Name: 歐洲把經濟未來押在戰爭上？ | Business Beyond (Has Europe staked its economic future on war? | Business Beyond)
Uploaded: 2026-03-06T17:09:18.000Z
Duration: 22 min 48 s

情態副詞

A sector which had gone cold has suddenly gotten very hot.

一個曾經冷清的行業，現在突然變得非常熱絡。

For years, the continent neglected its security, but

多年來，歐洲大陸一直忽略自身安全，但

now the need to defend itself from foes and ever more fragile friendships has become abundantly clear.

現在，為了防衛敵人以及面對日益脆弱的友誼，其需求已變得非常明顯。

As demand and production ramp up, European defence companies are booming.

隨著需求和生產增加，歐洲的防衛公司正蓬勃發展。

Since the full scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, European defence companies have doubled and even tripled in value.

自從2022年俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭以來，歐洲的防衛公司價值翻倍甚至翻三倍。

In this episode, we'll take you to companies at the centre of the rearming of Europe.

在這一集，我們將帶大家看看歐洲重新武裝的核心公司。

We will speak to the CEO of one of Europe's leading defence firms and find out first hand how the sector is adjusting to the new reality.

我們將採訪歐洲一家頂尖防衛公司的執行長，親自了解這個行業如何適應新現實。

What if we were to continue where we come from, grossly underspending on defence?

如果我們繼續像過去那樣，大幅低於預期地在防衛上花費，會怎麼樣？

We're facing an adversary and the Ukrainians are actually fighting for their very existence.

我們正面對一個對手，而烏克蘭人實際上是在為生存而戰。

And we'll ask what all the money is being spent on and whether the defence industry could inject desperately needed momentum into the European economy.

我們也會問，這些錢都花在哪裡，以及防衛產業是否能為歐洲經濟注入急需的動力。

It's all coming up on Business beyond first, to get an understanding of how the new era of defence investment is playing out for companies, we've come here to Germany's central Harz region to visit Ilsenberger Groblech, a maker of steel slabs.

這一切都將在《商業無限》節目中登場。為了了解國防投資新時代對企業的影響，我們來到德國中部哈爾茨地區，拜訪鋼板製造商 Ilsenberger Groblech。

As Thorsten Gynthout, the company's managing director, explains, it's been a tough few years for the steel sector in Germany and Europe.

正如公司董事總經理 Thorsten Gynthout 所解釋的，德國和歐洲的鋼鐵業過去幾年過得很艱難。

The last two years were not good, not good, not good at all.

過去兩年真的很不好，非常不好。

Because as every steel company, we are suffering due to high energy costs we have here in Europe we have to deal with.

因為和所有鋼鐵公司一樣，我們正承受歐洲高昂的能源成本。

And at the same time we are suffering with quite low steel prices too.

同時，我們也面臨鋼鐵價格相當低的問題。

Low steel prices compared to the cost level we have because.

與我們的成本水準相比，鋼鐵價格很低，因為。

Mainly because of overcapacity and because of imports coming from companies or from countries outside of Europe into Europe on a price level which is not sustainable for us.

主要是因為產能過剩，以及來自歐洲以外的公司或國家以不可持續的價格進入歐洲市場的進口。

Ilsenberger Groblesh makes steel for many sectors, especially wind energy and construction.

Ilsenberger Groblech 生產的鋼材供應給許多行業，特別是風力發電和建築業。

But as outlined by Torsten Gyntout, these are tough times for manufacturing firms like theirs.

不過，正如 Torsten Gyntout 所說，對他們這樣的製造業公司來說，現在是艱難的時期。

With a general trend of deindustrialization raising existential questions in an attempt to find a new niche, the company took the decision in 2017 to invest heavily in a growing but complicated new division, so called secure steels.

隨著去工業化的普遍趨勢，為了尋找新的利基市場，公司在 2017 年決定大力投資一個新興但複雜的新部門，稱為安全鋼材。

The slabs of steel produced at this facility have many possible uses, but

這個廠生產的鋼板有許多可能的用途，但

an increasingly important one for this business is for the production of what's known as armor grade steel, which is needed for, among other things, the production of military tanks.

對這家公司來說，越來越重要的一種用途是生產所謂的裝甲鋼，這也是生產軍用坦克等產品所必需的。

Producing steel for defence companies which supply the German armed forces is not easy this heat treatment facility, essential for the production of armor grade steel, took five years to build and required massive investment from Ilsenberger Groblek's parent company, Salzgitter.

