Name: 為什麼歐洲在非洲仍有城市？🇪🇺🌍 (Why Europe STILL Has Cities in Africa)
Uploaded: 2026-02-18T17:26:28.000Z
Duration: 32 min 53 s

情態副詞

This is Morocco, a country that generally looks pretty normal on most world maps until you zoom in way closer on the country's north coast, where you'll notice these two weird little enclaves that aren't actually a part of Morocco, but

這裡是非洲的摩洛哥，在大多數世界地圖上看起來都相當正常，直到你放大到摩洛哥的北海岸，你會發現這兩個奇怪的小飛地，它們其實不屬於摩洛哥，

轉承詞

are pockets of Spain and the European Union instead.

而是西班牙和歐洲聯盟的飛地。

基礎被動語態

These two pockets are known as Ceuta and Melilla, respectively.

這兩個飛地分別叫做休達和梅利利亞。

They are the only two pockets of European controlled territory that still remain on the African continent today, making up the European Union's only physical land borders in Africa.

它們是非洲大陸上僅存的兩個歐洲控制領土，構成了歐洲聯盟在非洲唯一的實體陸地邊界。

And and they are way, way, way more controversial and contentious than you probably know.

而且，它們的爭議性和敏感性遠遠超出你的想像。

Combined, the two territories are geographically small at only about 31 square kilometers, about the same size as the Special Administrative Region of Macau in China.

這兩個地區加起來地理面積很小，只有大約 31 平方公里，跟中國的澳門差不多大。

But like Macau, they are very densely populated, with Ceuta having an estimated population of about 85,000 people and Melilla having one of about 86,000 people.

但跟澳門一樣，它們的人口非常密集，休達估計有約 85,000 人，梅利利亞約有 86,000 人。

Today they together have more than 171,000 people.

合計起來，它們現在有超過 171,000 人。

Between them are all citizens of both Spain and the eu.

它們的居民都是西班牙和歐盟的公民。

Despite living on a continent that is distinctly not Europe and only sharing a border with Morocco, life in both cities for the most part feels very Spanish and European.

雖然住在非洲大陸，與摩洛哥接壤，但這兩個城市的生活大部分時間都感覺非常西班牙和歐洲。

The architecture, culture, food and spoken language all seem pretty much the same as most anywhere else in southern Spain does, until you get out to their edges and you encounter their gigantic border walls that physically isolate them from Morocco and the rest of Africa.

建築、文化、食物和使用的語言，都跟西班牙南部的大部分地方差不多，直到你走到邊緣，看到巨大的邊界圍牆，將它們與摩洛哥和非洲大陸的其他地方隔離開來。

Stretching across their entire land borders with Morocco, the walls consist of parallel double fences that soar 6 meters or 20ft high that historically have been topped with barbed wire, complete with regular guard towers and patrols of thousands of Spanish border guards.

這些圍牆橫跨它們與摩洛哥的整個陸地邊界，由平行雙層籬笆組成，高達 6 公尺或 20 英尺，歷史上都曾加裝鐵絲網，並配有定期的瞭望塔和數千名西班牙邊境警衛的巡邏。

Beneath the ground, a vast network of cables connect floodlights, motion and noise sensors and 24 hour video cameras to a central command station.

地底下，一個龐大的纜線網絡將照明燈、動態和聲音感測器，以及 24 小時監控攝影機連接到中央指揮站。

While dozens of Spanish coast guard vessels constantly patrol the coasts.

同時，數十艘西班牙海岸巡邏艇也在海岸線附近持續巡邏。

A large, coordinated and complicated system that is explicitly designed to keep people out of them from the other side in Africa.

這是一個龐大、協調且複雜的系統，明確旨在阻止來自非洲另一側的人們進入。

The walls effectively make both Ceuta and Melilla, isolated islands of the EU and Spain in Africa.

這些圍牆有效地讓休達和梅利利亞成為非洲大陸上，歐洲聯盟和西班牙的孤立島嶼。

And if you look more closely at their borders in Google Maps, you'll notice that they both appear as dashed, which symbolizes them as being disputed because Morocco claims both of them in their entirety and has disputed their ownership with Spain for decades now.

