usual, with IELTS lessons, I will be speaking a little bit faster than normal. It's good

照例，在雅思的課程，我講話速度會比平常稍微快一點。這可以當做

for your listening practice. But if you're not taking the IELTS, you can still listen

很好的聽力練習。如果你沒有要參加雅思考試，你還是可以聽

and try to follow us as we go through this section.

並試著瞭解這一堂課所講的內容

So, let's begin. Today, I'm going to look at the IELTS reading section. I'm going to

那麼，我們就開始吧。今天，我要講解雅思的閱讀測驗，我將

look at three different approaches to tackling the IELTS reading section. Students always

用三種不同的方法來突破雅思閱讀測驗。學生經常

ask me: "What should I do with the reading? How do I do it? How can I finish on time?

問我：「遇到閱讀測驗我該怎麼辦？我該如何作答？怎樣才能在限時內完成？

How can I answer more questions?" Right? So I'm going to give you three approaches, three

怎樣才能多答一些題目？」對吧？所以我要告訴你三種方法，用三種

different ways to try to do the IELTS. Okay? We're going to look at three different ways.

不同的方式來解題雅思。我們就來看看這三種不同的方法

They're completely different from each other.

三種方法互不相同。

The most important thing I want to tell you before we start: you have to know what works

在開始講解前我要告訴你最重要的事：你必須知道那種方法

for you. Okay? One of these approaches will work for you; the others may not. Practice

對你最實用。三種方法中會有一種對你最實用；其他兩種可能不實用。先練習

all three. If you're comfortable with one and it seems to work for you, and your score

全部三種，如果你對其中一種使用起來感覺比較自在而且有效，你得的分數

seems to be getting better, stick with that one and practice that one. Don't try to do

好像也比較高，那就專注這一種來練習。不要想

all three each time. Figure out which one works, and just practice that one the most.

每一次三種都做。找出那種最有效，就儘量針對那種來練習

Okay?

好嗎？

The most obvious one and the first one we're going to talk about: read the entire passage,

我要講的第一種方法也是最簡單的：將整篇文章讀完，

and then tackle the questions. Now, a few things to say, good and bad, about this approach.

然後再針對問題作答。現在，有幾件事要講一下，有關這個方法，好的和壞的

So, you have 20 minutes, let's say, that you're going to start from the first passage, you're

每篇你有二十分鐘，我們先這樣說，讀完第一篇文章，你需要

going to do about 17 minutes; the second passage, you're going to spend 20 minutes; the last

用大約17分鐘；第二篇，你要用20分鐘；最後

passage, you're going to spend 23, 24, 25 minutes. So, you have to do this very fast.

一篇，你要用23,24或25分鐘。因此，你必須讀的非常快。

So: can you read the entire passage and do the questions in that timeframe? Okay? That's

所以：在這個時間內你能讀完整篇文章也答完題目嗎？這是

the question you must ask yourself. Are you a fast reader? Can you comprehend everything

你必須問你自己的問題。你能快速閱讀嗎？你能理解所有

you're reading? How is your vocabulary? Things like this. Some people, they must read everything,

你讀過的東西嗎？你的字彙能力如何？諸如此類的問題。有些人，他們習慣

from beginning to end, and then go to the questions. But they can also keep; they can

從頭到尾全部都讀完，才開始答題。但是他們記得住，他們可以

retain the information they've read, so when they go to the questions, they know where

記住所讀過的資訊，所以當他們答題的時候，他們知道

to go back and look for the answers.

在那裡可以找到答案

Now, the good part about this is that you have all the information in your head once

這種方式的優點是一旦你讀完整篇文章你就已經將

you've read the entire passage. The bad part is that you're going to be reading the passage

所有讀過的資訊記在腦海裡了。缺點是你必須將文章讀

twice. Okay? Or not the whole passage, but you're going to read big chunks of the passage

兩遍。或者不必然是全部的文章，但你必須讀大部份的文章

twice. You'll have read it the first time, you'll go to the questions, and then you'll

兩次。你要先讀一次，然後去看題目，接著你要

be reading again to find the answers, because you're looking for specific words now. When

再讀一次找答案。因為你會尋找某一個特定的字。當

you get to the questions, sometimes it's only one word difference

你答題時，會發現有時候題目和文章

from what you read in the passage.