為德國武裝部隊供應的防衛公司生產鋼材並不容易，這個用於生產裝甲鋼的熱處理廠花了五年時間才建成，並需要 Salzgitter 母公司 Ilsenberger Groblek 大量投資。

Then there's the question of the product meeting the necessary standards of the German armed forces.

然後還有產品是否符合德國武裝部隊必要標準的問題。

What makes it so demanding is that the quality standards the Bundeswehr is asking for are very high.

之所以如此嚴苛，是因為德國聯邦國防軍要求的品質標準非常高。

And the test procedures they have to do before we get the approval to deliver to those companies take time wise.

而且在我們獲準向這些公司交貨之前，他們必須進行的測試程序非常耗時。

And also again, the quality standards are very high.

So it just takes a lot of time and effort to get through the process.

所以整個流程下來，需要花費大量的時間和精力。

The company's head of product development says that ultimately steel for the defence sector is still a relatively small part of their output and that they will be able to scale back or scale up when necessary.

該公司產品開發負責人表示，最終來說，國防行業的鋼材仍只佔他們產量的一小部分，他們可以根據需要進行擴大或縮小生產。

Companies like Ilsenberg or Groblesh clearly see the defence sector as a possible way to offset the many headwinds they have been facing.

像Ilsenberg或Groblesh這樣的公司，顯然將國防行業視為抵銷他們面臨許多逆風的潛在途徑。

And when we look at developments in that sector, it's easy to see why some people see it as a potential saviour.

而且當我們看看這個行業的發展時，很容易明白為什麼有些人會將其視為潛在的救星。

European defence is big business by any measure now.

歐洲的國防業，無論從哪個角度來看，現在都是一門大生意。

EU member states spent almost 400 billion euros on defence in 2025.

到了2025年，歐盟成員國在國防上的支出將近4000億歐元。

Some of Europe's biggest defence companies include Airbus Defence and Space, Germany's rheinmetall and the UK's BAE Systems.

歐洲一些最大的防衛公司包括Airbus Defence and Space、德國的Rheinmetall以及英國的BAE Systems。

They are part of a group of European defence firms experiencing a huge surge in growth.

它們是歐洲防衛公司中，經歷巨大成長潮的一份子。

The defence sector's surge is rooted in European governments having decided to ramp up investment in their militaries.

國防行業的蓬勃發展，根源在於歐洲各國政府決定增加對軍隊的投資。

And that was a decision that was made necessary by Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

而這項決定，是因為俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭而變得有其必要性。

By and increasing uncertainty over the USA's commitment to the NATO alliance.

加上美國對北約聯盟承諾的不確定性日益增加。

From 2021 to 2024, European defence sector turnover climbed by 48% to more than 180 billion euros.

從2021年到2024年，歐洲防衛行業的營業額攀升了48%，達到1800億歐元以上。

It's a big employer too, including its civil and aerospace aspects.

它也是一個重要的僱主，包括其民航和航太方面的業務。

The sector now employs more than 1.1 million people in the EU, with more than 300,000 jobs added in the last decade.

該行業目前在歐盟僱用了超過110萬人，過去十年增加了超過30萬個工作機會。

We've gotten an insight into what it means for suppliers to the sector.

我們得以一窺該行業的供應商面臨的狀況。

But what about for the major defence companies themselves?

但對於主要的防衛公司本身呢？

We've come here to the Airbus military aircraft production facility at Manching, just north of Munich, to see a part of Europe's defence scale up, up close.

我們來到慕尼黑以北的曼興，這裡是Airbus軍用飛機的生產基地，近距離看看歐洲防衛規模擴大的一部分。

This is an example of pan European cooperation in defence production.

這是歐洲防衛生產領域泛歐合作的一個範例。

Here at this final assembly line, aircraft described as being part of the backbone of European defence are assembled the Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jet.

在這個最終組裝線上，組裝著被形容為歐洲防衛骨幹的戰機——Eurofighter Typhoon戰鬥機。

A Persistent complaint about European defence is that its various national industries don't work well together and struggle to collaborate on joint projects.

歐洲防衛產業長期以來一直被抱怨，各國產業之間合作不順，難以共同推動專案。

One example, a project between France, Germany and Spain, the Future Combat Air System, or fcas, is reportedly close collapse.

其中一個例子，法國、德國和西班牙之間的「未來戰鬥機系統」（FCAS）專案，據說已經瀕臨破局。

So that makes this project symbolically and practically important.