如果你在 Google 地圖上更仔細地查看它們的邊界，你會發現它們都顯示為虛線，這象徵著它們是存在爭議的，因為摩洛哥聲稱擁有它們的全部主權，並與西班牙就其歸屬問題爭議了數十年。

On the surface of it, you might be more inclined to side with Morocco's stance on the dispute.

表面上看，你可能會比較傾向於支持摩洛哥在這個爭議中的立場。

Morocco asserts that these two cities are the final living remnants of European colonialism in Africa today, and

摩洛哥聲稱，這兩座城市是歐洲殖民主義在非洲現今最後的活生生的遺留，

that they therefore should be surrendered to them, while Spain asserts that they are both core integral territories of Spain just as much as anywhere else in The Spanish and European mainland are.

是以它們應該被歸還給摩洛哥，而西班牙則聲稱，這兩座城市都是西班牙的核心組成部分，就像西班牙和歐洲大陸的其他地方一樣。

And caught in between the crossfire of this geopolitical dispute over the past several years have been thousands of migrants from all around the world who have been treated by both sides as effectively sacrificial, disposable pawns in their own great game, which has led to hundreds of deaths at these heavily fortified borders over just the past few years that have made them not only the deadliest borders anywhere in the eu, but, but

而這幾年來，夾在這場地緣政治爭議的戰火中的，是來自世界各地的數千名移民，他們被雙方視為這場大遊戲中，可犧牲、可拋棄的棋子，這導致在這些戒備森嚴的邊境，僅在過去幾年就造成了數百人死亡，讓它們不僅成為歐盟境內最致命的邊境，

among the most blood soaked borders anywhere on the earth during the entire 21st century.

更是二十一世紀以來，地球上最血腥的邊境之一。

And yet, somehow, these disputed and deadly borders at the frontiers of Europe and Africa have attracted very little international attention.

然而，儘管這些位於歐洲與非洲邊境、充滿爭議且致命的邊境，卻始終只吸引到極少的國際關注。

And if you'd like to understand what's going on here today, like I did when I first heard about them, you need to understand the history that got us here to this strange point.

如果你想了解這裡今天發生的情況，就像我第一次聽到它們時一樣，你需要了解造就我們走到這個奇怪地步的歷史。

Today, Ceuta, in particular, is one of the two key strategic locations to control, along with Gibraltar, in order to dominate access through the nearby narrow Strait of Gibraltar.

今天，休達尤其成為控制附近狹窄直布羅陀海峽的兩個關鍵戰略地點之一，另一個則是直布羅陀。

The only natural passageway between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic.

這是地中海與大西洋之間唯一的天然通道。

Ceuta is a winding, narrow peninsula that juts out from the African mainland, which also makes it a highly defensible position from the rest of Africa.

休達是一個蜿蜒狹窄的半島，從非洲大陸延伸出來，這也讓它成為一個易守難攻的據點，能防禦來自非洲大陸其他地區的威脅。

In the 8th century AD, Ceuta was used as the launch pad for the Muslim conquest of the Iberian peninsula that would last for the next 800 years.

西元八世紀，休達被用來作為穆斯林征服伊比利亞半島的起點，這場征服持續了接下來的八百年。

During the Reconquista, when the Christian kingdoms of Iberia were pushing the Muslims out, the Portuguese advanced across the Strait of Gibraltar to seize and conquer Ceuta in 1415, marking the very start of modern European expansion into Africa that would reach its apex centuries later, when nearly the entire continent would be conquered.

在收復失地運動期間，當伊比利亞的基督教王國將穆斯林驅逐出去時，葡萄牙人越過直布羅陀海峽，於一四一五年攻佔並征服了休達，這標誌著現代歐洲向非洲擴張的開端，而這場擴張在數百年後達到頂峰，幾乎整個非洲大陸都被征服。

Decades later, the final Muslim stronghold in Iberia, at Granada, was conquered by the Spanish in 1492, and

幾十年後，伊比利亞最後的穆斯林據點格拉納達，於一四九二年被西班牙人征服，

幾年後，也就是西元一四九七年。

Seeking to establish a forward defensive outpost to keep the Strait of Gibraltar secure and to prevent Muslim powers in North Africa from regrouping, the Spanish sailed across the Mediterranean and conquered their own exclave around Melilla.

