemployment

或者可能你對快樂的定義不在上述項目內，像是謀殺率、失業率

or gun rights.

或是擁槍權

See, that’s the problem with ranking countries by happiness. Happiness is subjective, and

看吧，這就是國家快樂排行榜的問題所在。快樂是主觀決定的

one that we may not be able to accurately track across all countries. But that obviously

而且我們可能沒辦法跨國進行考察。但是這些很顯然

isn’t going to stop anyone from trying. In fact, the UN thinks tracking happiness

不會阻止任何人去嘗試。事實上，聯合國認為調查快樂程度

is so important that they passed a resolution on it in 2011, saying that countries now need

非常重要，因此他們在2011年通過一項法案，內容為國家現在需要

to start tracking happiness.

開始調查快樂程度

And as far as criteria for happiness goes, the Happy Planet Index is pretty simple.

不論關於快樂程度的鑑定標準有哪些，Happy Planet Index 用的方法非常簡單

They asked people if they were happy, looked at how long those people were potentially going

他們問人們是否快樂、參考人們可能活多久

to live, and then divided that by how sustainable their environment is. If you feel those are

然後再除以他們居住環境永續的程度。如果你認為這些是

three important qualifications for being happy, then maybe it’s time to pack your bags and move to Costa Rica.

快樂的三項重要因素，那麼也許你該整理行李搬到哥斯大黎加去了

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