we tend to think about roads and streets and buildings,

我們很容易想到街道及建築物，

and the settlement narrative that led to their creation,

以及村落追溯起源的故事，

or you might think about the bold vision of an urban designer,

你可能還會想到 都市設計師的大膽願景，

but there's other ways to think about mapping cities

但是還有其他的方法繪製城市，

and how they got to be made.

及如何表現出來。

Today, I want to show you a new kind of map.

今天，我要讓你們看一下新種地圖。

This is not a geographic map.

這不是地理圖。

This is a map of the relationships between people in my hometown

這是我住的城市的人際關係圖，

of Baltimore, Maryland,

即馬里蘭州巴爾的摩市。

and what you can see here is that each dot represents a person,

你們在這裡看見的 每個點都代表一個人，

each line represents a relationship between those people,

每條線代表人與人之間的關係，

and each color represents a community within the network.

每個顏色則代表 網絡上的不同社群。

Now, I'm here on the green side, down on the far right where the geeks are,

那，我在綠色這邊， 即下面最右邊技客所在地，

and TEDx also is down on the far right. (Laughter)

TEDx 也在下面最右邊。（笑聲）

Now, on the other side of the network,

那，網絡的另一邊，

you tend to have primarily African-American and Latino folks

有非洲裔及拉丁裔群集的傾向，

who are really concerned about somewhat different things than the geeks are,

他們真正關心的跟技客大不同，

but just to give some sense,

但要讓你們更瞭解情況，

the green part of the network we call Smalltimore,

網絡上綠色的部份 我們稱之為小巴爾的摩，

for those of us that inhabit it,

我們這些當地居民都這麼叫它，

because it seems as though we're living in a very small town.

因為我們就好像 住在一個小城一樣。

We see the same people over and over again,

我們總是看到同一批人，

but that's because we're not really exploring

但那是因為我們沒有真正去探索

the full depth and breadth of the city.

這個城市的深度與廣度。

On the other end of the network,

在網絡的另一端，

you have folks who are interested in things like hip-hop music

你有對嘻哈音樂感興趣的人，

and they even identify with living in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area

他們甚至認為自己還比較像 生活在大華府地區的人，

over, say, the Baltimore city designation proper.

不像巴爾的摩人。

But in the middle, you see that there's

但在中間，你們可以看見

something that connects the two communities together,

有東西將這兩個族群連在一起，

and that's sports.

那就是運動。

We have the Baltimore Orioles, the Baltimore Ravens football team,

我們有巴爾的摩金鶯隊， 巴爾的摩烏鴉美式足球隊，

Michael Phelps, the Olympian.

麥可·菲爾普斯，奧運選手。

Under Armour, you may have heard of, is a Baltimore company,

安德瑪 (Under Armour) 運動品牌， 你們大概聽過，是家巴爾的摩公司，

and that community of sports acts as the only bridge

而那個運動族群

between these two ends of the network.

是這網絡兩端的唯一橋樑。

Let's take a look at San Francisco.

再來看看舊金山。

You see something a little bit different happening in San Francisco.

你看舊金山的情況有點不同。

On the one hand, you do have the media, politics and news lobe

一方面，你的確有 媒體、政治及新聞那塊

that tends to exist in Baltimore and other cities,

跟巴爾的摩及其他城市一樣，

but you also have this very predominant group

但你也有這塊非常明顯的

of geeks and techies that are sort of taking over the top half of the network,

技客和電子族群， 他們占了網絡的上半部，

and there's even a group that's so distinct and clear

還有一群人，非常清楚明顯，

that we can identify it as Twitter employees,

我們都能看出他們是推特員工，

next to the geeks, in between the gamers and the geeks,

位在技客旁邊， 在電玩家與技客之間，

at the opposite end of the hip-hop spectrum.

在嘻哈端的另一頭。

So you can see, though,

然而你們可以看到，

that the tensions that we've heard about in San Francisco

我們聽說在舊金山有種緊張情勢，

in terms of people being concerned about gentrification

就是人們擔心仕紳化，

and all the new tech companies that are bringing new wealth

及科技新貴公司把新財富

and settlement into the city are real,

及新社區帶進城市的 情況其實很真實，

and you can actually see that documented here.

你們可以從這個看出來。

You can see the LGBT community

你們可以看到同性戀族群

is not really getting along with the geek community that well,

與技客族群相處並不那麼融洽，

the arts community, the music community.

還有藝術族群，音樂族群。

And so it leads to things like this.

