it will appear inflated,

呈現膨脹的狀態

with its eyes bulging out of their sockets

眼珠從眼窩凸出

and its stomach projecting out of its mouth,

牠的胃從嘴裡吐出來

as if its been blown up like a balloon.

就像一顆充飽氣的氣球

This type of bodily damage, caused by rapid changes in pressure,

這是快速的壓力改變所造成的身體傷害

is called barotrauma.

稱為「擠壓傷害」

Under the sea, pressure increases by 14.7 pounds per square inch

在海面下，每下探 33 英尺壓力會增加每平方英吋 14.7 磅

for every 33 foot increase in depth.

在海面下，每下探 33 英尺壓力會增加每平方英吋 14.7 磅

So, take the yelloweye rockfish,

舉可在 1800 英尺深生活的「銼頭平鮋」（石斑魚）為例

which can live as deep as 1800 feet,

舉可在 1800 英尺深生活的「銼頭平鮋」（石斑魚）為例

where there's over 800 pounds of pressure on every square inch.

牠承受了每平方英吋超過 800 磅的壓力

That's equivalent to the weight of a polar bear balancing on a quarter.

那等同於一隻四分之一北極熊的重量

Now, Boyle's gas law states

波以耳-馬略特定律說明

that the volume of a gas is inversely related to pressure.

氣體的體積與壓力成反比

So, any air-filled spaces, like a rockfish's swim bladder,

所以任何有氣體的空間，像是石斑魚的魚鰾

or human lungs,

或是人類的肺臟

will compress as they descend deeper

會隨著深度增加而壓縮

and expand as they ascend.

隨著上升高度而膨脹

After a fish bites a fisherman's hook and is quickly reeled up to the surface,

當魚咬到魚鉤並被快速拉到水面上

the air in its swim bladder begins to expand.

在魚鰾裡的空氣便開始膨脹

Its rapid expansion actually forces the fish's stomach out of its mouth,

於是快速膨脹的壓力把魚的胃壓迫出口腔

while the increased internal pressure pushes its eyes out of their sockets,

而增加的內壓則將魚眼珠推出眼窩

a condition called exophthalmia.

這個症狀稱為「眼球突出(症)」

Sometimes rockfish eyes will even have a crystallized appearance

有時石斑魚甚至會因角膜肺氣腫

from corneal emphysemas,

而使水晶體混著

little gas bubbles that build up inside the cornea.

角膜裡會出現小氣泡

Thankfully, a scuba diver doesn't have a closed swim bladder to worry about.

幸好，潛水員不需要擔心魚鰾

A diver can regulate pressure in her lungs by breathing out as she ascends,

潛水員可以在上升時藉由吐氣調整肺部的壓力

but must be wary of other laws of physics that are at play under the sea.

但一定要謹慎注意水下物理原理的運作

Henry's law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid

亨利定律指出溶於液體中的氣體

is proportional to its partial pressure.

相當於一部分的壓力

The air a diver breathes is 78% nitrogen.

潛水員呼吸中有78%的氮氣

At a higher pressure under the sea,

在高壓的水底下

the nitrogen from the air in a scuba tank

氧氣筒中的氮氣

diffuses into a diver's tissues in greater concentrations than it would on land.

會比在陸地上更容易以高濃縮方式擴散到潛水員的臟器組織內

If the diver ascends too quickly,

如果潛水員上升過快

this built up nitrogen can come out of solution

產生出來的氮氣就會進到溶液中

and form microbubbles in her tissues, blood and joints,

並在組織、血液和關節裡形成微氣泡

causing decompression sickness, aka the bends.

就會造成「減壓症」（潛水夫病）

This is similar to the fizz of carbon dioxide coming out of your soda.

就跟氣水冒出二氧化碳氣泡的原理相似

Gas comes out of solution when the pressure's released.

當壓力釋放，氣體就會從溶液中跑出來

But for a diver, the bubbles cause severe pain

但對潛水者來說，氣泡造成嚴重的疼痛

and sometimes even death.

有時甚至會死亡

Divers avoid falling victim to the bends by rising slowly

潛水者為了防止潛水夫病，要慢慢上升

and taking breaks along the way, called decompression stops,

沿途稍作停留，稱為「減壓停止」

so the gas has time to diffuse back out of their tissues

這樣氣體才有時間在組織內擴散

and to be released through their breath.

並透過呼吸釋放出去

Just as a diver needs decompression,

就像潛水者需要減壓一樣

for a fish to recover, it needs recompression,

要讓魚復原，就需要再壓縮

which can be accomplished by putting it back in the sea.

可以把牠放回海裡

But that doesn't mean that fish should just be tossed overboard.

但這不表示魚只需要被丟出船外

An inflated body will float

牠膨脹的身體會浮起

and get scooped up by a hungry sea lion or pecked at by seagulls.

然後被飢餓的海獅吃掉或被海鷗啄食

There's a common myth

有個常見的迷思

that piercing its stomach with a needle will let air escape,

就是用針刺牠的胃，讓氣體排出

allowing the fish to swim back down on its own.

魚就可以自己游回去了

But that is one balloon that shouldn't be popped.

但這顆氣球不該被刺破

To return a fish properly to its habitat,

要讓魚可以正常的回到棲地

fisherman can use a descending device instead

釣魚者可以用下降裝置

to lower it on a fishing line and release it at the right depth.

將釣魚線降下，到一個適當的深度將魚放走

As it heads home and recompression reduces gas volume,

當牠回到牠的家並再壓縮減少氣體體積

its eyes can return to their sockets and heal,

牠的眼珠就會回到牠的眼窩復原

and its stomach can move back into place.

牠的胃也會回到原本的位置

This fish will live to see another day,

這條魚就可以繼續活下去

once more free to swim, eat, reproduce and replenish the population.

更自由的游泳、覓食、繁衍，擴充牠們的數量