Today I want to talk about 3 stages of generosity

今天我們談談關於「慷慨」的三個階段

that I have learned along the way.

這是我一路上學到的。

The first is the obvious one which is "to give."

第一個顯然是「給予」

Repeated research shows that we are predisposed to altruism.

很多研究顯示我們往往傾向於「利他」

This is not a new thing.

這並不新奇

And all of us probably don't need research,

可能我們其實也不需要去研究

we all have had our moments.

我們都有過這樣的時刻

True story, in Mexico, on Christmas Day,

一個在墨西哥的真實案例，在聖誕節時

a father and a son are sitting by the tree.

一位父親和兒子坐在樹下

And there's a kid from the slums walking past them.

有一個貧民區的小孩走過他們身旁

Father turns to his son and says, "Son, give him one of your toys."

父親轉身和兒子說：「兒子啊，給他一個你的玩具吧！」

The son is reluctant, naturally,

兒子理所當然很不情願，

but when he sees his father is pretty serious,

但當他看到他父親表情相當嚴肅後

he picks up one of his toys,

他拿其中的一個玩具

and he picks up the least favourite toy.

是他最不喜歡的玩具

And he's about to go up there

正當他要起身走向他時

and his dad says, "Son, give him your favorite toy."

他的父親說：「兒子，把你最喜歡的玩具給他」

And the son goes up and initially, of course, he is reluctant,

他兒子站起身，一開始當然很不情願

but he actually goes out and does it.

但他仍照做了，走過去給了他

When he comes back, the father thinks he needs to appreciate

當他走回來時，父親覺得他需要讚賞

and acknowledge what his son has done.

並認同他兒子做的這一切

It was a big sacrifice.

這是一個很大的犧牲

But much to his surprise, this kid comes back with joy.

但令他驚訝的是，他的兒子帶著喜悅走了回來

He looks at his dad, looks up and he says,

他看著他父親跟他說

"Dad, that was amazing. Can I do it again?"

「爸，這感覺好棒！我可以再做一次嗎？」

And we've all had these moments.

而我們也都有過這樣的經驗

Some of us are late bloomers.

有些人比較晚熟

I was in my early twenties when a few of us got together and said,

我是在20出頭時和少數幾個朋友聚在一起聊到

"We just want to give with no strings attached. What can we do?"

「我們只想不求回報地付出，有什麼可以做呢？」

In Silicon Valley, we went to the homeless shelter

在矽谷，我們去了無家可歸的人們的避難所

and we ended up building up a website.

最後我們成立了一個網站

It felt great, we told our friends, we came back,

我們回來後告訴朋友說感覺很棒

and it became the organizing principle

而這成了我們組織的原則

for this organization called CharityFocus.

「致力善行機構」

Along the way we re-learned one very interesting insight,

這一路上我們再次學到一個非常有趣的見解

and that was this: compassion is contagious.

那就是「憐憫心是會感染的」

When you start organizations, you say,

當你開始組織一切時，會想說

"I want to grow this tree," and you focus on it,

「我想種這棵樹」，而你可以專注於它

but with compassion it doesn't work that way.

但伴隨著憐憫心，事情就不是這樣了

You actually have to nurture the whole eco-system.

實際上你必須關注於整個運作系統上

So on one side, we were doing technology work,

所以一方面，我們著手於科技相關的工作

but on the other side, on the weekends,

但另一方面，在周末時

we would go out and share meals with the homeless

我們會出去走走並和無家可歸的的人們共享食物

and learn about their perspective on life.

同時去了解他們的生活觀

On Wednesdays we'd get together in people's living rooms and meditate,

星期三時，我們會齊聚在他們的客廳沉思著

see what that is all about.

這就是我們在做的事

We would go out and do acts of kindness, this is the smile card.

我們會到處做一些善行，這就是微笑卡

It tells you to go out and do something small for someone else.