所以就產生了這個。

["Evict Twitter"]

「驅逐推特」

Somebody sent me this photo a few weeks ago,

有人幾星期前傳了這張照片給我，

and it shows what is happening on the ground in San Francisco,

這顯示了在舊金山那裡的情況，

and I think you can actually try to understand that

我想你真的可以透過 研究像這樣的地圖

through looking at a map like this.

去試著瞭解狀況。

Let's take a look at Rio de Janeiro.

再來看里約熱內盧。

I spent the last few weeks gathering data about Rio,

我花了過去幾個星期 收集里約的資料，

and one of the things that stood out to me about this city

有一件事特別吸引我注意，

is that everything's really kind of mixed up.

就是這真的是個大混缸。

It's a very heterogenous city in a way that Baltimore or San Francisco is not.

這是個非常混雜的城市， 與巴爾的摩和舊金山非常不同。

You still have the lobe of people involved

你仍然有人從事與

with government, newspapers, politics, columnists.

政府、報紙、政治、 專欄等有關的活動。

TEDxRio is down in the lower right, right next to bloggers and writers.

TEDxRio 就在右下， 與部落格主及作家相鄰。

But then you also have this tremendous diversity of people

但也有一群極大多樣性的人

that are interested in different kinds of music.

對各式不同的音樂有興趣。

Even Justin Bieber fans are represented here.

甚至小賈斯汀也有粉絲在這。

Other boy bands, country singers,

其他的男孩團體、鄉村歌手、

gospel music, funk and rap and stand-up comedy,

福音音樂、放克饒舌及單人脫口秀，

and there's even a whole section around drugs and jokes.

甚至有一整塊是毒品及笑話。

How cool is that?

這多酷啊！

And then the Flamengo football team is also represented here.

然後佛朗明哥足球隊也有一塊。

So you have that same kind of spread

所以同樣是有

of sports and civics and the arts and music,

體育、市政、藝術、音樂的分佈，

but it's represented in a very different way,

但分佈的方式卻截然不同，

and I think that maybe fits with our understanding of Rio

我認為那大概與我們 所瞭解的里約相符，

as being a very multicultural, musically diverse city.

就是一個非常多文化、 音樂多元的城市。

So we have all this data.

所以我們有這些資料。

It's an incredibly rich set of data that we have about cities now,

這組與城市有關的資料非常豐富，

maybe even richer than any data set that we've ever had before.

可能甚至比我們之前 所有的資料都要豐富。

So what can we do with it?

所以我們要怎麼用它呢？

Well, I think the first thing that we can try to understand

嗯，我想我們首先要試著去瞭解的是

is that segregation is a social construct.

隔離其實是一種社會建構。

It's something that we choose to do, and we could choose not to do it,

這是我們選擇要做的， 我們也能選擇不要做，

and if you kind of think about it,

如果你想一下，

what we're doing with this data is aiming a space telescope at a city

我們拿這組資料所做的， 就像拿太空望遠鏡來看城市，

and looking at it as if was a giant high school cafeteria,

就好像在一座龐大的高中自助餐廳，

and seeing how everybody arranged themselves in a seating chart.

去看每一個人怎麼 安排自己的座位一樣。

Well maybe it's time to shake up the seating chart a little bit.

可能是該重新改變座位表的時候了！

The other thing that we start to realize

我們開始瞭解的另一件事是，

is that race is a really poor proxy for diversity.

用種族來代表多樣性 是很糟的方法。

We've got people represented from all different types of races

我們有各式各樣的人種

across the entire map here --

分布在這整張地圖上，

only looking at race

只看種族

doesn't really contribute to our development of diversity.

不能看出多樣性的真實發展。

So if we're trying to use diversity

所以如果我們試著用多樣性

as a way to tackle some of our more intractable problems,

來解決一些棘手的問題，

we need to start to think about diversity in a new way.

我們必須開始用 新的方法思考多樣性。

And lastly, we have the ability to create

最後，我們有能力去干預，

interventions to start to reshape our cities in a new way,

以新方法開始重塑我們的城市，

and I believe that if we have that capability,

而且我相信如果我們有那種能力，

we may even bear some responsibility to do so.

我們甚至還能扛起責任來做這件事。

So what is a city?

所以，什麼是城市？

I think some might say that it is

我想有些人或許會說它是

a geographical area or a collection of streets and buildings,

地理區域或街道及建築物的組合，

but I believe that a city is the sum of the relationships

但我相信一座城市

of the people that live there,

是所有居民的關係總和。

and I believe that if we can start to document those relationships in a real way

而且我相信如果我們能以 真實的方法記錄這些關係，

then maybe we have a real shot

那或許我們真的有機會

at creating those kinds of cities that we'd like to have.

創造我們想要的城市。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）