西班牙人為了建立一個前進的防禦前哨站，以確保直布羅陀海峽的安全，並阻止北非的穆斯林勢力重新集結，他們渡過地中海，征服了梅利利亞周邊的飛地。

Then, about a century later, between 1580 and 1640, Portugal and Spain entered into the Iberian Union together, during which Ceuda ostensibly remained a part of Portugal, but

然後，大約一個世紀後，在西元一五八零年至一六四零年之間，葡萄牙和西班牙組成了伊比利亞聯盟，期間休達名義上仍屬於葡萄牙，但

was subordinated under Spanish leadership.

Across this time period, Ceuda attracted a lot of new residents of Spanish origin.

在這段時期，休達吸引了許多來自西班牙的新居民。

So by the time when the Iberian Union collapsed in 1640, Ceuta had become more demographically Spanish than it had been Portuguese.

是以，到了西元一六四零年伊比利亞聯盟瓦解時，休達在人口結構上已經比過去更偏向西班牙，而不是葡萄牙。

And so it became the only Portuguese territory that sided with Spain in the aftermath.

於是，它成為了伊比利亞聯盟瓦解後，唯一一個選擇加入西班牙的葡萄牙領土。

In 1668, Portugal finally formally recognized the allegiance of Ceuda to Spain and agreed to Cede the city to the Spanish through the 1668 Treaty of Lisbon.

西元一六六八年，葡萄牙終於正式承認休達對西班牙的效忠，並透過一六六八年的里斯本條約，同意將這座城市割讓給西班牙。

For centuries, both Ceuta and Melilla were generally treated by the Spanish as frontier military forts and or penal colonies, posts to defend the Spanish mainland from Barbary piracy and possible attacks coming from North Africa and also dumping grounds for Spain's most undesirable prisoners and outcasts to remove them away from the mainland.

幾個世紀以來，西班牙人普遍將休達和梅利利亞視為邊境軍事堡壘或刑罰殖民地，用來防禦西班牙本土免受巴巴里海盜和北非可能發動的攻擊，同時也作為西班牙最不受歡迎的囚犯和罪犯的流放地，將他們從本土驅離。

For centuries, the Arabs and the Berbers in North Africa also attempted to reconquer both Ceuta and Melilla through multiple sieges, including the longest continuous siege of a city in all of history, when Ceuto was placed under siege for 33 straight years between 1694 and 1727, though none were ever actually successful in driving the Spanish out.

幾個世紀以來，北非的阿拉伯人和柏柏爾人也試圖透過多次圍攻來重新徵服休達和梅利利亞，其中最長的一次持續圍城戰發生在休達，從西元一六九四年到一七二七年，長達三十三年，但他們從未真正成功將西班牙人趕走。

Much later, in 1859, further disagreements over the borders between Ceuda and Melilla and the Kingdom of Morocco led to a devastating war that resulted in thousands of deaths and ended in a decisive Spanish military victory, which was enough to fight forced Morocco into signing the Treaty of Wad Rus in 1860 that for the first time extended Morocco's formal recognition of Spain's sovereignty over both Ceuta and Melilla and set their current borders as we know them today.

後來到了西元一八五九年，休達和梅利利亞與摩洛哥王國之間的邊界爭議，引發了一場毀滅性的戰爭，造成數千人死亡，最後以西班牙軍隊的決定性勝利告終。這場勝利足以迫使摩洛哥在西元一八六零年簽署了瓦德魯斯條約，首次正式承認西班牙對休達和梅利利亞的主權，並確立了我們今天所知的現有邊界。

As the European scramble for Africa continued across the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Morocco eventually yielded to the unbearable colonial pressures that were being placed upon it in 1912, when it agreed under duress to become divided between a new French protectorate and a new smaller Spanish protectorate.

隨著十九世紀末和二十世紀初歐洲在非洲的爭奪戰持續進行，摩洛哥最終在西元一九一二年屈服於無法承受的殖民壓力，在壓力下同意被劃分為一個新的法國保護國和一個新的較小的西班牙保護國。

These two protectorates placed over Morocco in Spain's previously acquired territories in Ceuta and Melilla were never co mingled together.

這兩個被置於摩洛哥境內的保護國，以及西班牙先前在休達和梅利利亞獲得的領土，從未合併在一起。

They never became a part of Spain's colonial protectorate in Morocco and were always considered by the Spanish to be separate integral territories of Spain itself.

