teacher. And I know grammar is really, really difficult sometimes. And it just makes you

文法老師。我知道文法有時候真的非常、非常難理解，可能會讓你

want to scream, pull your hair out, freak out, and cry sometimes. "I hate grammar."

想尖叫、抓爆頭髮或是崩潰大哭然後大喊：「我討厭文法！」

The reason why grammar is so difficult is because it's confusing; you have to remember

文法之所以困難是因為容易混淆，所以你必須記住

so many rules; and then, there are exceptions to these so many rules; and it's just really

很多不同的規則，還有在這些不同原則下所衍伸出的特例，這真的會讓人

confusing; and it's very different from your native language or languages, depending on

頭昏腦脹。而英文又可能與你自身的母語或已習得的語言有差異，衝突語言的多寡

how many you speak. So really, really easy, really effective method to learn any grammar

決定於你習得的語言有多少。所以，今天我們來學如何正確且有效學習

ever in the world. So today's lesson is how to learn, remember, and use any grammar that

任何語言的文法。今天的課程是教你怎麼學習，並運用在任何的文法考試

is on a test, whether you're taking TOEFL or TOEIC or IELTS or Cambridge -- anything

不論你是要考TOEFL 、TOEIC 、 IELTS 或是 Cambridge的考試，只要是任何

that you have to remember grammar for, this is going to be a godsend for you. It's going

你需要記憶文法的狀況，這個方法就像上帝的禮物，讓你在學習上

to help you so much. Great. So let's get into it.

可以無往不利。很棒吧，那我們開始囉

First one, you have two points to remember. That's it. Two. Done. The first one is the

首先，有兩個重點要記得，就這樣，兩個重點。第一個是

structure. You have to remember and know how the grammar is made. Okay? The second point

句型結構，你必須記住文法句型的組成結構，可以嗎？第二個是

is how or why do we use this? Why do I need to learn this stupid grammar? Am I ever going

使用的時機和如何使用它？為什麼我要學這個蠢文法？在日常生活中

to use it in real life? Why would I say this? Why do I need present perfect? Why can't I

真的會使用到嗎？我為什麼要這樣來說？為什麼我需要學現在完成式？為什麼我不能

just use simple past? Why do I need continuous? Why do I need passive? These are the questions

就只學過去簡單式就好？為什麼我需要學進行式？為什麼我需要學被動式？這些都是

you have to ask two people, one, your teacher, and two, yourself. If you are teaching English

你必須去向兩個人問的問題，第一個，你的老師，第二個，你自己。如果你是英文老師

and you don't know structure, and more importantly, how and why, you've got some homework to do.

但你卻不懂句型架構，或甚至也不了解如何和為何而用，你需要再多做點功課囉

People -- students have asked me, "Teacher, why?" "I don't know." Just say to them,

很多學生常常問我，「老師，為什麼是這樣？」，「嗯，我不知道。」，告訴你的學生

"I don't know." Go look it up. Do some research. Find the answer. The best thing is to find

「我不清楚。」然後去查資料，去研究為什麼，還有找出答案。如果你需要的話，

your own answer if you have to do this. So let's dive into this.

若能找出你能夠理解並以自己的方式解釋的話，是最棒的。我們繼續往下看

First of all, when I say "structure", I mean how do you make the grammar? How do you make

首先，當我說「句型結構」，意思是這個文法是如何組成？你怎麼去造出一個句子？

the sentence? So if I give you the example of present continuous, this is the name of

我們以現在進行式為例，現在進行式，是這個文法句型的名字

the grammar. If you just remember the name of the grammar, it's useless. So it comes

如果你只是記得文法的名稱，是沒有用的。在考試時

to the test and it says, "Write a present continuous sentence." He's like, "Uh, I know

若考卷上面寫：「請寫一句現在進行式的句子。」他的表情可能一附「蛤！？....喔我知道

present continuous. How do you make it?"

現在進行式。」所以你該怎麼造句呢？

So the way that I always remember grammar is I always like to use a subject. Now, if

我總是傾向使用subject（主詞）來幫助我長久記憶文法，但若你

you want to replace the word "subject" with any other word like [random sounds] or "dog",

想要用其他字（隨意出聲）或是用「狗」這個單字來取代「Subject」（主詞）這個字

that's cool. But I like to use "subject" as my beginning.

當然也沒關係，但我習慣將「Subject」這個字寫在句子的一開頭

Then, for present continuous, it's going to be "to be verb". But instead of just writing

接著，現在進行式的句型，是後面接be動詞。但除了只寫上

"to be verb", it really, really helps you if you write out the different forms of the

加be動詞以外，如果你能夠再寫出不同的be動詞形式的話，對你學習會

"to be" verb. So for example, "I am", "he is", "we are". Okay?

非常有幫助。所以說，其它像是「I am」（我是）、 「he is」（他是）、「 we are」（我們是），可以嗎？

The second thing -- sorry. The last thing in the present continuous that makes the verb

第二件事，喔不，現在進行式最後一個要注意的重點，讓動詞變進行式

continuous is you're going to have the -ing. So the structure or the form that I like to

的方式，是在動詞後面加上ing。所以說在句型的結構或是組成上，我習慣

use for the present continuous is subject + "am", "is", "are" + verb + ing. The present

使用subject + "am", "is", "are" + verb （動詞）+ ing來表達現在進行式。現在進行式

continuous also has another name, which is "present progressive". They're exactly the

在英文有另一個名稱，是「present progressive」。這兩種名稱的現在進行式

same grammar point. The usages are the same. But it's just a different word for it. Don't

文法重點都一樣，用法也一樣，只是不一樣的稱呼而已

worry. It's cool. Don't worry about it. So

所以別擔心。好

next step -- we've got the structure. Next step, very important, how or why do I use

