trans fats from their foods over the next few years. But, like, what is a trans fat?

撤出他們食品中添加的反式脂肪。但.....反式脂肪是什麼？

Trans fat gets a lot of bad press, but that's because fat is a tough cookie; some are good

反式脂肪遭受到不少的抨擊，那是因為脂肪是一個難纏角色；有些對身體有益，

for you, some are bad for you. Fat isn't just FAT there's a lot of different KINDS of fat.

有些則相反。脂肪有很多種類，並不是只有單一形式，

Each type manifests differently, and… #WHEW it's complicated.

每一種表現的不一樣，而且.....呼，這很複雜。

Fats coat membranes. They store energy, they protect vital organs and they insulate tissues. The word

脂肪包覆著薄膜，儲存能量，保護重要器官和隔離組織。

"lipid" is a general term for a group of hydrocarbons -- that is to say a string of carbon atoms

"脂質"是身體內碳氫化合物的統稱 -- 也就是說一連串的碳原子

surrounded by hydrogen atoms -- which includes all fats and many other basic molecules in body.

被氫原子所包覆 -- 包含了所有身體內的脂肪和其他基本分子。

the body. Triglycerides, cholesterols, and Vitamins like A,D,E, and K are all lipids[1].

三酸甘油脂、膽固醇，以及維生素A,D,E和K都是脂質。

Different fat sources each form chains a little differently; and those arrangements change

不同的脂肪源自於些微不同的組合鏈；那些排列改變

how your body can process them.

你身體處理它們的方式。

The three main lipids you hear about in the food world are saturated fats, unsaturated

你最常在食物中看到的主要三脂質為：飽和脂肪、不飽和脂肪

fats and trans fats. Picture a parking lot, if the hydrogen atoms are the cars -- saturated

以及反式脂肪。以停車場的概念來說，如果氫原子是車子 -- 飽和脂肪

fats are saturated -- or FILLED with hydrogen -- all the spots are full. Unsaturated fats

意指飽和狀態 -- 或者被氫填滿 -- 每個位置都客滿了。不飽和脂肪

have some spaces here or there --and the shape of the molecules will determine their behavior -- like some of spots are empty.[2][3].

有許多的空間 -- 而分子結構決定它們的表現-- 如同停車場有許多空位。

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature because the filled up molecules are more rigid;

飽和脂肪在室溫下為固態，因為被裝填過的分子很堅固，

they usually come from animals, but are also found in coconut oil and palm oil. Whereas

通常來自於動物，但也可以在椰子油和棕梠油中發現。反之，

unsaturated fats have more room for hydrogen, which allows the molecules to bend, fold over.

不飽和脂肪保留許多空位給氫原子，允許分子可以彎曲折疊，

This folding allows them to stay liquid at room temperatures -- so you can think of them as oils[4]!

如此的折疊，讓脂肪在室溫下保持液態狀 -- 你可以想做是常見的油。

These mostly come from plants, and are sometimes just called vegetable oils. So the olive oil, corn

這些油來自於植物，也就是我們常說的植物油，所以橄欖油、玉米油

oil, and peanut oil are all unsaturated fats.

和花生油都是不飽和脂肪。

Mono-unsaturated fats are called "good" fats[5]. They're much easier to produce so companies

單元不飽和脂肪被歸類為"好的"脂肪，這種脂肪很容易生產，所以公司

came up with a way to convert these liquid lipids to solids in a process called HYDROGENATION.

想到一個方式，將這些液體脂質轉換成固體，這過程稱之為"氫化作用"。

Hydrogenated oils have been chemically altered to move the hydrogen around and fill up more

氫化油經由化學變化將氫原子轉移，替補更多

of the empty parking spaces in the chain. They try to make cheaper plant fats look more

分子鏈中的空位。公司試著將便宜的植物性脂肪看起來

like expensive animal fats; think margarine or shortening[6]. Because they have to alter

跟動物性脂肪一樣昂貴，例如人造黃油或酥油。因為他們必須改變

the hydrogen bonds, these hydrogenated oils, are ALSO known as TRANS FATS[7].

氫原子的結合，這些氫化油就是眾所皆知的"反式脂肪"

Up until the early 1980s, saturated animal fats, like beef tallow, were used to make delicious delicious french

在早期1980年前，動物性飽和脂肪，例如牛脂，被用來製成美味的薯條，

fries, until it was thought saturated fats could raise levels of bad or Low-density lipoprotein

直到發現飽合性脂肪會提升不好的或低密度脂蛋白膽固醇

cholesterol -- essentially causing increased risk of heart disease. The public was alarmed, so companies

-- 導致提高心臟病的風險。人民開始警惕，公司

switched to *partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.* Recently, studies like one in the Annals

只好改用"部分氫化的植物油"。最近，從去年開始，

of Internal Medicine from last year[8] -- show that saturated fat is not nearly the demon

像醫學年鑑這類的研究，顯示飽和性脂肪並沒有那麼不好，

it was made out to be and might be entirely neutral in our diet, but that TRANS FAT is just TERRIBLE. It is the worst: causing

它謹守本分並保持中立，但反式脂肪是真的很糟糕：不僅僅增加

increases in LDL cholesterol and decreases in High-density lipoprotein -- or good cholesterol[9][10].

低密度脂蛋白膽固醇，更減少高密度蛋白脂 -- 或好的膽固醇。

In fact, studies have found diets high in trans fats correlate with memory loss, heart

事實上，研究發現大量食用反式脂肪會導致記憶力喪失、心臟病

disease, and of course weight gain obesity[11].

和肥胖症。

Overall the FDA ban might be a little late to the party. From 2003 to 2012 the amount

大致上，衛生食品藥物管理署的禁令有點太晚發布。從2003到2012年，

of trans fats consumed has dropped 78 percent, mainly due to food label, but it's better

反式脂肪的使用已經下降78%，主要是食品標籤的關係，但總比

late than never. Commonly, you hear people say, "Everything in moderation," which works

沒有的好。通常你聽到有人說："每個東西都要適量。" 這只適用在

for saturated and unsaturated fats, but for trans fat? No way.None. The CDC says to keep "trans

飽和和不飽和脂肪，但反式脂肪？沒有這回事。衛生疾病管理署說："盡量保持

fatty acid consumption as low as possible[12]!" That's HUGE!

少量攝取反式脂肪酸。" 這任務真艱難！

What's your favorite type of good fat? Avocados? Nuts? Olive oil????? I LUVVV olive oil. It's the best..

你最喜歡什麼樣的脂肪？酪梨？堅果？橄欖油？我超愛橄欖油。

Also have you nominated us for a Streamy Award yet? What are you waiting for - do it now!

你們有提名我們上"美國網路電視大獎"了嗎？還在等什麼 - 現在就行動！

We’ve got a link in the description down below to make it real easy for you, even can run on your phone. Make sure you let us know down the comment what you think about fats and subscribe for more DNews.

為了大家的方便，我們已經在底下的敘述放上連結，甚至可以在手機上使用。順便留言告訴我們你對脂肪的想法，並訂閱看更多DNews影片。