Name: 1995年《岱頓和平協議》從一開始就註定失敗了嗎？ | DW 新聞 (Was the 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement doomed to fail from the outset? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2025-12-09T17:02:26.000Z
Duration: 5 min 4 s

基礎被動語態

Thirty years ago, on December 14th, 1995, a Dayton Peace Agreement, also known as the Dayton Accord, was signed at a ceremony in Paris.

三十年前，也就是 1995 年 12 月 14 日，一份名為《德頓協議》的《德頓和平協議》，在巴黎的一場儀式上簽署。

It brought an end to the Bosnian war, one of the bloodiest conflicts in Europe since World War II.

這場協議終結了波士尼亞戰爭，這是二戰以來歐洲最血腥的衝突之一。

But what is the date and peace agreement and how was it reached?

但這份協議的日期、內容是什麼，又是怎麼達成的呢？

In the midst of the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a republic made up of ethnic Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats, declared independence on March 3, 1992.

在 1990 年代初期南斯拉夫分裂的過程中，由波士尼亞族、塞爾維亞人和克羅埃西亞人組成的波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納共和國，於 1992 年 3 月 3 日宣佈獨立。

The ensuing conflict was brutal and complex.

隨之而來的衝突既殘酷又複雜。

Bosnian Serb forces, which were backed by neighbouring Serbia, sought to create ethnically homogenous territories, while the Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats formed to defend their own areas.

在鄰國塞爾維亞支持下的波士尼亞塞爾維亞部隊，試圖建立種族同質的領土，而波士尼亞族和波士尼亞克羅埃西亞人則結盟保衛自己的區域。

In the three years that followed, over 100,000 people were killed and around 2 million displaced, nearly half of the country's population.

在接下來的三年裡，超過 10 萬人喪生，約 200 萬人流離失所，幾乎佔了國家人口的一半。

The turning point of the war came in early July 1995 in the small eastern Bosnian town of Srebrenica.

戰爭的轉捩點發生在 1995 年 7 月初，位於波士尼亞東部一個名為斯雷布雷尼察的小鎮。

The UN had declared the town a safe area, which meant that thousands of Bosniaks flocked there in search of refuge.

聯合國宣佈該鎮為安全區，這意味著成千上萬的波士尼亞族人湧入尋求庇護。

Over the course of just a few days, Bosnian Serb troops killed more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys in what international courts later ruled was a genocide.

在短短幾天內，波士尼亞塞爾維亞部隊殺害了超過 8,000 名波士尼亞族男性和男孩，國際法庭後來裁定這是一場種族滅絕。

It also exposed the shortcomings of the international peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and pushed Western governments to take action.

這也暴露了國際維和部隊在波士尼亞的不足，並促使西方政府採取行動。

Soon after, Srebrenica, NATO, supported by the ground operations of the United Nations Protection Force border, launched airstrikes against the Bosnian Serb positions.

隨後，在北約和聯合國保護部隊地面行動邊界的支援下，對波士尼亞塞爾維亞陣地發動了空襲。

The offensive led to the leaders of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia agreeing to meet for peace negotiations at a US military base in Dayton, Ohio.

這場攻勢促使波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納、克羅埃西亞和塞爾維亞的領導人同意在美國俄亥俄州代頓市的一個軍事基地舉行和平談判。

The parties have pledged to cooperate fully with a NATO led peace implementation force and to ensure the safety of its personnel.

各方承諾將全面配合北約領導的和平執行部隊，並確保其人員的安全。

An agreement that ended the Bosnian war was reached in Dayton on November 21 and formally signed in Paris on December 14, 1995.

結束波士尼亞戰爭的協議於 1995 年 11 月 21 日在代頓達成，並於 1995 年 12 月 14 日在巴黎正式簽署。

The agreement accepted by all parties, stipulated that Bosnia and Herzegovina would be made up of two the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is mostly inhabited by Bosniaks, and

各方同意的協議規定，波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納將由兩個部分組成：主要由波士尼亞族居住的波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納聯邦，以及

the Bosnian Croats, and Republika Srpska, which is predominantly populated by Bosnian Serbs.

波士尼亞克羅埃西亞人，以及主要由波士尼亞塞爾維亞人居住的塞族共和國。

30 years after Dayton, there is still peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

代頓協議簽署 30 年後，波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納仍然保持和平。

But while the highly complex political system created by the agreement stopped hostilities, it didn't put an end to ethnic divisions and and separatist tendencies or allow the country to truly prosper.

不過，協議所建立的複雜政治體系雖然停止了敵對行動，卻未能終結族群分裂和分離主義傾向，也沒能讓國家真正繁榮起來。

The country's economy is currently one of the weakest in Europe and its high rate of unemployment is a major problem.

該國經濟目前是歐洲最弱的之一，高失業率是個大問題。

Bosnia and Herzegovina is keen to join the European Union, but

波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納渴望加入歐洲聯盟，但

significant reforms will have to be introduced before accession becomes a reality.

在加入成為現實之前，必須進行重大改革。

In short, while peace prevails, Bosnia and Herzegovina is still searching for a way to overcome the bitter divisions created by the war and move forward in prosperity.

總之，雖然和平依然存在，但波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納仍在尋找方法，以克服戰爭造成的痛苦分裂，並邁向繁榮。

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1995年《岱頓和平協議》從一開始就註定失敗了嗎？ | DW 新聞 (Was the 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement doomed to fail from the outset? | DW News)

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