Name: 【TED】弗雷迪-佩切利：一位法醫人類學家，為 "失蹤者 "帶來了結局。 (【TED】Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the “disappeared")
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:30:21.000Z
Duration: 8 min 45 s

Guatemala is recovering from
a 36-year armed conflict.

瓜地馬拉正在
從36年前的武力衝突中恢復過來

基礎被動語態

A conflict that was fought
during the Cold War.

程度副詞

It was really just 
a small leftist insurgency

那其實只是一個很小的左翼暴動

和一個政府方面
具有極端破壞性的反應

What we have as a result
is 200,000 civilian victims,

160,000 of those
killed in the communities:

其中16萬人在他們的社區內被殺

small children, men, women, 
the elderly even.

And then we have 
about 40,000 others, the missing,

Now, 83 percent of the victims 
are Mayan victims,

有百分之八十三的受害者是馬雅人

of the original inhabitants of 
Central America.

And only about 17 percent are of 
European descent.

只有差不多百分之十七
是歐洲人的後代

But the most important thing here is that

the very people who are supposed to 
defend us, the police, the military,

那些應該是要保護我們的人，
警察和軍隊

are the ones that committed
most of the crimes.

They want the bodies of their loved ones.

他們要取回他們所愛的家人的屍體

But most of all,
what they want is they want you,

they want everyone to know
that their loved ones did nothing wrong.

他們要每個人都知道
他們所愛的家人並沒有做錯任何事

Now, my case was that my father
received death threats in 1980.

我家的情況是
我父親在1980年受到死亡威脅

實際上我是在布魯克林區長大的
我上過新優翠特高中

I grew up in Brooklyn as a matter of fact,
and I went to New Utrecht High School

我真的不知道在瓜地馬拉
究竟發生了什麼事

I really didn't know what 
was happening in Guatemala.

I didn't care for it; it was too painful.

一直到1995年
我才決定要為它做點什麼

But it wasn't till 1995 that I decided
to do something about it.

我回到瓜地馬拉
去尋找那些被殺害者的屍體

I went back to Guatemala, 
to look for the bodies,

去了解事件的真相
也去尋找我自己的一部分

to understand what happened
and to look for part of myself as well.

我們工作的方式是：
由我們給大家資訊

The way we work is that
we give people information.

We talk to the family members
and we let them choose.

我們讓他們決定
要不要將他們的故事告訴我們

We let them decide to tell
us the stories,

告訴我們關於他們所愛的家人的事

我們讓他們決定
是否給我們他們自己的一部分

we let them choose to
give us a piece of themselves.

主要是，”他們是誰“的一部分

And that DNA is what we're 
going to compare

to the DNA that comes
from the skeletons.

在做那個的同時
我們也在找受害者的屍體

While we're doing that, though,
we're looking for the bodies.

most of these crimes 
happened 32 years ago.

我們清掉泥土，最後清潔身體，
做資料，再取出來

we take out the dirt and eventually clean 
the body, document it, and exhume it.

We literally bring the 
skeleton out of the ground.

拿到這些屍體後, 我們將他們
帶回到我們所在城市的實驗室

Once we have those bodies, though,
we take them back to the city, to our lab,

然後我們開始試著去
了解主要的兩點：

and we begin a process of trying
to understand mainly two things:

這裡你看到的是從頭後面開槍的傷口

So here you see a gunshot
wound to the back of the head

另一點我們要了解的是他們是誰

The other thing we want to understand
is who they are.

what we'll do is we'll take a small 
fragment of the bone

and then we'll compare it with the
DNA of the families, of course.

為各位解釋這一點的最好方法
就是讓你們看兩個例子

The best way to explain this to you
is by showing you two cases.

The first is the case 
of the military diary.

這個是在1999年
從某處偷渡出來的文件

Now this is a document that was smuggled
out of somewhere in 1999.

然後你這裡看到的是政府追踪一個人

And what you see there
is the state following individuals,

一個像你一樣
想要改變他們的國家的人

people that, like you, 
wanted to change their country,

他們寫下來的其中一件事是
他們殺害這些人的日期

And one of the things that they wrote 
down is when they executed them.

Inside that yellow rectangle, 
you see a code,

那個300是指“已殺害” 
那個日期是他們被殺害的日期

The 300 means "executed" and the date 
means when they were executed.

Now that's going to come
into play in a second.

What we did is we conducted
an exhumation in 2003,

那次我們在一個軍事基地內的
53個墳墓挖出了220個屍體

where we exhumed 220 bodies
from 53 graves in a military base.

而從第九號墳墓堆出來的
是沙基歐·沙無·李拿瑞斯

Grave 9, though, matched the family
of Sergio Saul Linares.

Now Sergio was a professor
at the university.

and went back to Guatemala
to change his country.

And he was captured on 
February 23, 1984.

如果你看得到的話
他是在1984年3月29日被殺的

And if you can see there, he was 
executed on March 29, 1984,

我們有屍體，家人資料
和他們的DNA

We had the body, we had the family's 
information and their DNA,

現在我們也有文件資料
告訴我們發生的事情

and now we have documents
that told us exactly what happened.

But most important is about
two weeks later,

也是在同一個墳墓
叫做阿曼西歐·威亞頭羅

from the same grave to Amancio Villatoro.

那個屍體的DNA
也和那個家人配對成功

The DNA of that body
also matched the DNA of that family.

然後我們也注意到
他也被記載在日記裡

And then we noticed
that he was also in the diary.

驚人的是 他也是在
1984年3月29日被殺的

But it was amazing to see that he was 
also executed on March 29, 1984.

那讓我們開始思考，
到底那個墳墓有幾個屍體

So that led us to think, hmm, 
how many bodies were in the grave?

然後我們就在想到底有幾個人
在1984年3月29日被殺呢

So then we said, how many people
were executed on March 29, 1984?

我們找到璜·德·蒂歐斯，
烏鉤，摩伊瑟斯和索依樓

So we have Juan de Dios, Hugo,
Moises and Zoilo.

他們在不同地方被抓
但都是在同一天被殺

All of them executed on the same date, 
all captured at different locations

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【TED】弗雷迪-佩切利：一位法醫人類學家，為 "失蹤者 "帶來了結局。 (【TED】Fredy Peccerelli: A forensic anthropologist who brings closure for the “disappeared")

people

identify

military

conduct