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  • One day the universe will die.

    宇宙終將死亡。

  • But why? And how? And will the universe be dead forever?

    但為何?如何?而且宇宙會永遠死亡嗎?

  • And how do we know that?

    況且,我們是怎麼知道的?

  • First of all, the universe is expanding.

    首先,宇宙正在膨脹。

  • And not only that, the rate of its expansion is accelerating.

    應該說不只是膨脹,宇宙正在加速膨脹。

  • The reason: dark energy.

    原因:暗能量。

  • Dark energy is a strange phenomenon that scientists believe permeates the universe.

    科學家相信宇宙被這個稱為暗能量的奇異現象支配。

  • Until 1998, we thought that the universe must work a bit like a ball that you throw into the sky.

    一直到1998年,我們終於了解到,宇宙就像一個拋向天空的小球。

  • The ball moves up, but at some point it has to come down again.

    球向上飛行,但總是會在某個時間再次落下。

  • But the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.

    但宇宙的膨脹速度實際上是在加速。

  • That’s like throwing a ball up and watching it fly away faster and faster and faster.

    就像把小球丟向空中,然後看著它飛得越來越快。

  • Where is this acceleration coming from?

    那加速度究竟來自何處?

  • Well, we don’t know, but we call it "dark energy".

    這個嘛,我們不知道,但我們叫他 [ 暗能量 ]。

  • Einstein thought of it first and then decided it was stupid.

    愛因斯坦首先意識其存在,但他認為暗能量很蠢。

  • Now, astrophysicists have decided it is plausible.

    現在的天文學家認為它的存在可能性很高。

  • Trouble is, this is all very theoretical, and we don’t actually know what the properties of dark energy are.

    問題是,它是個理論,而我們實際上也並不知道暗能量的性質。

  • But there are various theories and they lead us to three scenarios for the end of the universe.

    但有多種理論闡述宇宙的三種可能終點。

  • One: the Big Rip.

    第一種:[ 大撕裂 ]。

  • Since its birth, the universe has been expanding.

    自誕生起,宇宙從未停止膨脹。

  • For unknown reasons new spaces created everywhere equally.

    而基於某種未知的理由, 膨脹所產生的空間在各處平均分配著。

  • The space between galaxies expands, so they move apart.

    由於星系與星系間的空間擴張, 所以它們的距離越來越遠。

  • The space inside galaxies also expands, but here, gravity is strong enough to keep them together.

    雖然而在星系內的空間也在擴張, 但是重力的強度依然足夠維持星系的完整。

  • In the Big Rip scenario, the expansion accelerates up to a point where space expands so fast that gravity can’t compensate for this effect anymore.

    在大撕裂模型中,空間膨脹的速度變得極端的快速,快到重力再也無法抵銷它的效果。

  • The result is a Big Rip.

    結果就是 [ 大撕裂 ]。

  • At first, only large structures like galaxies are torn apart, since space between the single objects expands very fast.

    首先,像星系一樣的大型結構遭到撕裂,成因自然是因為空間的快速膨脹。

  • Next, big bodies like black holes, stars, and planets die.

    接著,像黑洞,恆星和行星一樣的大型天體死亡。

  • Their gravity isn’t strong enough to keep them together, so they dissolve into their components.

    因為他們的重力再也沒能力將他們聚在一起,所以他們溶解成其組成物質。

  • In the end, space would expand faster than the speed of light.

    最後,空間擴張的速度會追過光速。

  • Atoms would now be affected, and they would just disband.

    原子會被其影響而無法形成鍵結(原子的畫像僅為示意圖)。

  • Once space is expanding faster than light, no particle in the universe can interact with any other particle anymore.

    當擴張速度超越光速,宇宙中的任何粒子將再也無法產生任何交互作用。

  • The universe would dissolve into countless lonely particles that won’t be able to touch anything else in a strange, timeless universe.

    宇宙將溶解成無法相互接觸的無數孤單粒子,而他們會在這個奇異,沒有時間的空間中永遠漂流。

  • Hmm, and you thought you felt lonely!

    嗯.......而你說你很孤單?

  • Two: Heat death or a Big Freeze.

    第二種: [ 熱寂 ] 或 [ 冷寂 ]。

  • In a nutshell, the difference between the Big Rip and heat death is that in a heat death scenario matter stays intact and is converted over an incredibly long but finite period of time into radiation, while the universe expands forever.

    簡單來說,熱寂和大撕裂的不同處在於,在熱寂中大多物質維持其原本樣貌而且穩定,有耐性的耗費無限長的時間衰變成放射線,而同時,宇宙也會永遠的擴張。

  • But how does this work? Let’s talk about entropy.

    怎麼做到? 我們得先談談 [ 熵 ]。

  • Every system tends towards the state of highest entropy, like when we have a latte macchiato.