往往只有一字之差。

So, do I recommend this? Yes and no. If you're a fast reader and you can comprehend, then

那麼，我是不是推薦這種方法？是與不是。如果你能快速閱讀又能理解，那我就

yes, do that. If you're not a fast reader, then no, don't do this. You'll be wasting

說是，就用它吧。如果你無法快速閱讀，那就不是，不要用它。你將會浪費

too much time and reading more than you need to.

太多的時間讀一堆不是你必須讀的

What I'm going to do with these two approaches is show you how to read less. So you don't

我將用這些方法教你如何精簡閱讀。你不需要

need to read the entire passage; you just need to read the areas that contain the answers

讀完全部的文章；你只要讀有答案的

to the questions.

那一部分。

So, the second approach: go straight to the questions. You look at the question. First

第二種方法：直接作答。你注意看題目。首先，

of all, understand the type of the question. Is it a multiple choice? Is it a fill-in-the-blank,

要瞭解題型。是複選題？還是填充題？

like a summary? Are you looking for like headings for each paragraph? Are you looking for the

你在找每段的主旨嗎？你在找文章的

title? Etc. Figure out what you're looking for, read the question carefully, pick out

標題嗎？等等。弄清楚你要找什麼，題目要讀仔細。找出

the keywords in the question or the key idea in the question, and then scan the passage.

題目中的關鍵字或主旨，然後快速瀏覽文章。

Don't read the passage. Just quickly look everywhere for where that information ought to be.

不要細讀。只要很快地在這題的答案應該出現的地方查找

Now, keep in mind, you're going to have a... Let's say you're going to have four questions

記住，你會有...比如說每篇會有4個題目

in one section, four types of questions. Start with 15. Figure out what it's asking, go to

四種不同類型的題目。從第15題開始。先瞭解題目在問甚麼，再看

the passage, find out the area where that information is, and then start reading there

文章，找出來有關這個題目的資訊在文章的哪一部份，然後開始仔細的讀

to try to answer as many of the questions as you can. The problem with this approach

你能做的題目就盡量做。這種方法的缺點就是

is that sometimes question 15, the answer will be here; question 16, the answer will

有時候第15題，答案在這裡；第16題，答案卻

be here. So it's not always chronological; it's not always in order of the questions.

在這裡，題目的順序並不一定是照文章順序排列的

Some question types are in order. Okay? If you have like a summary a passage with fill-in-the-blanks,

某些題型也會照順序排列。如果你碰到是類似文意選填的填充題

and you have to summarize a certain section, then you go to the beginning, find the beginning,

你就必須先彙整那一段的大意，再從頭(第15題)開始做，

and then each one will be the same. Okay? So 15, 16, 17, 18. It will be chronological.

後面的題目就可以繼續接著做。所以15, 16, 17, 18.題可以是照順序做答的

But that's for that type of question; it doesn't apply to all question types.

但這僅限於這種類型的題目；不是所有的題目都適用。

Questions such as: "Yes/No/Not given", or: "True/False/Not given", this sometimes will

對於要你回答「Yes/No/Not given」，或: 「True/False/Not given」的題型，這種方法

work; sometimes it won't. Okay? Especially for the "Not given", because you can have

可能有效；也可能無效。尤其答案是「"Not given」的時候，因為答案

the "Yes", "Yes", "No", "Not given". Okay? So this will help you in most cases, but in

可能是「Yes」、 「Yes」、 「No」 、「Not given」。多數時候這個方法可以幫助你，

some cases, it will not help you. But practice this. If it works for you, do it. Okay? Remember:

但也會有例外。如果這個方法對你有效，著手練習就對了。記住

it's all about time management. You have to be able to get through the entire passage

今天所講的重點就是掌握時間。你必須能在一小時內將所有文章

and the entire questions three times in one hour. Yeah? You want to try to finish everything.

及題目讀過三遍。並且做完所有的題目。

Now, the third section. Before I even start to explain how it works, I want you to understand

現在我要講第三種方法，開始講之前，我要先告訴你

that it's difficult, it's really not easy, it takes a lot of practice, but if you can

這個方法很難，真的不簡單，需要大量的練習，但是只要你學會了

do this and do it well, you can finish the entire test on time and read the absolute

而且能運用自如，整個測驗就可以在規定的時間內做完，而且是用最精簡的閱讀方式

minimum that you have to. Okay?