所以，這個專案無論在象徵意義上或實質上，都非常重要。

Eurofighter Typhoon jets are built as part of a consortium involving Airbus in Germany and Spain, the UK's BAE Systems and Italy's Leonardo.

Eurofighter Typhoon 戰機是 Airbus 在德國和西班牙、英國的 BAE Systems，以及義大利 Leonardo 等公司組成的聯盟所建造的。

Before 2022, when European governments were still dragging their heels on defence investment, the Eurofighter program was struggling.

在 2022 年歐洲各國政府還在拖延國防投資之前，Eurofighter 專案一直處於掙扎狀態。

The US made F35 stealth fighter was seen as by far the preferred choice in European capitals.

美國製造的 F35 匿蹤戰機被認為是歐洲各國的首選。

It has also ramped up demand for the Eurofighter.

但它也增加了對 Eurofighter 的需求。

Last October, the government approved a 3.75 billion euro order for 20 new Eurofighters, in addition to 38 ordered in 2020.

去年十月，政府準許了 37.5 億歐元的訂單，採購 20 架新的 Eurofighter，這是在 2020 年訂購 38 架之外。

Spain, Italy and Turkey have also made significant orders recently, meaning the books are quite full for the coming years, according to Andreas Hammer, head of Combat Air Systems at Airbus and the Site Director here in Manchin.

西班牙、義大利和土耳其近期也下了不少訂單，這意味著未來幾年的訂單都滿了，這是 Airbus 的戰鬥機系統負責人兼曼興廠區總監 Andreas Hammer 的說法。

So the Eurofighter is playing an incredible role for bringing sovereignty and deterrence and defence capabilities to these countries.

Eurofighter 在為這些國家帶來主權、嚇阻和防衛能力方面，扮演著不可思議的角色。

And yes, we have incredible momentum right now and we are ramping up.

是的，我們現在的氣勢非常驚人，而且我們正在增產。

Marco Gumbrecht is the head of sales for Combat Air Systems at Airbus, but

Marco Gumbrecht 是 Airbus 戰鬥機系統的銷售負責人，但

before he took on that role, he spent a decade in the cockpit of the Eurofighter itself as a fighter pilot, taking part in several NATO operations.

在他擔任這個職位之前，他曾擔任了十年的 Eurofighter 戰鬥機飛行員，參與了數次北約行動。

As the threat from Russia escalates, the Eurofighter has become especially important in securing the Baltic airspace.

隨著來自俄羅斯的威脅升級，Eurofighter 在確保波羅的海空域安全方面變得尤為重要。

From a deterrent standpoint, it's by far the most used aircraft in on NATO's eastern flank.

從嚇阻的角度來看，它是北約東翼使用最多的飛機。

And that's just been going on for many, many, many years.

而且這已經持續了很多很多年了。

But he says the Eurofighter program and the sector generally is not just about defense, but

但他表示，Eurofighter 專案和整個行業不僅僅是關於防衛，

Besides just providing just quote, unquote, providing security and deterrence, it's obviously also securing high tech jobs in the areas for our countries.

除了提供所謂的「安全與嚇阻」之外，顯然也能確保我們國家的相關高科技工作機會。

And you know, in the past, let's say 20, 30 years ago, we all the high tech innovation, most notably gps for instance, came from military equipment.

而且你知道，過去，比如說 20、30 年前，我們所有的尖端科技創新，最明顯的就是 GPS，都來自軍事裝備。

And with all the investments now going not just into procuring new airplanes, but

而現在所有的投資，不僅僅是採購新飛機，

the tech that's inside, you know, there's a big, big, big space for innovation coming from the military sector that's dual use and flow into the civilian side, mostly on AI aspects of it.

還有裡面的科技，你知道，軍事行業有非常非常大的創新空間，這些創新是雙重用途的，並流入民用領域，主要是在人工智慧方面。

And as the order books fill up here, Andreas Hammer says the advantage of the Eurofighter program is that it helps to both develop strategic sovereignty and can boost the local economy.

隨著訂單不斷增加，Andreas Hammer 表示，Eurofighter 專案的優勢在於它有助於發展戰略自主權，並能促進當地經濟。

In case of tensions and conflict and war, you don't want to be dependent from some others.

在緊張、衝突和戰爭的情況下，你不想依賴別人。

And you never know whether the alliances and friendships are changing.