接下來，我們剛剛已經學會了句型，下一步，很重要的一點，是如何以及為何

this? Why do I need to use this grammar? Why do I need to learn this grammar? You need

要使用這個句型？為什麼我需要使用這個文法？為什麼我需要學習這個文法？因為你

to learn it because it's on your test. But as soon as the test is finished, why would

要參加考試，所以你需要學會它。但一當考試結束後，為什麼我還需要去

I use this? How would I say this in my life? Answer -- actions you are doing now. What

使用它呢？我該怎麼應用在日常生活中呢？答案是，使用在你正在做動作的當下。

are you doing right now? Are you watching a video? I think you are. So maybe you're

你現在正在做什麼？你正在看影片？我想應該是。所以或許你正在

watching a video. Maybe you're eating something. Maybe you're brushing your teeth. I can't

看影片，或許你正在吃東西，也或許你正在刷牙。我看不到你

see you. You can see me. What are you doing? Ah. Okay. Good. So present continuous, as

但你可以看到我。你正在做甚麼呢？好，非常好，所以呢，現在進行式的例子

an example, structure, how and why.

就像這樣，句型結構、如何使用以及為何使用。

Another really, really good thing to do is to write down as many examples as you can.

另一個很棒的方法，是試著練習寫越多例子越好

It's always good to practice the grammar written. Also, talk. Speak. Get a video recorder and

這是個練習英文寫作很棒的方式，或是透過口說練習，利用錄影機錄下

talk into it -- or tape recorder, digital recorder. Listen to yourself saying the new

你的口說練習，或是使用錄音機、錄音筆來錄音練習，聽你自己口說練習

grammar sentences. It will help you remember if you play it back.

新的文法句型，在重複聆聽下可以幫助你將句型牢牢記住。

Let's use this theory. Let's learn some new grammar. Maybe it's old grammar. It's okay.

讓我們來用這個學習理論來學一些新的文法句型，這可能對你來說是舊的文法了，但沒關係

Past simple, so first of all, structure. How do I make past simple? Do you know? Do you

過去簡單式，首先，是它的句型結構。我該怎麼造一個過去簡單式的句子呢？你知道嗎？

know? Okay. Past simple is going to be subject + a past tense of the verb, and usually, we're

好，過去簡單式的句型是 subject (主詞)+某個動詞的過去式型態，通常動詞後面會再加上

going to have a noun or a complement to the verb. So you have subject + past tense + noun.

一個名詞或是補語，來補足句子的完整性。所以，句型會是主詞 + 動詞過去式 + 名詞

For example, "I ate dinner." Yay. Okay. Uh-oh. So what -- hold on. So I've remembered the

例如，「I ate dinner.」（我吃過晚餐了）。Ya....喔歐，等等，我記得這個文法句型

structure, but I need to know why would I use this? Why is this useful in my life? How

但我需要知道為什麼我需要這樣使用？為什麼這在我生活中用得上？

or why? How do we use this? We use this to talk about past -- I'm going to say "boring".

如何以及為何使用？我該怎麼運用？過去式是談論過去發生的事，我會說「乏味的」

Some people like to say "routine". But it's basically for past events. And usually, we

有些人喜歡﹞「慣例」這個說法，但基本上就是使用在發生在過去的事件，通常

have a time marker in this. We don't have to have a time marker as a rule, but usually,

我們會有一個明確的過去時間，但這不是一定須要具備的條件，只是通常

we throw in a time marker just to help us distinguish it from present perfect.

我們會有一個明確的過去時間來跟現在完成式做區別

So rule No. 1, structure. How do you make the grammar? No. 2, how and why do I use this?

所以，規則1是句型，關於怎麼組成文法句型結構？規則2，句型使用的原因和如何使用？

Why do I use this? This is how you're going to connect this for your brain. Step 3, I

為什麼我需要使用這句型？這是你需要幫助大腦建立連結的方法。規則3，即便

didn't write it down, but that's okay. Think of, write down, talk about as many examples

不寫下來也沒關係，試試看，寫下來，練習用不同的例子造句說出來

as you can. But very importantly, make the examples relevant to you, to your life. Don't

但重點是，例句務必要儘量可以與你的日常生活做連結，

think about examples about someone else that you don't know or things that you don't care

不要是關於別人的生活或是你不知道不了解，甚至是你不在意的事

about. Try and make them for you. This will help you remember why the grammar is important.

用例句表達專屬你的生活，這可以幫助你記憶文法，以及這個文法句型的重要性

What are you doing right now? What did you do yesterday? So simple past. "I ate dinner.

你現在正在做什麼？你昨天做了什麼事？所以，利用過去簡單式，「我吃了晚餐

I went for a walk. It was really cold. It was so cold. But I did it." Right now, I'm

，然後去散步，昨天真的很冷很冷，但我還是出門散步去。」現在，我正在

teaching you. I'm breathing. Are you breathing? I hope you're breathing. I'm watching you.

教你們英文，我正在呼吸，你正在呼吸嗎？希望你正在呼吸。我正在看著你

You're watching me. It's fantastic.

你正在看著我，太棒了

So the next time you're in grammar class or you're trying learn grammar by yourself -- it

所以下次當你在文法課堂上或是自己學文法時

doesn't matter what language it is -- always think of these two very easy steps. One, structure;

不論你所學的語言是什麼，永遠記住這兩個簡單的規則，一個是句型結構

two, how and why. I guarantee you that this will help you so much. I guarantee it so much

一個是原因和如何使用。我向你保證，這會給你帶來很大的幫助，我相信你

that you will get your money back from somewhere if it doesn't work. Call this 1-800 number.

會把你的學費用這兩個學習規則賺回來，它就像是免付費電話

Give it a chance. Bye.

試試看吧，下次見囉