完成。瞭解嗎？

How does this work? Before you do anything else, I want you to summarize each paragraph

這個方法怎麼用？一開始你要先將每一段大意

by itself. How do you do this? You go to the paragraph, you read the topic sentence. The

找出來。怎麼做？先找到每一段的主題句。

topic sentence will always be the first or second sentence. It will give you a general

主題句就是每一段的第一句或第二句。主題句會概要的說明

idea of what the paragraph is about. Because remember: in good writing, one paragraph has

這一段的主旨。好的文章，每一段都有

one central idea. That idea will be in the topic sentence. Once you understand what the

一個主旨。這個主旨就會在主題句裡。你瞭解

general idea is, then you scan the rest of the paragraph, looking for keywords that support

主旨是甚麼以後，再快速瀏覽該段文章其他的部份，找出支持主題句論點

that topic sentence.

的關鍵字。

Once you have the topic, once you find the keywords that support that topic, then you

當你找到主題，及支持主題論點的關鍵字，你就會

know what this paragraph is about. Write two-three word(s) summary of that paragraph. Okay? Then,

知道整段大意為何。簡單用幾個字把這段大意註記起來

once you have the summary of everything, you do the entire passage... You should be able

如你把每一段都照這樣註記好，應該能在5到7分鐘內

to get yourself to do it 5 to 7 minutes you should be able to go through the whole passage.

就可以將整篇文章註記完成

Okay? That gives you over 10 minutes to work on the questions.

如此一來你會有超10分鐘的時間來做題目

Then you go to the questions. Now, the key is to know where the answers should be. Why?

接著開始答題。重點是你要知道答案應該在什麼地方出現。為什麼？

If you understand the question, the question is about the history of something. Well, here,

如過你知道題目在問什麼，是關於某事件的歷史。

in paragraph "A", the history of this thing. If the question is about the people involved,

你已經註記「A」段的大意是「某事件的歷史」。如果題目是有關於涉及的人物

well, here, you already wrote: "People involved". Right? So you know where to go look. So now,

在這裡你已經註記了「涉及的人物」。所以你可以知道答案在哪裡

you go straight to the paragraph where the answer should be, and you find out the information.

直接到應該出現答案的那個段落，去找你要的資訊。

Then you're... Then you're doing the same thing here. Sorry, as number two. You're matching

然後這裡依樣畫葫蘆。抱歉，應該是第二點。

keywords and matching your answers.

比對關鍵字和答案。

Now, there's two reasons this is good. One: you're reading less, two: you're doing it

有兩個理由說明這個方法很好。第一：你可以讀的精簡，第二：你答題速度可以更快。

much quicker. You've gone through the whole passage very quickly. You don't need to read

你可以很快的掌握整篇文章的大意。而省去閱讀

anything that has nothing to do with the questions. Okay? And three: one of the question types

任何與題目無關的部分。第三：有一種題型是

on the reading section is: "Give each paragraph a heading." If you did the summary, then you've

「給每段寫一個標題」。如果你已經將大意寫下來了，就等於已經

already done these questions. Okay? There's going to be usually 5 or 6 at least headings,

先做完了這類型的題目。通常一篇文章至少有5或6個標題，

like 5 or 6 paragraphs. Each one you have to give a heading to. If you've done the summary,

就像5或6個段落。每個段落要寫一個標題。如果你已經照這個方法先將每段的大意註記在旁邊。

then you've already did that question type. You look at the headings, you match them to

就等於你已經做完這種題型的題目。你看著標題，比對你註記

your summary, and then there's your answer.

的大意，這就是你的答案。

Two: if the passage does not have a title... If the passage does not have a title, automatically

如果這篇文章本身沒有標題，

you can understand one of the questions will be: "What is a good title for this passage?"

很自然的你可以猜到其中有一題可能是問：「這篇文章適合的標題是什麼？」

If you've done the summaries, already start thinking about the title if there isn't one,

如果文章沒有標題，那麼你寫好大意的時候，等於已經在思考要寫怎樣的標題。

because that's going to be one of your questions. So you're actually killing two, sometimes

因為這可能就是其中一題。你用這種方法就可有一石二鳥，

three birds with one stone by doing it this way. Okay?

甚至一石三鳥的功效。

Now, I know it's not easy. I know it's very difficult, it takes a lot of practice, but

我知道這個方法不簡單。很困難，需要很多的練習，

we're going to work on one paragraph together just so you know what I'm talking about.

現在我們一起來練習一段文章，好讓大家體驗一下我講的到底是什麼。

Okay, so now, let's look at how to do approach three, how to do a bit of a summary of a paragraph.

