Name: 【TED】塞利格曼談正面心理 (The new era of positive psychology | Martin Seligman)
Uploaded: 2015-08-09T22:20:00.000Z
Duration: 23 min 43 s

When I was president of the American Psychological Association,

summarizes what I'm going to be talking about today,

which is the eleventh reason to be optimistic.

The editor of Discover told us 10 of them,

“發現”的編輯已經告訴我們10個理由

So they came to me -- CNN -- and they said, "Professor Seligman,

所以他們來找我，CNN他們說，“塞利格曼教授

would you tell us about the state of psychology today?

你可以告訴我們今天心理學的現況嗎？

We'd like to interview you about that." And I said, "Great."

我們將向你請教這問題”，我說“很好”

And she said, "But this is CNN, so you only get a sound bite."

她說，“但這是CNN，你只有講一聲的時間”

So I said, "Well, how many words do I get?"

所以我說，“好的，那我可以用幾個字？”

And cameras rolled, and she said, "Professor Seligman,

然後攝影機開動，她說，“塞利格曼教授，

We'd really better give you a longer sound bite."

"Well, how many words do I get this time?" "I think, well, you get two.

“好吧，這次我可以講幾個字？”“我想，好，你講兩個

Doctor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?"

塞利格曼教授，今天心理學現況如何？”

we can see you're really not comfortable in this medium.

Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?"

"Not good enough." And that's what I'm going to be talking about.

I want to say why psychology was good, why it was not good

我想說明為什麼心理學是好，為什麼不好

and how it may become, in the next 10 years, good enough.

以及它可能轉變，在未來10年，成為夠好

And by parallel summary, I want to say the same thing about technology,

用同樣的道理，我想應用在科技

about entertainment and design, because I think the issues are very similar.

用在娛樂、還有設計，因為這些問題都很相似。

所以，為什麼心理學現況是好？

Well, for more than 60 years, psychology worked within the disease model.

因為，過去60多年，心理學主要應用在心理病治療

and I introduced myself to my seatmate, and told them what I did,

我對座位旁邊的人自我介紹，告訴他們我的工作，

And because, quite rightly, they were saying

psychology is about finding what's wrong with you. Spot the loony.

心理學是關於找出你毛病原因的，辨識問題所在的

And now, when I tell people what I do, they move toward me.

但現在當我告訴人們我做什麼時，他們向我接近

about the 30 billion dollar investment NIMH made,

是美國心理健康研究院NIMH投資300億美元

is that, 60 years ago, none of the disorders were treatable --

60年以前，所有的心理病都無法治療

And now, 14 of the disorders are treatable,

現在則有14種心理失衡可以治療

And the other thing that happened is that a science developed,

其他發生的事，是心理科學得以發展開來

That we found out that we could take fuzzy concepts -- like depression, alcoholism --

我們發現可以將以前模糊的概念如憂鬱症、酗酒

That we could create a classification of the mental illnesses.

That we could understand the causality of the mental illnesses.

我們能夠了解心理疾病的因果關系

We could look across time at the same people --

people, for example, who were genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia --

例如，一個在基因上有可能患精神分裂症的人

and ask what the contribution of mothering, of genetics are,

by doing experiments on the mental illnesses.

And best of all, we were able, in the last 50 years,

最好的是，在過去50年，我們能夠

to invent drug treatments and psychological treatments.

And then we were able to test them rigorously,

in random assignment, placebo controlled designs,

經由隨機分組、藥劑控制的實驗設計

throw out the things that didn't work, keep the things that actively did.

剔除無效的東西，保留有作用的東西

And the conclusion of that is that psychology and psychiatry, over the last 60 years,

這些研究的結論是，心理學與精神病治療法，經過60年

can actually claim that we can make miserable people less miserable.

可以宣稱我們可以減少病患們的苦惱

And I think that's terrific. I'm proud of it.

我覺得這是很棒的，我對此感到榮耀

But what was not good, the consequences of that were three things.

但什麼是心理學還不好的呢，這些成績的結果，導致三件事

that psychologists and psychiatrists became victimologists, pathologizers,

心理學家與精神病醫生變成受害者心理研究專家，病理學者

that our view of human nature was that if you were in trouble, bricks fell on you.

我們一般對人性的觀點是如果你有毛病，不幸就會朝你而來

And we forgot that people made choices and decisions.

我們忘記病人們也做選擇、做決定

We forgot responsibility. That was the first cost.

我們忘記病人自己也有責任，這是第一個代價

The second cost was that we forgot about you people.

第二個代價是我們忘記一般正常的人們

我們忘記要改進一般人的日常生活

We forgot about a mission to make relatively untroubled people happier,

我們忘記要幫助一般人們快樂些的使命

more fulfilled, more productive. And "genius," "high-talent," became a dirty word.

忘記幫人們更加自我實現，更有生產力，使得關心天才或高度才能變成不好的字眼

And the third problem about the disease model is,

而心理治療模式的第三個問題是

in our rush to do something about people in trouble,

我們趕著做些事幫助有困難的人

in our rush to do something about repairing damage,

在我們趕著做些事以修正傷害時

it never occurred to us to develop interventions

我們沒有人研究一點調控的方法

to make people happier, positive interventions.

以使一般人們變得更加快樂的正面調控方法

And so, that's what led people like Nancy Etcoff, Dan Gilbert,

而這導致一些人如伊蔻夫、吉爾伯特

Mike Csikszentmihalyi and myself to work in something I call positive psychology,

麥克還有我等人投入所謂正面心理學的研究

The first is that psychology should be just as concerned

with human strength as it is with weakness.

除了人性的弱點外也要關心人性的優點

It should be just as concerned with building strength as with repairing damage.

就如它修補傷害一樣，它也應該關心在建立優點上

It should be interested in the best things in life.

And it should be just as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling,

應該關心如何使一般人的生活更為充實

and with genius, with nurturing high talent.

So in the last 10 years and the hope for the future,

所以在過去10年以及可能在未來

we've seen the beginnings of a science of positive psychology,

我們看到一門正面心理學這科學的起步

a science of what makes life worth living.

一個使得生命更為值得活著的科學

It turns out that we can measure different forms of happiness.

這科學顯示我們可以衡量快樂的不同形式

And any of you, for free, can go to that website

你們任何人可以免費到那個網站