Name: 埃博拉病毒解讀--你的身體如何為生存而戰？ (The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:24:27.000Z
Duration: 5 min 31 s

程度副詞

How can a virus overwhelm the very complex

情態副詞

就讓我們來看看伊波拉做了些什麼

它們單獨存在時，什麼事情都做不了

它們只能透過感染細胞來生存與繁殖。

and can only survive and proliferate by infecting cells.

為了避免這種事情發生，我們有免疫系統。

讓我們忽略其他部分，只看最關鍵的地方

Let's concentrate on the part that is critical to understanding Ebola

通常樹突狀細胞會啟動免疫系統

So usually dendritic cells will activate the army

wipe out the infection in a matter of days.

Some of the first cells it takes over are

伊波拉病毒和樹突細胞上的受體結合，以侵入細胞。

一旦進入細胞，伊波拉溶解了外殼並釋放

The Ebola virus enters a dendritic cell by

binding into receptors for cell transport.

Once it is inside, it dissolves its outer hull and releases

its genetic material, nucleoproteins and enzymes.

結果細胞變成了傀儡，專門用於生產病毒

disables the cells protective mechanisms and

而細胞的資源更是被盜用，來生產新病毒

當細胞資源耗盡，伊波拉將溶解細胞膜離開細胞

The cell now becomes a virus production machine

數以百萬計的病毒被釋放到組織中。

and uses its resources to build Ebola viruses.

該病毒不僅可以防止樹突狀細胞

Once the cell is saturated, it dissolves the cell membrane

and millions of viruses are released into the tissue.

The virus not only prevents the dendritic cells

from activating the specialized and anti-virus forces,

it manipulates them into sending signal proteins

into ending their own life's prematurely.

當病毒暴增，當然是指來到數十億個的時候

So the immune system is seriously disrupted

有一種細胞會殺死受感染的細胞，

稱為自然殺手細胞，但它們也在

When the virus rapidly multiplies, we're talking billions,

能遏止病毒擴散之前，慘遭感染

there are cells that should deal with infected cells,

the natural killer cells, but they also get infected

伊波拉也會透過它們發送一些信號，

not only managing to succumb them the defenses,

在正常狀況下，這是合理的，但在這狀況下

由病毒和巨噬細胞發送的信號喚醒

Usually this makes sense, but in this case

然而，嗜中性白血球幾乎無法對抗病毒，

All of the body's neutrophils are activated

awaken by the virus and the macrophages signals

嗜中性白血球會發送更多信號到血管

then are not very effective against viruses and

使發炎反應加劇，而引起內出血。

伊波拉病毒同樣也在身體的其他地方搞破壞

begin to do lots of stuffs they shouldn't do.

The neutrophils signals to the blood vessels to

release more fluid causing internal bleeding.

並導致器官衰竭和更多的內出血。

剛才所說的所有事情，都會同時發生

當病毒蔓延，這就像在身體的每一個地方都發生核爆。

it quickly stars killing lots of liver cells

身體的其中一個地方發生就已經夠難搞了

and causing organ failure and more internal bleeding.

And all those things are going on at the same time.

As the virus spreads, it is like nukes exploiting every where.

One (unintelligibly) in one region will be problem enough

But now is starting to happen everywhere at once.

All the mechanisms of the immune system have evolve to

And the virus continues to spread and spread.

And finally begins to infect more and more body cells

while the body desperately struggles to stay alive.

In a desperate last effort to turn untighted

然而這有助於將病毒避開損害，

the immune system launches a cytokine storm.

that causes the immune system to launch all of its weapons,

all at once in a desperate kamikaze attack.

因此越來越多的血液離開血流。

This helps the virus to leave behind tons of collateral damage,

身體的每一個空腔都被血液佔據。

Paradoxically the healthier the immune system,

剩下的血液不足以供給器官所需的氧氣

所以細胞開始死亡。如果你變成這樣

More and more fluid leaves the blood stream.

Blood pours after every opening of the body.

好，伊波拉聽起來超討厭。所以呢?開始發瘋尖叫慌了嗎?

that just not now blood left to supply the organs with oxygen

and cells begin to die. If you reach this point

伊波拉病毒的疫情透過報紙，YouTube影片

而被過度誇大，所以每個人都在談論伊波拉。

Currently six out of ten infected die from Ebola.

但目前只有一種途徑，才會感染伊波拉

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埃博拉病毒解讀--你的身體如何為生存而戰？ (The Ebola Virus Explained — How Your Body Fights For Survival)

cause

people

immune

desperate