如何運用第三種方法，來寫出某一段的大意，

So what we're looking at here, we're looking at a passage. I'll give you a background,

現在各位看到的就是一段文章。先說明一下背景知識，

because actually you can see I only have one paragraph and not even a complete paragraph,

你看到的只是一小段甚至是不完整的文章，

because it was too long. But this is a passage about the history of recorded music or even

因為原文太長了。主要在講錄製音樂甚至錄製聲音發展的

recorded sound. This is not the first paragraph. The first paragraph was probably an introduction

歷史。這不是第一段。第一段可能是介紹

about sound recordings, because today, we have all kinds of different ways of listening

如何將聲波記錄下來。現今，我們有很多方式可以

to music. We have iPod, MP3 player, all kinds of digital recordings. We used to have CDs,

聽音樂。有 iPod，MP3 player，各樣的數位錄音裝置。而過去我們有CD

and we used to have 8-tracks, and vinyl records, and tapes. So what we're looking at is the

我們有匣式錄音，黑膠唱片，錄音帶。所以我們在看的是

history and probably evolution of recorded music.

錄音技術演進的歷史或進化史。

So, now, what came probably before this paragraph was a paragraph about the phonautograph, which

我們可以猜想到這段文章的前一段會是介紹聲波振記器，

is a type of machine that was invented a long time ago to record sound. We also had a paragraph

那是最早的發明的一種機器，這個機器成功紀錄下了聲波圖。也可能有一段文章

about how it worked, how it did this. Okay? So now, when we get to this paragraph, we

是介紹這個機器如何運作。現在我們對於這一段文章的背景

already have some background information, and now we want to know what this paragraph

已經有一些基本認識，接著要來瞭解如何在不用讀完整段文章的情況下

is about without reading the entire paragraph.

就可以知道它的大意。

So we read the topic sentence, which is basically and usually the first sentence. "The Phonautograph

先找到主題句，通常是第一句。「聲波振記器

eventually evolved into the Phonograph." So now, what is the main idea of this...? Of

最終進化成留聲機。」這句話的

this paragraph? It's about the change into something else, or the next step. Okay? How

主旨是什麼？是在講某樣東西變成另一樣東西或是發展至下一個進程？

do we know? We have the word "eventually", which suggests time, something is happening

要怎樣才知道？我們看到「最終」這個字，因為它顯示了時間的因素，某些事情隨著

over time. "Evolved", "evolved" means changed into something better, usually. Evolution

時間產生了變化，「進化」的意思是變得更好，(再重複說一遍)

is usually into something better. Devolution, something worse. "Into the Phonograph", and

退化，則是是變得更差。「變成留聲機」，

we're going to find out: what is a Phonograph? Okay? So this, right away, we have the idea

我們要來弄清楚：什麼是留聲機？我們得到一個概念

that this paragraph is about the evolution or the change into the Phonograph, the next

這一段是有關留聲機是由聲波振記器

step from what came before.

進化而成。

So now, what we want to do... We don't want to read the rest. We want to confirm our idea

接著，我們要做的是‧‧‧ 我們不需要讀其餘的部分。我們要確認

that this is about the evolution of something, of the Phonograph. We want to find keywords

我們的概念就是有關某件東西的進化史，這件東西就是留聲機。我們要找出關鍵字

in the paragraph to support that. So, first of all, we have Thomas Edison. He wasn't mentioned

來支持這個論點。首先，我們看到Thomas Edison(愛迪生)這個名字。文章之前

before; he's mentioned now. If you know who he is, he's a famous inventor from a long

沒有提到他；現在才提到。如果你知道它是誰，他是一個以前著名的發明家

time ago. He "discovered" something. Okay? Usually evolutions come with discoveries.

他發現了某些東西。通常進化是隨著發現而來。

We have an "1878", we have "1887" also. We have time progression. Okay?

我們看到「1878」，也看到「1887」。時間在往前進。

Now, he found a "way". Before, we spoke about how sound was recorded on a cylindrical, like

他找到了「方法」。 之前，我們提到聲波是如何在刻錄在圓筒上，

a disc that spun like this, cylindrically. Okay? And it went like this, and something

好像圓盤這樣旋轉，轉動的時候聲波就被

was grooved onto it. Now, we have: "He discovered a way to record on impressionable material

刻成溝槽記錄下來。當我們看到「他發現了一個方法將聲波刻錄在有敏感度的材料

- tinfoil, lead", so different material. Okay? Before it was on metal with charcoal, basically.