它們從未成為西班牙摩洛哥殖民保護國的一部分，西班牙人始終認為它們是西班牙本身獨立且完整的領土。

Decades later, in 1956, when the protectorate was dissolved and Morocco regained their independence from both France and Spain again, Spain continued holding onto its control over both Ceuda and Melilla, based on their argument that they had never been a part of the Moroccan protectorate and that they had been directly controlled by Spain for centuries.

幾十年後的西元一九五六年，保護國被解除，摩洛哥再次從法國和西班牙手中重獲獨立，但西班牙仍然掌握著對休達和梅利利亞的控制權，理由是它們從未成為摩洛哥保護國的一部分，而是幾個世紀以來直接由西班牙控制。

Well before the 19th century era of European colonialism in Africa had even begun, Spain argued and continues to argue that Ceyuna and Melilla are not the result of European colonialism in Africa, but

在歐洲對非洲的殖民主義時代開始之前很久，西班牙就聲稱，而且至今仍在聲稱，休達和梅利利亞並非歐洲在非洲殖民主義的產物，

are instead historically integral territories of Spain that have been a part of the country for about the same length of time as cities like Granada have been on the Spanish mainland for more than a half millennium now.

而是歷史上西班牙的完整領土，它們屬於西班牙的時間，與格拉納達這座城市在西班牙本土的時間差不多，已經超過半個世紀了。

Morocco, on the other hand, immediately disagreed with this position after their 1956 independence and despite previous treaties they had agreed to with Spain that recognized Spanish sovereignty over them, like the 1860 Treaty of Juan Ross, the modern post independent state of Morocco insisted and continues to insist that both Ceuta and Melilla are actually products of European colonialism in Africa.

另一方面，摩洛哥在西元一九五六年獨立後，立即不同意這種說法。儘管過去曾與西班牙簽署承認西班牙對其主權的條約，例如西元一八六零年的瓦德魯斯條約，但現代獨立後的摩洛哥堅持認為，休達和梅利利亞實際上是歐洲在非洲殖民主義的產物。

And based on that, Morocco has insisted that Spain's continued control over them is illegitimate today.

基於此，摩洛哥堅持認為西班牙至今對它們的控制是非法的。

Morocco has instead maintained their own territorial claims to both of them and has for decades now demanded that Spain fully cede and transfer them both, over which Spain has kept on refusing to do the gist of the modern territorial dispute between them that continues to this day.

摩洛哥反而一直堅持對這兩地的領土主權，幾十年來一直要求西班牙完全割讓和轉讓這兩地，但西班牙一直拒絕，這就是他們之間持續至今的現代領土爭議的實質。

I think it's also rather interesting to point out here that Spain basically maintains opposite hypocritical legal arguments for why they should be able to maintain Ceuda and Malia, but

我覺得在這裡指出，西班牙對於為何他們應該保有休達和梅利利亞，以及為何英國應該將直布羅陀歸還給他們，在法律上採取了截然相反的虛偽論點，這也相當有趣。

also why the UK should return Gibraltar back to them on the opposite side of the Strait from Ceuta.

而且，直布羅陀就在休達對面的海峽另一邊。

The British conquered Gibraltar from Spain centuries ago, back in 1704, and have controlled it ever since.

英國早在幾個世紀前，也就是1704年，就從西班牙手中奪取了直布羅陀，並一直控制至今。

Spain currently argues that the continued presence of the British in Gibraltar is an illegitimate legacy of British imperialism that interrupts with our own territorial contiguity and therefore that the UK should return the territory back to Spain again.

西班牙目前主張，英國持續佔領直布羅陀是非法英國帝國主義的遺留，這打斷了我們自身的領土連續性，是以英國應該將該領土歸還給西班牙。

Well, Bernan insists that the territory is an integral part of the UK that has been British for centuries now, and

嗯，伯南堅持認為該領土是英國不可分割的一部分，已經是英國的領土好幾個世紀了，

that almost everybody who lives there are British citizens who have no desire to join with Spain, which is all basically an exact mirror of Spain and Morocco's disputes on the other side of the strait over Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa.

而且幾乎所有居住在那裡的人都是英國公民，他們一點也不想併入西班牙，這基本上與西班牙和摩洛哥在北非休達和梅利利亞發生的爭議如出一轍。

In both instances, Spain takes precisely opposite legal arguments whenever it conveniently benefits them more, which I thought was a silly but worthy tangent to throw in here.

