Name: 日本力拚最強微晶片，半導體迎來復興！🎧 (Japan's quest for the most powerful microchip leads semiconductor revival 🎧)
Uploaded: 2025-11-12T18:34:00.000Z
Duration: 31 min 13 s

Welcome to beyond the Valley, a CNBC tech podcast with Arjun Karpil and Tom Chitty.

歡迎來到「超越山谷」，CNBC 的科技Podcast，由 Arjun Karpil 和 Tom Chitty 主持。

情態副詞

By now, you're probably aware of the importance of semiconductors.

到現在，你可能已經知道半導體的重要性了。

They're in everything from smartphones to running shoes and are a vital component in the development of Gen AI.

從智慧型手機到跑鞋，到處都有它們的身影，而且它們是 Gen AI 發展中不可或缺的一環。

But you may not know that back in the 1980s, Japan occupied more than half of the global semiconductor market.

但你可能不知道，早在 1980 年代，日本就佔據了全球半導體市場的一半以上。

Since then, however, other countries have led the way as they scramble to secure their chip supply chains.

從那時起，其他國家紛紛領先，爭相確保他們的晶片供應鏈。

Now, Japan, with the backing of both government and business, is planning to revitalize their semiconductor industry and have begun a quest to develop the world's most advanced microchip.

現在，在日本政府和企業的支持下，日本正計畫重振他們的半導體產業，並已展開一項開發全球最先進微晶片的任務。

Our guest this week is a senior analyst at the Economist Intelligence unit.

這週我們的來賓是經濟學人智庫的一位資深分析師。

Created in 1946, the EIU, as it's otherwise known, is a research and analysis division of the Economist Group, the sister company to the Economist newspaper.

EIU 成立於 1946 年，也就是大家熟知的經濟學人集團旗下的研究分析部門，經濟學人集團是經濟學人報紙的姊妹公司。

He focuses on Northeast Asia, providing forecast and analysis on economic development, public policy, and

他專注於東北亞，提供經濟發展、公共政策方面的預測和分析，以及

Fei Shi, thank you for joining beyond the Valley.

Fei Shi，謝謝你來參加「超越矽谷」。

Now, Fei, you have two master's degrees, I believe, one in comparative politics and the other in public policy.

Fei，我記得你有兩個碩士學位，一個是比較政治學，另一個是公共政策。

Makes perfect sense for your future career or the career you have now.

這對你未來的職業生涯或現在的職業生涯來說，都非常合理。

But your bachelor's degree was in Spanish language and literature, am I right?

但你的學士學位是西班牙語文學，我說對嗎？

Okay, so the important question that we really want to ask is how is your Spanish?

好的，所以我們真正想問的重點問題是，你的西班牙語程度如何？

I can barely order dishes in Spanish restaurants right now.

我現在在西班牙餐廳頂多隻能點菜。

I used to speak decent Spanish, but not anymore, but.

我以前西班牙語說得還不錯，但現在不行了，不過。

好，那我們就來為聽眾們好好介紹一下。

just to give an understanding of kind of why people should care about what we're talking about today.

主要是讓大家瞭解，為什麼我們要關心今天討論的內容。

Essentially, semiconductors is more like a commodity nowadays.

基本上，半導體現在更像是一種商品。

And we use this very small component everywhere in not only electronics devices, but

就像我說的，甚至跑鞋裡，都用到了這個非常小的零組件。

And eventually, I think, because the moving trend of the world is a connection of everything together.

最終，我認為，因為世界的趨勢是萬物互聯。

And because of that, we need semiconductors for that to be achievable.

也因為這樣，我們需要半導體來實現這一切。

And semiconductors largely, there are two group of it.

One is logic chips, the other is memory chips.

一個是邏輯晶片，另一個是記憶晶片。

And logic chips is what we call processors.

邏輯晶片就是我們說的處理器。

And memory chips is where we store data in it.

記憶晶片則是我們儲存資料的地方。

Yeah, they are to the biggest segment of the semiconductor markets and different.

對，它們是半導體市場中最大宗的區塊，而且有所不同。

Each segment have their dominant powers in it.

Before we get to Arjun's stat of the week, we'll Just do a little bit of housekeeping.

在我們進入 Arjun 的本週數據之前，我們先做一點點例行事務。

So if you haven't already, you can subscribe to the beyond the Valley weekly newsletter.

所以，如果你還沒訂閱，可以訂閱 beyond the Valley 電子報。

Head to cnbc.com beyondthe valley, click on the subscribe button and you'll get a newsletter every Friday with all the best international tech stories from cnbc.

前往 cnbc.com beyondthe valley，點擊訂閱按鈕，你每週五都會收到一份電子報，裡面有 CNBC 最棒的國際科技新聞。

And if you want to contact Arjun and I or have a question about a past episode or this episode, then email us@beyondthevalleynbc.com so before we get back to it, Arjun, stat of the week.

如果你想聯繫 Arjun 和我，或對過去或這一集的節目有任何問題，請寄信到 us@beyondthevalleynbc.com，在我們回到正題之前，Arjun，先來看看本週數據。

I'm actually going to write that down because I like to think about it as the Fay knows the answer.

我其實要把這個寫下來，因為我喜歡把它想成是 Fay 知道答案。

Okay, let's talk about specifically then Japan.

Give us a little bit of background on Japan's semiconductor industry.

請跟我們稍微介紹一下日本的半導體產業。

Japan used to be the pioneer of global semiconductor research and development.

日本過去是全球半導體研發的先驅。

Like I said, at the end of 1980s, Japan Japanese companies together accounted for like 51% of global semiconductor market.