-錫箔，鉛上面」，不同的材料。在這之前聲波圖是用炭筆畫在金屬上。

Again, we don't know that here; we knew that from the paragraph before. Now we have different

再說一次，光從這裡無從得知這些背景資訊，我們是從是從前面的段落得知的。文章提到不同

material, so again, we have evolution, "or wax".

的材料，我們知道有進化在發生，「或是蠟」

And then we continue reading, then "discovery", blah, blah, blah, we're continuing to reading.

然後繼續閱讀，讀到「discovery」，等‧‧‧

Oh, we have a "flat disc". Before, we had a cylinder. Now we have a flat disc. Okay?

喔，我們讀到「扁平的盤子」。前面我們讀到的是圓筒。現在則是扁平的盤子。

"Creating a medium", we have a new medium. We have a new name. Somebody else is now getting

「創造出一個媒介」，一個新的媒介。這有一個新的名字Emile Berliner。看到這個名字我們知道

involved in this evolution. Okay? Now: "instead of tracing", now, this word "instead" tells

有其他人也和這個進化有關。「取代之前的記錄方式」。「取代」這個字

you that instead of what was here, we now have something else. "Over a rotating" something

告訴我們本來在這裡的被取代了，有了新的東西。「在一個旋轉的」東西上，

else, and: "the resulting disc". Right? So everything points to an evolution of something;

「所產生的唱片」。所有的描述都在說明一件東西的進展；

we're going to the next step, to a different way of recording sound.

往進階發展，找到一個不同的方法來錄製聲音。

So now, what do we want to do? On the side... We don't want to write a full sentence. We

我們要做的是在旁邊寫下註記...不需要寫整句。

don't want to take this full paragraph and summarize it in one or two sentences. We want

我們不需寫一兩個完整的句子來彙整這一段的大意。

to summarize it in one or two words. Okay? We already have the word "evolution" in our

只要用一兩個字就夠了。我們腦海裡已經有「進化」這個字了

minds. Very simple. There's a new medium. This paragraph is about the new medium. In

很簡單。有一個新的媒介。整段在講這個新的媒介。

the... In which case is going to be the disc. Okay? I could write: "New medium - disc".

這個新的媒介就是唱片。可以這樣寫：「新媒介 ─ 唱片」

The last paragraph: the cylinder. This paragraph: the disc. The next paragraph... I mean, this

前一段：圓筒。這一段：唱片。下一段...文章會繼續下去

paragraph will continue. If you go to www.engvid.com and take the quiz, you will see the entire

如果你到www.engvid.com這個網址做一下測驗題，你可就可以看到這一段完整

paragraph there, it will make more sense. But here, I have a brief explanation of how

的內容，就更能理解。我已經簡單說明

the disc worked as compared to the cylinder, and I also have an explanation of why it was

相較於圓筒，唱片是怎樣發聲的，我也說明了為什麼唱片比較好

good, why it was an evolution, why they did this.

為什被稱為進化，為什麼他們要做這件事。

Then the next paragraph will likely go to the next step. The next step will be electrical,

下一段可能就是要講再進階的發展。將會是與電有關的，

and then you have magnetic, and then you have digital, and then you have all kinds of steps

然後是磁鐵，再來是數位，你會知道錄製音樂從最初到今日

from the beginning of the recording of music till today. Okay? Because it's the history

每一個階段是如何發展的。這就是整個歷史

of... The entire passage is about the history of recorded music.

整段文章就是有關錄音發展的歷史。

So, now, when I go to my questions and they ask a question about the disc or they ask

再回到題目，當被問到有關唱片或

a question about Emile Berliner, or they ask a question about mass production of music

Emile Berliner這個人，或有關錄音的媒介大量生產，

mediums or media, you know where to come looking. The answer should be in here somewhere, because

你會知道去哪裡找答案。答案應該在這附近，

this is where they're talking about the disc, this is where they're talking about the next

這裡提到唱片，提到下一個進程，

step, where they're talking about mass production, which will come a little bit later. Oh, here,

稍後面會提到大量生產，噢，就是這裡。

"mass produced". Okay? So you know all this because you're talking about the new medium

「大量生產」。你知道這些因為這一段就是講新的媒介

- the disc.

─ 唱片

Now, this is especially, especially effective for the "Yes/No/Not given" or the "True/False/Not

這種方法對「Yes/No/Not given」或「True/False/Not given」題型特別有效

given" questions. Especially in that especially the "Not given" because "Yes/No", "True/False",

尤其如果答案是「Not given」，因為如果答案是「Yes/No」、 「True/False」，