Wait, we don't have to go back that far.

The earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.

No, still too far.

Try this. It's the Middle Ages.

People in Britain run out of firewood. They start burning coal, but they use up the

coal on the ground.

Miners dig deep,

Coal mines fill with water.

Samuel Newcomen invents a coal burning steam engine to pump out water so miners

can keep digging.

James Watt makes it practical for other uses. Now we have ingredients for the

Industrial Revolution: fossil fuels and a way to put them to work.

All hell breaks loose.

Coal miners bogged down lugging coal. Rails make it easier. Rails and steam engine

combined make a railroad.

Michael Faraday makes the first electric motor.

Nicola Tesla invents alternating current.

Soon, utility companies start burning coal to generate electricity.

Meanwhile, Edwin Drake drills the first rock oil well in Pennsylvania, and

Gottlieb Daimler builds an automobile running on petroleum.

Coal tar and oil are turned into industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals that

prolong life. More population growth.

The Wright brothers start oil fueled aviation.

Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch make fertilizer from fossil fuels.

Fertilizer and oil-powered tractors expand food production, feeding more people.

World War One is the first fossil fueled conflict. Then comes World War

Two, giving us guided missiles and atom bombs. In between is a Great Depression

partly caused by overproduction. Powered assembly lines make products faster than

people need them.

Advertising executives invent consumerism to soak up overproduction.

It's the 1950s. Advertisers use television to hook new generations

of consumers.

In the 70s, there's an oil shock. Everyone's shocked to realize how

dependent they are on oil.

With the energy crisis, the environmental movement is born.

But oil prices fall, and everyone forgets energy shortages. There's a showdown

between market and planned economies. Market wins. Goodbye evil Soviet empire.

Politicians decide the market will solve everything.

Personal computers arrive.

Globalization takes over when the market notices labor is cheaper in China.

Suddenly everyone has a cell phone, but world oil production stalls out.

China's now burning half the world's coal to make export products, but where

will China get more coal and oil to fuel more growth?

Environmental problems everywhere.

Rising CO2 levels lead to record heat waves, floods, droughts. Oceans

acidify. Topsoil erodes by 25 billion tons a year from industrial

agriculture.

Ancient forests

disappear.

Species go extinct at a thousand times normal rates.

Freshwater is scarce or polluted.

Oil companies drill in miles of sea water because the easy oil is gone, but

a deep water oil platform explodes and fouls the gulf of Mexico.

Manufacturing moves to polluting countries where labor is cheap,

while the U.S. becomes a casino. The financial sector is forty percent of the

economy,

but Wall Street is over leveraged.

Banks fail, unemployment soars, credit evaporates.

The economy is on the verge of collapse!

Okay. Present time. It's amazing how far we've come in 200 years. Just

three human lifetimes,

from the beginning of industrialism until now.

But where are we headed?

We can't keep doubling human population. We can't keep dumping carbon in the

atmosphere.

We can't keep ruining topsoil. We can't keep growing population and consumption

or basing our economy on depleting fossil fuels.

We can't just print more money to solve the debt crisis.

It's been an exhilarating ride, but there are limits.

Now, it's not the end of the world, but we have to do four things fast:

learn to live without fossil fuels,

adapt to the end of economic growth as we've known it,

support seven billion humans and stabilize population at a sustainable level,

and deal with our legacy of environmental destruction.

In short, we have to live within nature's budget of renewable resources

at rates of natural replenishment.

Can we do it?

We have no choice.

Alternative energy sources are important, but none can fully replace fossil

fuels in the time we have.

Also, we've designed and built our infrastructure for transport, electricity

and farming to suit oil, coal and gas.

Changing to different energy sources will require us to redesign cities,

manufacturing processes,

health care and more.

We'll also have to rethink some of our cultural values.

None of our global problems can be tackled in isolation, and many cannot be

fully solved.

We have to prepare for business as unusual.

Our best goal is

resilience:

the ability to absorb shocks and keep going.

If we do nothing,

we still get to a post carbon future, but it will be bleak.

However, if we plan the transition

we can have a world that supports robust communities of healthy creative

people

and ecosystems with millions of other species.

One way or the other, we're in for the ride of a lifetime.

Understand the issues and pitch in. It's all hands on deck!