而且你永遠不知道聯盟和友誼是否會改變。

The second point is, by doing so, of course, you are creating a job machine just for the Eurofighter program.

第二點是，這樣做當然是在為 Eurofighter 專案創造一個就業機器。

The Eurofighter program is creating 100,000 jobs in Europe, 25,000 jobs just in Germany.

Eurofighter 專案在歐洲創造了 10 萬個工作機會，其中僅德國就有 2.5 萬個工作機會。

We have 400 suppliers and a lot of suppliers, I think more than 100 suppliers just in Germany to build on that.

我們有 400 家供應商，其中很多供應商，我認為僅德國就有超過 100 家供應商，來建構這個。

所以這樣做就是在創造就業機會。

You also bring back money which you invested because via taxes, tax return, you have the people employed.

你也把投資的錢收回來，因為透過稅收、稅務回報，你僱用了這些人。

Some have made the connection between the rearming of Europe and a possible reinvigoration of of its flagging industrial base.

有些人將歐洲的重新武裝與其低迷的工業基礎可能重振聯繫起來。

A growing criticism, particularly here in Germany, is that far too much of the new spending has been on traditional military equipment, things like tanks and fighter jets, and

一個日益嚴重的批評，尤其是在德國，是新的支出中有太多用於傳統軍事裝備，像是坦克和戰鬥機，

that not enough has been on more innovative technology, things like AI enabled military tech or drones, which have been so important on the battlefield during the war in Ukraine.

而用於更多創新技術的卻不夠，像是 AI 軍事科技或無人機，這些在烏克蘭戰爭的戰場上非常重要。

Then there's the charge that European countries don't collaborate well enough on defence.

接著還有一個指控，就是歐洲國家在防衛方面的合作不夠。

The Eurofighter project is one example that clearly does work, but in too many other areas.

Eurofighter 專案就是一個明顯奏效的例子，但在太多其他領域卻不是如此。

Europe's defence giants are struggling to come together to consider some of these questions and the wider context of Europe's big bet on defence.

歐洲的防衛巨頭們正努力凝聚共識，來思考這些問題以及歐洲在防衛上的重大賭注的更廣泛背景。

We sat down with Mike Schulhorn, he's the CEO of Airbus Defence and Space and is one of the leading voices in the sector.

我們採訪了 Mike Schulhorn，他是 Airbus Defence and Space 的執行長，也是該行業的領導者之一。

So obviously, so much has changed in the four and a half years that you've been CEO of Airbus Defence and Space in the defence sector itself.

所以很明顯，在你擔任 Airbus Defence and Space 執行長這四年半的時間裡，防衛行業本身已經發生了太多變化。

And when you look at the numbers, you know, when we look at a graph and we see the percentage of GDP that different countries like Germany, France, the uk, Poland, have been spending historically on their defence and how that's changing at the moment and indeed projected to change over the coming years, going from where they were struggling to hit the 2% mark to trying to hit these new targets of 3.5%, 5%.

當你看看數字，你知道，當我們看一張圖表，看到德國、法國、英國、波蘭等不同國家過去在防衛上的 GDP 支出百分比，以及目前正在發生的變化，以及預計未來幾年將如何變化，從過去努力達到 2% 的目標，到試圖達到 3.5%、5% 的新目標。

How is Airbus and companies like Airbus adjusting to this new reality?

Airbus 和像 Airbus 這樣的公司是如何適應這個新現實的？

Well, indeed, that's quite a remarkable change that I have personally gone through and that the company has gone through.

嗯，確實，這是一個非常顯著的轉變，我個人經歷了，公司也經歷了。

When I joined mid 21, I think Germany was at a 1.6% of GDP spending.

我記得 2021 年中期剛加入時，德國的 GDP 支出大概是 1.6%。

Now we're above 2 already and we aim for 3.5.

現在我們已經超過 2%，目標是 3.5%。

So that's basically doubling everything that Germany is spending within a relatively short amount of time for the company has meant a Major transformation.

所以這基本上是在相對短的時間內將德國的支出翻倍，對公司來說這意味著重大的轉型。

We came from a time where the spending was meant to sort of keep you in the race, but

我們過去的時代，支出只是為了讓你保持在競爭行列，但

spread out and delay everything as much as possible.

盡可能地分散和延遲所有事情。

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歐洲把經濟未來押在戰爭上？ | Business Beyond (Has Europe staked its economic future on war? | Business Beyond)

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