在這兩種情況下，西班牙都會採取完全相反的法律論點，只要對他們更有利，我認為這是一個有點傻但值得一提的離題。

As it's proven over the decades, however, Spain's continued control over Ceuta and Melilla have never ended up becoming as controversial as other contentious borders drawn up by Europeans in the Arab world did.

然而，正如幾十年來所證明的，西班牙對休達和梅利利亞的持續控制，從未像歐洲人在阿拉伯世界劃定的其他爭議邊界那樣引起爭議。

像是法屬阿爾及利亞或以色列。

Their control over these cities doesn't really harm Spanish relations with anybody else in the greater Arab world beyond Morocco.

他們對這些城市的控制，除了摩洛哥之外，並未真正損害西班牙與阿拉伯世界其他地區的關係。

While Spain could never conceivably agree to just give up these territories to Morocco, where roughly 170,000 of their own citizens currently live, the people of both cities shown in poll after poll over the years, overwhelmingly would rather remain a part of Spain and the EU and all of the benefits that entails, rather than becoming a part of Morocco under most international conventions, transferring over the cities to Moroccan control would require hosting a referendum in them, which, as you can imagine, would never possibly be successful right now.

雖然西班牙絕對不可能同意將這些領土讓給摩洛哥，因為那裡居住著大約 17 萬的西班牙公民，但多年來，民意調查顯示，這兩座城市的人們絕大多數寧願繼續成為西班牙和歐盟的一部分，享有隨之而來的各種好處，而不是根據大多數國際公約成為摩洛哥的一部分。轉移城市給摩洛哥控制需要在那裡舉行公民投票，正如你所想像的，現在這根本不可能成功。

And Morocco also knows full and well that an outright invasion of the territories would spark a massive international crisis that would almost certainly lose as well.

而且摩洛哥也很清楚，直接入侵這些領土將引發一場重大的國際危機，而且幾乎肯定會失敗。

While neither Ceuta nor Melilla are considered to be legally under NATO's protection, since they're physically located beyond Europe, Spain itself is very capable of defending them all on their own.

雖然休達和梅利利亞在法律上都不被視為北約的保護範圍，因為它們的地理位置在歐洲之外，但西班牙本身非常有能力自行防衛它們。

Ceuta in particular is only located 17 km away from the Spanish mainland and is located relatively nearby to the primary Spanish naval base at Rota, as well as the Spanish Air Force's key air base at Moron.

尤其是休達，距離西班牙本土僅 17 公里，而且相對靠近西班牙主要的羅塔海軍基地，以及西班牙空軍的莫龍關鍵空軍基地。

Spain can very easily and very effectively project naval and air power into both Ceuta and Melilla to defend them if need be.

如果有需要，西班牙可以非常輕鬆且有效地向休達和梅利利亞投射海空軍力來保衛它們。

And with a military budget well more than double the size of Morocco's and the likely backing of the rest of the eu, Morocco knows that they would be hopelessly outclassed if they ever attempted to take the cities through force, which is why they never try to do that and why they've resorted to covert hybrid warfare operations against them instead.

憑藉遠超摩洛哥一倍以上的軍事預算，以及其他歐盟國家可能的支援，摩洛哥知道如果他們試圖以武力奪取這兩座城市，將會毫無勝算，這也是為什麼他們從未嘗試這樣做，而是轉而對它們進行隱蔽的混合戰爭行動。

Initially, upon Morocco's independence, Spain granted Moroccans the right to travel back and forth between Melilla and Ceuta for work and travel relatively freely.

最初，在摩洛哥獨立後，西班牙給予摩洛哥人相對自由地往返梅利利亞和休達工作和旅行的權利。

And the issue of Morocco's claim to both of the territories more or less faded away into the background of international affairs until the 1990s when Spain joined the EU in the Nishingen area, which enabled passport free travel between them after neighboring Algeria collapsed into a devastating civil war throughout the 1990s.

摩洛哥對這兩塊領土的主張，在國際事務中基本上被擱置，直到 1990 年代，西班牙加入申根區，這使得在鄰國阿爾及利亞在 1990 年代經歷了毀滅性的內戰後，兩地之間的旅行可以免簽證。

Around the same time, a new surge of migration began of refugees fleeing that war across the border towards Melilla, which at only 70 km away from the Algerian border, was easily the closest EU territory to the country and the easiest pathway for refugees to take into the rest of Europe through the Schengen area.

