Name: 【地層処分の科學】1-4. 玻璃固化體的埋設方法！ (【地層処分の科学】1-4. ガラス固化体の埋設方法)
Uploaded: 2026-01-03T03:32:26.000Z
Duration: 8 min 49 s

So in the long run, it is necessary to isolate the radioactive waste in deep geological formations.

所以長遠來看，有必要將放射性廢料隔離在深層地質構造中。

That means here we need people to construct, of course, such a repository.

這表示我們需要人們來建造，當然，像這樣的儲存庫。

But this should be stable for hundreds of thousands to millions of years.

但這需要穩定數十萬到數百萬年。

And that means here we don't need people to permanently check if the container is tight and things like that.

這表示我們不需要人們永久檢查容器是否密封等等。

It is a formation which is 100 million years old or 150 million years old, and

這是一種形成於一億或一億五千萬年前的地質構造，

during this period has never been dissolved by water and so on.

在這段期間從未被水溶解過等等。

This is relatively dry and water transport can only go by, by diffusion.

這裡相對乾燥，水分傳輸只能透過擴散進行。

And the water, the age of the groundwater in this area is in the areas of some millions of years.

而這裡地下水的年齡，大約是數百萬年。

And then one needs to drill, of course, a shaft there.

然後當然需要在那裡鑽一個豎井。

One needs to construct the repository, as you see here in this formation.

需要像您在這裡看到的，在這層地質構造中建造儲存庫。

But once it is in, now we can put the glass inside, in here.

但一旦放進去，我們就可以把玻璃放在裡面。

And then this would be very nice, isolated.

And even if we put very soluble materials in, they would be isolated from the human environment for millions of years.

即使我們放入非常可溶性的物質，它們也會在數百萬年內與人類環境隔離。

Just because the transport of water, of groundwater to the environment takes such long period.

只是因為水分傳輸到環境需要這麼長的時間。

And essentially contact by groundwater or by pore water of the clay is the only way by which radionuclates could come back to the human accessible environment of future generations and so on.

基本上，透過地下水或黏土的孔隙水接觸，是放射性核種能夠回到未來世代人類可接觸環境的唯一途徑。

So placing the glass at some depths in such a disposal site is maybe 500 meters depth.

所以將玻璃放置在處置場址的某些深度，大約是 500 公尺深。

Of course, needs to be constructed repository systems.

We need galleries to have access to disposal places.

我們需要通道來進入處置場址。

Then we need to drill disposal plates where we can put the waste in.

然後我們需要鑽探處置板，以便我們放入廢料。

For example, this is a container with the glass, which you have seen before.

例如，這是一個裝有玻璃的容器，你們之前看過的。

And this is now surrounded by another canister around which is maybe about 5 centimeters of iron.

這個容器現在被另一個大約有 5 公分厚的鐵罐包圍著。

And this iron container with a glass will be put into some, into some vaults.

這個裝有玻璃的鐵罐會被放入一些，放入一些庫房。

And then we drill maybe a large hole and put them vertically or horizontally, like in this case, in.

然後我們鑽一個大洞，將它們垂直或水準放入，就像這個例子一樣。

And then the glasses could be filled again, closed by concrete and so on, or by clay materials.

然後玻璃可以再次填充，用混凝土等封閉，或用黏土材料。

And then this would be isolated in principle forever.

然後原則上這將會被永久隔離。

Once it is there, this, of course, heat generation and the heat generation is continuing.

到了那裡之後，當然就會產生熱，而且熱的產生會持續。

You have seen that even after hundreds of years, there is still high heat.

你們可以看到，即使經過數百年，仍然有很高的熱度。

So one needs to space glass containers here, maybe one here, maybe another one, and so on.

所以我們需要將玻璃容器在這裡錯開擺放，可能一個在這裡，另一個在那裡，以此類推。

So they need to be spaced at some distances so that the heat does not get higher than the temperature, maximum temperature allowed for such a repository, maybe 100 degrees.

