and though you may not think twice about these everyday moral decisions.

不過你或許不會對日常生活中的道德決策多做思考

Calculations behind them can be pretty complicated as you're about to see in this next experiment.

如同你待會將會看到的實驗，決策背後的思考過程是非常複雜的

Imagine you're walking through the park one afternoon.

想像在某個下午，你經過一個公園

When you see someone fall down,

當你見到有人跌倒

would you lend a hand?

你會伸出援手嗎

We've enlisted the help with an actress and set up a hidden-camera experiment to see what strangers will do in this exact scenario.

我們設置了隱藏攝影鏡頭來做實驗，想請女演員假裝尋求幫助，藉此看看陌生人在這個實境情況中會如何應對

How do you think people react once our actress hits the pavement?

當我們的女演員跌撞到人行道上，你覺得人們的反應為何？

I think she may have hurt herself.

我想她可能受傷了

That didn't take long.

不久就有人來了

Within seconds, a crowd quickly gathers around ready and willing to help.

在短短幾秒內，一群人很快就聚集過來，準備幫忙

We run this experiment over and over,

我們進行這個實驗許多次

and every time people responded to help her up in less than ten seconds.

每次人們都在十秒內做出回應，幫助她站起來

Are you okay?

你還好嗎

I'm okay.

我還好

It seems people lend a helping hand to someone lying on the ground

看起來，人們似乎會對躺在地上的人伸出援手

makes you feel good about humanity, right?

會讓你對人性感覺良好，對吧

But is there anything we can do to make passersby turn a blind eye to the same person?

但是要讓行人對同樣的人視而不見，我們可以怎麼做？

What happens when we change nothing but the way our actress looks?

當我們僅僅改變了女演員的外貌，會發生什麼事？

Would you help someone up who looks so down and out?

你會幫助一個看起來很落魄潦倒的人嗎？

How would people react now?

人們現在的反應為何？

How long would it take for someone to help?

讓他人伸出援手要花多久時間？

Thirty seconds have gone by, and no one has come close to help her.

30秒過去了，沒有人接近她並幫助她

They just keep walking.

他們只是自顧自地走過

More than a minute has passed, and no one has helped.

一分鐘多過去了，依舊沒有人來幫助她

She's been on the ground for 15 minutes.

她已經躺在地上15分鐘了

Before you judge any of these people too harshly,

在你嚴厲地評論這些人之前

ask yourself, what would you do in this situation?

請你捫心自問，遇見這種情況你會怎麼做？

It seems people's brains are having a hard time seeing this woman in need.

人們在看到這個需要幫助的女人時，大腦似乎會經歷一段難熬的決策

It is if she were invisible even to this couple sitting just ten feet away.

甚至對坐在僅僅一丈之外的情侶而言，她像是隱形的

Why did so many people start to help this woman but not this woman?

為什麼許多人會對這個女人伸出援手，而非這個女人？

Why does our actress's appearance make such a huge difference?

為什麼女演員的外貌不同會造成如此巨大的差異？

Empathy is an important motivational state for determining whether or not you will help someone in need.

同情是決定是否幫助他人的一個重要動機

But what triggers our sense of empathy for others?

不過是什麼觸發我們對他人的同情心呢

Psychologists have long noted that we automatically categorize other people as members of our in group or out group.

心理學家很早就注意到，人們會自動分類其他人是否為你所屬群體的一員

Humans are a vaulting groups where our individual survival depended on the survival of others,

人類是一個群體，我們的個人生存會依賴他人的生存來維持

so it makes evolutionary sense to help people in our own groups.

所以根據進化上的原因，我們會去幫助和我們同一個群體的人