大約在同一時間，開始出現一股新的移民潮，難民們逃離戰爭，越過邊境湧向梅利利亞，梅利利亞距離阿爾及利亞邊境僅 70 公里，是離該國最近的歐盟領土，也是難民進入歐洲其他地區透過申根區最容易的途徑。

Spain then quickly began receiving pressure from Brussels to cut down on the flows of migrants that were entering into the EU through Melilla.

隨後，西班牙開始面臨布魯塞爾的壓力，要求他們減少經由梅利利亞進入歐盟的移民流量。

And so, beginning in 1996, Spain started the construction of what was initially a 3 meter high chain link double fence across just 7 miles of the Melilla border.

於是，從 1996 年開始，西班牙開始建造一座最初高 3 公尺的鏈條圍籬，橫跨梅利利亞邊境的 7 英里。

By 1998, the first phase of the modern wall around the exclaves was finished.

到 1998 年，環繞飛地的現代圍牆第一階段完工。

But because of Melilla's rough, hilly topography, the fence wasn't constructed along the exactly agreed upon border with Morocco.

但由於梅利利亞崎嶇的山丘地形，圍籬並非沿著與摩洛哥確切同意的邊界建造。

Instead, it was constructed along an approximation of the border, meaning that in a few instances, some of the Spanish residents of melilla in the 90s suddenly found their homes on the wrong side of the fence facing towards Morocco, exposed since then, as the pace of migration into Ceuta and Melilla from sub Saharan Africa and the Middle east has increased, as the pathways into the EU they represent have become more desirable, especially as a way to avoid the much more dangerous way of crossing over the Mediterranean Sea.

相反地，它是沿著邊界的近似線建造的，這意味著在某些情況下，90 年代一些西班牙梅利利亞居民的家突然被圍籬擋在錯誤的一邊，朝向摩洛哥，從那時起就暴露在外，因為從撒哈拉以南非洲和中東移民進入休達和梅利利亞的步伐加快了，因為它們作為進入歐盟的途徑變得更有吸引力，特別是作為一種避免更危險的地中海渡海方式。

The Spanish authorities have increasingly added to the wall.

Sophistications make Ceuta and Melilla increasingly more difficult fortresses to reach for anyone from beyond the EU.

這些精密的措施讓休達和梅利利亞對歐盟以外的任何人來說，都變得越來越難以攻克的堡壘。

By 2005, the fence's height around both Melilla and Ceuta was doubled up to 6 meters, and

到 2005 年，梅利利亞和休達周圍圍籬的高度加倍至 6 公尺，

it was finally expanded to fully envelop the entire length of their borders.

並最終擴展到完全包圍其邊界的整個長度。

By 2014, anti climb mesh was installed and parts of the wall were topped off with barbed wire.

到 2014 年，安裝了防攀爬網，部分圍牆頂部還加裝了鐵絲網。

While by 2020, parts of the wall's height were further increased up to 9 meters.

而到 2020 年，部分圍牆的高度進一步增加到 9 公尺。

And throughout it all, as the wall's complexities evolved, the violence and tragedies experienced along them continued escalating as well.

而在這一切的演變中，隨著圍牆的複雜化，沿著圍牆發生的暴力和悲劇也持續不斷地加劇。

Tensions between Spain and Morocco over these disputed territories really began escalating in 2002, when a group of armed Moroccan soldiers occupied this small uninhabited island nearby to Ceuta that is similarly under Spanish sovereignty but disputed by Morocco.

西班牙和摩洛哥之間關於這些爭議領土的緊張關係，其實在 2002 年就開始升溫了，當時一群武裝的摩洛哥阿兵哥佔領了休達附近一個同樣由西班牙管轄但被摩洛哥聲稱擁有的小型無人島。

The Moroccan soldiers hoisted a Moroccan flag on the island, which was noticed by a passing Spanish coast guard vessel on its routine patrol.

摩洛哥阿兵哥在島上豎起了摩洛哥國旗，這被一艘例行巡邏的西班牙海岸巡邏艇發現了。

The Spaniards landed on the island and were confronted by the Moroccans, who forced them back onto their boat at gunpoint after what was reportedly a heated argument.