告訴你說要出去為別人做些小事情

And you do it anonymously, so the person who received it says,

並且要匿名地做，所以當人們收到幫助時就會說

"Who do I thank?"

「我該向誰道謝呢？」

Well, you can't pay back, but you can pay it forward.

是啊，你無法回報，但你可以使這份心意繼續傳遞下去

It serves as a reminder to do that.

它發揮著提醒我們去做的功用

It's very beautiful.

這是很美好的一件事

So we've realized that compassion is very contagious.

所以我們了解到憐憫心是非常具有傳染力的

Along the way --

接下去

The second stage of generosity was "to receive."

「慷慨」的第二個階段是「接收」

This is Arthur, he loves to give hugs.

他是亞瑟，他喜歡給擁抱他人

Anyone who's given a hug, which is all of us,

接收到擁抱的人，也就是我們

knows that you can't give a hug without receiving one.

都知道要擁抱他人就要先接收擁抱

And that's obvious, but where we get caught up

這是件淺而易懂的事，但我們感到困擾的是

is that so many times when we give, we expect to receive in the same way.

當我們給予時，很多時候期待能收到同等的回報

And that expectation blinds us to new forms of value.

而這樣的期待卻使我們看不清價值的不同形式

Now, in CharityFocus, we have three organizing principles.

在「致力善行機構」，我們有三個組織原則

One of them was that we don't fundraise.

其中一項就是我們不做募資活動

We did this partially just to stay humble

我們做這個，有部分原因就是要保持謙虛

and to be real, we start with what we have.

更實際一點來說，從我們所擁有的開始做起

If we have a lot, great, if we don't have a lot, great,

如果我們擁有很多，那很好！如果我們擁有的少，那也很好！

we can still serve.

我們仍可以服務他人

That was our organizing principle and we never thought we'd have abundance,

這正是我們的組織原則，我們從不認為擁有豐足的資源

but lo and behold, we actually started discovering abundance.

但你看看，其實我們漸漸發現擁有的很多

We say what was happening?

我們甚至會問說發生了什麼事啊？

The first kind of abundance we discovered

我們發現的第一種豐足的資源是

was social capital, that's "Simpson's-ville."

社會資本，也就是「辛普森村莊」

Lots and lots of people, right?

很多很多人，對吧？

And partially this is because of the Internet.

有部分原因是因為網路

It made organizing very easy.

使得組織變得相當容易

The transaction cost went down

交易的成本降低

and you saw all kinds of movements without a center.

你看到各種形式的活動，卻沒有一個主軸

Now, social capital, we have a lots of it.

我們現今有著很多的社會資本

Every time we do an event,

每次我們在辦活動時

there were hundreds of people that we'd interact with offline,

有數百位人們我們是面對面互動著

there were tens of thousands of people online, they're all mixing together,

同時也有數萬位人們在網路上聚集在一起

creating lots of ripples.

激起更多的漣漪

This was great.

這是件很棒的事

Then we went to the second stage, which was Synergistic Capital.

我們現在來看第二種「集合資本」

The Internet allows you to do loose ties,

網路使人們得以建立鬆散的關係

but what about the deep ties, when you really know somebody,

但至於那些緊密的關係，當你真的了解某人

you can look them in the eyes and share something deep and profound.

你可以不忌諱地看著他們，分享著有深度和意義深遠的事情

When you can start to create those deep ties, it increases the trust,

當你可以開始建立這些緊密的聯繫時，信任就隨之增加

and when trust is increased, productivity goes up

而當信任上升時，生產力也會隨之向上

and all this good stuff happens,

好的事情也跟著發生

but most interestingly, synergy starts to happen.

但最有趣的是，綜效作用開始醞釀

Synergy is where one plus one is no longer two.

綜效作用使原本的一加一不再是二而已

It's much more than two, it's a whole different realm of value.

將變得比二還要來的多，會是完全不同領域的價值增效

We started discovering that.

我們逐漸發現這點

And the last thing was the "Subtle Capital."