    所有系統總是傾向變成於最高熵的形態,就像這杯咖啡一樣。

  • Initially, it has different regions, but over time, they will cool down and disintegrate, until it’s uniform.

    雖然在一開始時,存在著不同的溫度,但隨時間過去,它總是會降溫和瓦解,直到所有區域都統一。

  • And this also applies to the universe.

    這觀點也適用於宇宙。

  • So, while the universe gets bigger and bigger, matters slowly decays and spreads out.

    所以,當宇宙變的越來越大,物質也慢慢的衰變與分散。

  • At some point, after lots of generations of stars, all the gas clouds necessary to form stars will be exhausted, so the universe will turn dark.

    在未來某時,數代的恆星凋亡後,而所有可以用於形成恆星的氣體雲耗盡後, 宇宙將開始轉入黑暗。

  • The remaining suns will die;

    最後一代恆星將會死亡;

  • black holes will slowly degenerate and evaporate over trillions of years due to what’s known as Hawking radiation.

    由於所謂的霍金輻射,黑洞也將慢慢的縮小,最終蒸發殆盡。

  • When this process is complete, only a dilute gas of photons and light particles remains, until even this decays.

    在黑洞蒸發殆盡後, 宇宙中僅會殘存少量的光子與輕粒子存在,直到那些粒子也衰變。

  • All activity in the universe ceases at this point;

    所有宇宙中的活動終於止息;

  • entropy is at its maximum and the universe is dead forever.

    熵終於到達最大值,宇宙也正式完全死亡。

  • Unlesstheoretically, it might be possible that after an incredibly long amount of time,

    除非......理論上,在一段無限長的時間過後,

  • there might be a spontaneous entropy decrease as a result of something called "quantum tunneling", leading to a new Big Bang.

    熵可能會自然的減少,並引發一個稱為[ 量子穿隧 ] 的效應,而再一次出現大霹靂。

  • Three: Big Crunch and Big Bounce.

    第三種:[ 大擠壓 ] 和 [ 大反彈 ]。

  • This is the most uplifting scenario.

    這個是所有理論中最正向的。

  • If there is less dark energy than we think or it decreases over time, gravity will be the dominating force in the universe one day.

    如果暗能量比我們所想像的要少, 或如果暗能量會隨著時間減少,重力將會再次稱霸宇宙。

  • In a few trillion years, the rate of expansion of the universe will slow down and stop.

    在數兆年內,宇宙的擴張速率將會減速,甚至停止。

  • After that, it reverses.

    在那以後,一切會反向進行。

  • Galaxies will race at each other, merging as the universe becomes smaller and smaller.

    星系會隨著宇宙的縮小而慢慢融合,宇宙也會變的越來越小。

  • Since a smaller universe also means a hotter universe, temperatures rise everywhere all at once.

    由於較小的宇宙也意味著較高溫的宇宙,溫度會在宇宙各處同時上升。

  • One hundred thousand years before the Big Crunch, background radiation would be hotter than the surfaces of most stars, which means that they would be cooked from the outside.

    在大擠壓發生千年前,背景輻射會變的比大多恆星都高,這也代表他們會被從外往內加溫。

  • Minutes before the Big Crunch happens, atom cores are ripped apart before supermassive black holes devour everything.

    在大擠壓發生幾分鐘前,原子核會被撕裂,超巨大黑洞會在不久後吞噬一切。

  • Finally, all black holes would emerge into a supermassive mega-black hole that contains the entire mass of the universe,

    最後,所有的黑洞會融合成一個非常巨大的黑洞,它擁有整個宇宙的質量,

  • and in the last moment before the Big Crunch it would devour the universe, including itself.

    而它會在大擠壓前幾秒吞噬整個宇宙,甚至吞噬掉它自己。

  • The Big Bounce theory states that this has happened a lot of times and that the universe goes through an infinite cycle of expansion and contraction.

    大反彈理論認為這個過程已經發生很多次了,而宇宙也因此經歷過了無數次的爆脹和收縮。

  • Well, wouldn’t that be nice?

    這樣不是也很好嗎?

  • So what will actually happen to the universe in the end?

    所以宇宙壽命的終點究竟會發生什麼事呢?

  • At the moment, heat death seems the most likely, but we at Kurzgesagt hope that this "dead forever" stuff is wrong and the universe will start over and over again.

    從現在看來,熱寂似乎是最有可能的結局,但我們Kurzgesagt希望這個永遠的死亡是錯的,而宇宙將一次又一次的重新開始。

  • We don't know for sure either way, so let’s just assume the most uplifting theory is true.

    既然我們完全不知未來的發展, 不如就假設最正向的理論是正確的吧。

  • By the way, we have a Twitter account.

    喔,對了,我們有推特帳號喔。

  • Subtitles by the Amara.org community

    字幕由 Amara.org community 提供。

One day the universe will die.

宇宙終將死亡。

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