西班牙人登島後，與摩洛哥人發生了對峙，據說經過一番激烈的爭吵後，摩洛哥人持槍將他們趕回船上。

Over the next few days, the Moroccan soldiers on the island built up a fixed base on it, while the Spanish government warned that it would not accept a Moroccan fait accompli Taking control over the island, Spain sent in naval reinforcements to Ceuta, and

接下來幾天，島上的摩洛哥阿兵哥在那裡建立了一個固定基地，同時西班牙政府警告說，他們不會接受摩洛哥單方面控制該島的既成事實，西班牙向休達派遣了海軍增援，

a week after the Moroccans occupied the island, Spain launched a large military operation codenamed Rovio Sierra to evict them and retake it.

在摩洛哥人佔領該島一週後，西班牙發動了一場代號為 Rovio Sierra 的大型軍事行動，以驅逐他們並重新奪回該島。

4 Eurocopter Cougar helicopters departed from the Spanish mainland early in the morning and landed dozens of Spanish special forces on the occupied island, while Spanish F18 and Mirage F1 fighters flew overhead to provide aerial coverage, just in case the Moroccan air force attempted to interfere.

4 架 Eurocopter Cougar 直升機於清晨從西班牙本土起飛，將數十名西班牙特種部隊降落在被佔領的島上，同時西班牙的 F18 和 Mirage F1 戰鬥機在空中盤旋，提供空中支援，以防摩洛哥空軍試圖幹預。

The special forces were under direct orders to do their best to achieve the recapture of the island with zero casualties, but

特種部隊接到直接命令，盡力以零傷亡的代價重新奪回該島，但

they were still well armed and permitted to use lethal force if they were fired upon by the Moroccans first.

他們仍然裝備精良，如果遭到摩洛哥人首先開火，則被允許使用致命武力。

In the end, though, the Moroccan soldiers on the island offered up almost no resistance and rapidly surrendered.

但最終，島上的摩洛哥阿兵哥幾乎沒有抵抗就迅速投降了。

They were all taken prisoner and returned back to Morocco, and

他們全都被俘虜並遣返回摩洛哥，

the Spanish retook control over the island without a shot having to be fired.

西班牙在沒有開一槍的情況下重新控制了該島。

The whole incident showed that military clashes between the Moroccans and the Spanish over these disputed territories were still possible even in the 21st century.

整起事件顯示，即使在 21 世紀，摩洛哥和西班牙之間圍繞這些爭議領土的軍事衝突仍然可能發生。

Since then, the Moroccans haven't attempted to occupy the island again.

從那時起，摩洛哥人再也沒有試圖佔領該島。

But the Moroccan government has also continued to maintain its claim to it as well.

但摩洛哥政府也持續主張對該島的所有權。

And meanwhile, as the pace of migration into both Ceuta and Melilla from across Sub Saharan Africa and the Middle east through Morocco continued growing in scale, and

同時，隨著來自撒哈拉以南非洲和中東，經由摩洛哥進入休達和梅利利亞的移民規模不斷擴大，

while Spain and Morocco's ownership dispute over them also continued, the borders around them began growing increasingly deadly as Morocco began calculating on a hybrid warfare strategy of allowing migrants to pass through their territory in order to apply pressure on the territories they wanted.

雖然西班牙和摩洛哥之間對這些領土的所有權爭議仍在繼續，但周圍的邊界變得越來越致命，因為摩洛哥開始採取一種混合戰爭策略，允許移民通過其領土，以對其想要的領土施加壓力。

While Spain continued facing pressure from Brussels to restrict the entry of migrants at the frontiers as much as physically possible.

同時，西班牙持續面臨來自布魯塞爾的壓力，要求盡可能嚴格地限制邊境的移民入境。

Across just three months in 2005, between August and October, Amnesty International reported that 13 migrants died at the borders of Ceuta and Melilla, at the hands of Moroccan and Spanish border police.

在 2005 年 8 月到 10 月這短短三個月內，國際特赦組織報告稱，有 13 名移民在休達和梅利利亞的邊境死於摩洛哥和西班牙邊境警察之手。

Waiting to build up their numbers into a critical mass, groups of desperate migrants would organize in Morocco just outside of the border wall, and

在等待人數累積到臨界點時，一群絕望的移民會在摩洛哥邊境圍牆外組織起來，

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