所以它們需要保持一定的距離，這樣熱度才不會超過儲存庫允許的最高溫度，可能攝氏一百度。

You don't want to go too much higher, just because then there may be mineralogical transformations or fractures and things like that in the repository rock, which one wants to avoid.

我們不希望溫度太高，因為那樣可能會在儲存庫的岩石中發生礦物轉變或產生裂縫之類的情況，這是我們想要避免的。

And once the repository closed, the question is, are the radionuclides really then immobilized forever?

一旦儲存庫關閉了，問題是，放射性核種真的能永遠被固定住嗎？

The only way by which radionuclides from the glass could eventually come back into the human accessible environment is by groundwater.

放射性核種從玻璃中最終回到人類可接觸的環境的唯一途徑就是透過地下水。

Now, as I said before, the groundwater movement, the groundwater is very old.

現在，就像我之前說的，地下水的流動，這些地下水非常古老。

And the time from the waste disposal place to the environment may take some million of years to go there.

而從處置場址到環境，可能需要數百萬年的時間才能到達。

In clay rock, of course, water is omnipresent.

在黏土巖裡，當然，水無所不在。

And once the container will be corroded and the container may last 10,000 years and there may be corrosion products and the container will break at some time.

而且一旦容器被腐蝕，容器可能只能維持一萬年，會有腐蝕產物，容器總有一天會損壞。

This depends on the choice of the container material and how long a container will last.

這取決於容器材料的選擇以及容器能維持多久。

But just a good number today, I think is 10,000 years.

不過今天，我認為一萬年是個不錯的數字。

Even if in some repositories, like in Sweden, they can even be million years stable copper containers.

即使在某些儲存庫，例如瑞典，他們甚至可以使用穩定數百萬年的銅製容器。

But here in France, for example, we use iron containers.

但例如在法國，我們使用鐵製容器。

Now, after 10,000 years, then this already, during the first 10,000 years is already very nice because now we have a protection of the glass and of the radionuclides inside of the glass for at least 300 generations.

現在，一萬年之後，在最初的一萬年裡，這已經很棒了，因為我們至少有三百代的玻璃和玻璃中放射性核種的保護。

這已經是個非常非常龐大的數量了。

Humanity has never produced something which is sustainable for such long period of time.

人類從未製造出能維持這麼長時間的東西。

Some dangerous radionuclides like cesium 137 or iodine 29, iodine 137 or the strontium 90, they are decayed.

像銫137或碘29、碘137，或是鍶90這類危險的放射性核種，它們已經衰變了。

After 10,000 years, they're largely decayed.

一萬年之後，它們大部分都衰變了。

So there's nothing left from these radionuclides there.

所以這些放射性核種就什麼都沒剩下。

And that means they cannot go to the human accessible environment.

這意味著它們無法進入人類可接觸的環境。

Plutonium will also be quite a bit decayed.

Americium is entirely decayed, and so on.

But there are still some radionuclides which are there and which have a longer half half life, like iodine129, have a half life of some tens of millions of years takes much.

但還是有些放射性核種存在，而且半衰期更長，像是碘129，半衰期有數千萬年，需要很長的時間。

They will not decay in the period by which the container breaks.

So after the container breach, the water may come in contact with glass.

所以容器破裂後，水可能會接觸到玻璃。

This is pore water and leading to some slow corrosion of the glass and and to some dissolution of the radionuclide.

這是孔隙水，會緩慢腐蝕玻璃並溶解放射性核種。

And the dissolved radionuclides may slowly be transported to the environment by where humans are living.

溶解的放射性核種可能會透過水分傳輸緩慢地進入人類環境。

And humans may take some water from irrigating fields or for food and so on, and

人類可能會從灌溉或食物中攝取到這些水，

But such a process may take up to millions of years until this contamination may occur.

但這樣的過程可能需要數百萬年才會發生汙染。

And one needs to make sure that the quantity of radioactivity which is inside of this pore water is sufficiently low so that it will never do harm even after millions of years.

我們需要確保孔隙水中的放射性物質含量足夠低，即使數百萬年後也不會造成危害。