最後一項是「隱形的資本」

I am not sure how else to describe it,

我不太確定該如何形容它

but when you give, there's some inner transformation.

當你給予時，你的內心會有種轉變

That inner transformation creates a stillness in your mind

這種內心的轉變會創造出一種心靈的平靜

and that stillness is an unbelievable asset.

這樣的平靜是一種讓人難以相信的資產

When you have a posse of people committed to cultivating that stillness,

當你有一群人一起致力於陶冶出這樣的平靜

it really builds new kinds of value

新的價值觀真的會就此而生

that is unexpected and awesome and amazing.

如此出乎人意料、令人敬畏與驚奇

That was discovering an abundance.

這就是發現富足的過程

Now, the third stage, which is dance.

接下來第三個階段是「不計較地去做」

No, I'm not gonna dance. Or maybe I will.

我不是真的要跳舞。我也可能會啦

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

When you give and receive, there's a tendency to keep track.

當你付出和接受回報時，我們會傾向去記錄

Even though we might not do it overtly, subconsciously we're thinking,

我們可能不會表現得太明顯，但下意識地會去思考說

"OK, how much did I give, how much did I receive."

「嗯～我付出了多少，我又得到了多少」

We do this mathematics. But when you let go of that,

我們會去計算這兩者間的差異。但當你拋下這種想法

you start to dance, it becomes very dynamic.

開始動起你的身體，一切會變得非常有活力

You see a bunch of dancers over there,

就像你看到一群舞者在那

there're giving each other a shoulder rub.

他們彼此擦著肩膀

But what you notice is that no one is doing a quid pro quo transaction.

而你會發現到沒有人計較多或少

Everyone is doing a massage for somebody in front of them,

每個人都是為了眼前的觀眾而舞動著身體

and yet everyone is taken care of.

這才是他們關注的

When you start dancing to the spirit of not keeping track --

當你開始抱持著不要去計較的心態去跳舞時

That guy could say,

可能會有人說

"Oh, the person behind me is giving me 15 joules of pressure on my back,

「噢～後面的人給我的背15焦耳的能量，

so I'm going to give only 12 joules."

那我只要給12焦耳的能量就好。」

If you do that, it doesn't work.

如果你是如此，這就不管用了

But when you let that go, all of a sudden you can have the circle

但如果你拋下這種想法，你會瞬間有另一種循環

which works in a very different way.

以完全不同的方式運作著的循環

So, it works for shoulder rubs, but what about something practical?

如果擦肩這動作是管用的，那對其他更實際的事情呢？

So, we decided to try a little experiment.

所以，我們決定做一項小實驗

We called it "Karma Kitchen."

我們稱它為「緣份餐廳」

On Sundays, we take over a restaurant.

在星期天，我們會經營一間餐廳

You walk into this restaurant, it's like a regular restaurant,

你走進這間餐廳，它和一般的餐廳沒兩樣

but it's run by volunteers and at the end of your meal

但是由一群志工所經營，而且在你用餐完後

your check reads zero.

你的帳單會是零元

It's zero because someone before you paid for your meal.

你不用付錢是因為前一組的客人替你付了

And you get to pay forward for somebody after you.

而你要先替下一組客人付錢

And people are always confused.

人們總是會感到疑惑說

"Does that mean it's a free meal?" No, it's not a free meal.

「代表這餐是免費的嗎？不是吧，這餐不是免費的」

When you go to a soup kitchen, who is paying?

當你去一間湯品廚房，是誰付錢呢？

Someone else outside who's got some other reason for making that happen.

是某個站在外面的人因某些原因而做了這件事

Here, it's literally the person in front of you,

而在這間餐聽，正是你面前的人

the person who was here the week before

上禮拜來這用餐的人

that pays for this week. This week's is for the next week.

付了這週的來用餐的人的錢。而這週的人再替下一週付錢

And when you count on people like that to be generous,

當你仰賴人們變的如此慷慨

how long will that chain last?