就像我說的，在1980年代末期，日本公司加起來佔了全球半導體市場的51%。

Because in 1980, a consortium of Japanese companies, they made a breakthrough in terms of creating or developing the electron beam lithography technology in terms of making semiconductors much easier and at a cheaper price.

因為在1980年，一個日本公司聯盟在電子束微影技術的開發上取得了突破，讓半導體的製造變得更容易且價格更便宜。

And also with the help from state fund and financing powers, they quickly take up most of the global share of semiconductors and become a powerhouse in that area.

還有，在國家基金和金融力量的協助下，他們迅速佔據了大部分的全球半導體市場份額，並成為該領域的強權。

But also like I said, after the 1980s, starting from 1990s, their market share quickly descended and right now their collective market share is like below 10% in the world.

但就像我說的，在1980年代之後，從1990年代開始，他們的市場份額迅速下滑，現在他們的總市場份額在全球低於10%。

And most of the semiconductors made in Japan are either specialty semiconductors related to especially automotive industry or legacy semiconductors, which is bigger than 28 nanometers.

而且在日本製造的半導體，大部分都是跟汽車產業特別相關的特殊半導體，或是大於28奈米的舊式半導體。

Faye, what was the changes that happened that meant that Japan lost some of its leadership?

Faye，是什麼樣的變化讓日本失去了部分領導地位呢？

我知道其中一部分是政治因素，對吧？

I think under the Reagan administration in the U.S.

they imposed some very big tariffs on Japanese memory semiconductors, which effectively hurt.

他們對日本的記憶晶片施加了非常高的關稅，這確實造成了傷害。

One is political as you mentioned, the 100% semiconductor tariffs imposed by the U.S.

一個是你提到的政治原因，美國實施了百分之百的半導體關稅。

but also from the U.S. in 1986 there the U.S. and Japan signed the U.S. japan Semiconductor Agreement.

但美國在1986年也和日本簽訂了美日半導體協議。

Essentially it set the bottom line, bottom limit for semiconductor Japanese made semiconductors price sold in the US but also it forcibly increased the share of foreign semiconductors sold in the Japanese market.

基本上，它設定了在日本銷售的日本製造半導體的最低價格，同時也強制提高了在日本市場銷售的外國半導體的市佔率。

So by doing these two One thing is on the car Japanese semiconductor chip makers competitive competitiveness in the global market.

這樣一來，這兩件事，一件是削弱了日本半導體晶片製造商在全球市場的競爭力。

Another thing that is forced to open Japanese semiconductor market to foreign players.

另一件事是迫使日本半導體市場向外國廠商開放。

And this creates opportunity for the US South Korea and Taiwan speak of the latter two.

這為美國、南韓和臺灣創造了機會，我們就來談談後兩者。

Around 1990s there is a generational evolution in semiconductor development is a specialization in sector.

大約在1990年代，半導體發展出現了世代演進，朝向產業專業化發展。

So traditionally one single company, a big company take care of both chip design and also the manufacturing which is a traditional Japanese model.

傳統上，一家大型公司會同時負責晶片設計和製造，這就是日本的傳統模式。

But starting from 1990s, specialization made it possible for one company to focus on chip designing, which is a strong point for US companies.

但從1990年代開始，專業化讓一家公司能夠專注於晶片設計，這是美國公司的強項。

And some companies start to just focus on manufacturing.

而有些公司則開始專注於製造。

So so essentially tsmc, the Taiwanese chip makers is just a contractor.

所以，基本上臺積電，這家臺灣的晶片製造商，就是一家代工廠。

They focus on manufacturing semiconductors designed by whoever are the players.

他們專注於製造由任何廠商設計的半導體。

And that gave these companies the opportunity to leapfrog Japanese companies by investing heavily into a certain specific segment or sector in this industry.

這讓這些公司有機會透過大力投資產業中的特定區塊或領域，來超越日本公司。

And many of these Japanese semiconductor makers, they could not catch up with a huge amount of fixed investment.

而且這些日本半導體製造商很多都無法跟上龐大的固定投資。

And the government support to the industry also declined a little bit.

而且政府對這個產業的支持也稍微減少了。

So that's why Japanese chip makers gradually lose competitiveness in the global market.

所以這就是為什麼日本晶片製造商在全球市場上逐漸失去競爭力。

So just to summarize, I mean quite a few things there.

所以總結一下，我說這裡面有好幾件事。

It was one that the politics one, the sort of decline of, of investment, but

其中一個是政治因素，投資的衰退，但是

also the increase in competitiveness of foreign players who were allow to enter the market.

還有外來競爭者進入市場後競爭力的提升。

But also I think one of the biggest shifts and you heard it and if our listeners ever come across is the fabless model, right, the rise of the fabless model.

但我也認為其中一個最大的轉變，你們也聽過，如果我們的聽眾有機會接觸到，那就是無廠半導體模式，對吧，無廠模式的興起。

You probably hear these days about Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, or tsmc, the biggest semiconductor manufacturer in the world.

你現在可能常聽到臺積電，也就是臺灣積體電路製造股份有限公司，是世界上最大的半導體製造商。

They were big, I guess beneficiary of this move for companies that wanted to not manufacture their own chips, but

我想它們是這個趨勢的大贏家，因為有些公司想要不自己製造晶片，而是

actually just designed them and outsourced that manufacturing to TSMC and others as well.

實際上只設計它們，然後將製造外包給臺積電和其他公司。

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日本力拚最強微晶片，半導體迎來復興！🎧 (Japan's quest for the most powerful microchip leads semiconductor revival 🎧)

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