這樣的連鎖效應會持續多久呢？

It has been going for three years.

持續了三年之久

And then it started in D.C.

接著，從華盛頓開始

From the surplus there, it started in Chicago.

藉著那裏的盈餘，芝加哥也加入這個行列

But what's most amazing about this

但這當中最讓人驚豔的是

is that it creates a context for a very different kind of value.

它創造了一個與眾不同的價值環境

So for example, there was a UC Berkeley PhD in computer science guy

就像有個例子，有位在加州大學柏克萊分校攻讀電腦科學的博士

that came over and said, "I want to volunteer."

他跑過來說：「我想當志工」

So one Sunday, he is volunteering.

在某個星期天，他就來志願服務了

He is serving a table, and the guest at the table says,

他在服務某一桌客人時，客人就說

"Oh so, how does this work? You trust me to pay what I want?"

「哦～那這怎麼運作的？你相信我會替其他人付錢嗎？」

He says, "Yeah, it's this chain, and you're part of this chain."

他回答說：是啊～這是個連鎖效應，你也是這連鎖中的一份子

Really we are all part of this chain,

真的，我們都是這連鎖中的一份子

from our ancestor onwards.

從我們的祖先一路至今

So he says, "OK," he takes out his wallet, gives him a hundred, and says,

客人說聲：「好」，便拿起錢包掏出100元給他，然後說

"OK, well, I trust you to bring me back whatever change you want."

「好吧！那我相信你也會給我應有的找零」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And this guy goes in the back and he's scratching his head.

接著這個人走回員工區，抓著頭想著

"This wasn't part of the volunteer orientation!"

「這沒有在志工職前訓練裡啊！」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

What are you gonna do?

你要怎麼辦呢？

So, he is thinking about it.

他思考著這件事

And then, he decides to tap into that space in himself about what this is.

然後，他決定把自己放在另一個角度去想剛剛發生的事

This was not taught, but he taps into that space,

這並不在職前訓練裡，但他把自己放在那樣的時空

he goes up to the guy, gives him back his hundred,

走向那位客人，把100元還給他

takes out a twenty from his wallet, adds to it,

然後從自己的錢包掏出20元，加上去還他

and this guy is completely blown away.

而這位客人整個人嚇傻了

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Because he's blown away,

因為這位客人的反應

this guy is blown away and you know how this stuff ripples out.

他被嚇傻了，而你也知道事情會如何像漣漪般傳遞開來

Everybody is energized.

每個人都被激勵了

And you can look at that transaction and say,

你看到這樣的交易會說

"There was a cost of food, there was twenty bucks."

「這邊是食物的錢，另外一邊還有20元。」

But the value generated there --

這種價值就從這孕育而生

I can guaranteed you that that guy went home

我可以跟你保證那位客人回到家後

and he has been telling that story to everybody he encounters.

他會和每個遇到的人說這件事

Because this is like, "Which restaurant? Where does this happen?

就像是說：「是哪間餐廳？這在哪發生的？

Which place on Earth? Give me the address."

到底在哪裡啊？給我地址。」

So it's the kind of thing where there's a new dimension of value.

就這樣，有了新的面向的價值產生

And if we don't have context where people can practice this,

如果我們沒有環境去讓人們實踐

we lose this entirely.

我們會徹底失去一切

So, really I just want to conclude by saying,

所以，最後我想用這些話來總結

you Give, Receive and Dance.

你給予、接收，而後體認

When you give, you find that compassion is contagious

當你給予，你會發現憐憫心是有感染力的

and you start to create a community.

接著你開始創造出一個社群

When you receive, and really learn to receive,

當你接受，真的學習接受時

you start to discover abundance.

你會感受到豐足

And when you dance, not only do you create micro-gift economies,

當你不求回報的付出，你不只創造了微小禮物的經濟生態

but we start to seed a gift culture.

我們更開始孕育出禮物文化

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

(掌聲)