Name: V2 納粹神奇武器的內部構造 (Inside the V2 Nazi Wonder Weapon)
Uploaded: 2025-09-07T23:14:32.000Z
Duration: 19 min 2 s

This is the V-2, the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

這是 V-2，世界上第一枚遠程制導彈道導彈。

副詞型分詞構句

Faster than four times the speed of sound, it even travelled to the edges of space before descending to its target.

它的速度是音速的四倍，甚至可以飛到太空的邊緣，然後再降落到目標位置。

And it was the first man-made object to leave the atmosphere, reaching a height of 128 miles above the Earth.

它是第一個離開大氣層的人造物體，高度達到地球上空 128 英里。

The V-2 was a revolutionary weapon, unlike anything the world had seen before.

V-2 是一種革命性的武器，與世界上以往任何一種武器都不同。

In this video, we'll break it down in detail and explore whether it really had the potential to change the course of the war.

在本視頻中，我們將對其進行詳細分析，並探討它是否真的有可能改變戰爭的進程。

In this film, we'll show the basic combat model of the V-2 rocket.

在本片中，我們將展示 V-2 火箭的基本戰鬥模型。

My name is David Webb, and this is Blue Pawprint.

我叫大衛-韋伯，這裡是藍色爪印。

The V-2 was a single-stage liquid propellant rocket with a complex guidance system.

V-2 是一種單級液體推進劑火箭，具有複雜的制導系統。

It was 45 feet 11 inches long, with a fuselage diameter of 5 feet 5 inches.

它長 45 英尺 11 英寸，機身直徑 5 英尺 5 英寸。

The fuselage was built using thin sheet steel wrapped around a solid framework of steel.

機身是用薄鋼板包裹在堅固的鋼框架上製成的。

Fuselage components were connected to the steel framework by welds and rivets.

機身部件通過焊接和鉚釘與鋼框架相連。

Fully fueled, the V-2 weighed 27,557 pounds.

加滿燃料後，V-2 重達 27 557 磅。

The V-2 missile was composed from four main sections.

The warhead, the equipment section, the center section, and the tail section.

彈頭、設備部分、中心部分和尾部。

The warhead section was mounted at the rocket's tip, complete with its explosive charge and fuses.

彈頭部分安裝在火箭頂端，並配有炸藥和引信。

Three fuses were fitted into the warhead.

A contact and inertial fuse were mounted right under the nose cap.

接觸式引信和慣性引信安裝在機頭蓋下方。

And a second inertial fuse was mounted at the base of the charge.

第二個慣性引信安裝在裝藥底部。

Any single fuse could activate the explosive charge.

任何一根引信都可能引爆炸藥。

The warhead was loaded with 2,000 pounds of amatol, a highly explosive material commonly used during World War II.

彈頭裝載了 2 000 磅阿馬托爾，這是一種二戰期間常用的高爆炸性材料。

Amatol consisted of 60% TNT and 40% ammonium nitrate.

Amatol 由 60% 的 TNT 和 40% 的硝酸銨組成。

Amatol was less powerful but cheaper and more heat tolerant than pure TNT.

與純 TNT 相比，Amatol 的威力較小，但成本較低，而且更耐高溫。

The equipment section housed the guidance and control systems.

設備部分安裝了制導和控制系統。

Inside this section were two electrically powered gyroscopes, which enabled autonomous control during flight.

這部分內部有兩個電動陀螺儀，可以在飛行過程中實現自主控制。

The horizontal gyroscope detected deviations in the rocket's pitch, while the vertical monitored yaw and roll.

水準陀螺儀檢測火箭俯仰的偏差，垂直陀螺儀則監測偏航和滾動。

An analog computer connected to gyros and control surfaces.

連接陀螺儀和控制面的模擬計算機。

Batteries to power the gyroscope's computer and other systems.

為陀螺儀的計算機和其他系統供電的電池。

And a main electric distribution board, which could receive external electrical power before takeoff.

還有一個主配電板，可以在起飛前接收外部電力。

In addition to the instruments and the batteries, the equipment section housed compressed air bottles to maintain pressure in the fuel tank located in the central section below.

除了儀器和電池外，設備部分還放置了壓縮空氣瓶，以保持下方中央部分燃料箱中的壓力。

The largest section was the centre of the rocket, inside which there were two aluminium-magnesium alloy tanks.

最大的部分是火箭的中心，裡面有兩個鋁鎂合金油箱。

The larger of the two tanks held fuel, while the smaller one was filled with supercooled liquid oxygen.

兩個油箱中較大的一個裝有燃料，較小的一個裝有過冷液氧。

Both tanks were insulated with layers of glass wall that was pressed with wooden chocks to keep the insulation in place under heavy acceleration.

兩個水箱都採用了多層玻璃隔熱壁，並用木塊壓緊，以便在猛烈加速時保持隔熱層的位置。

The bottom most section was the tail, which contained the rocket engine, the adjoining turbopump assembly and plumbing, as well as an exhaust thrust nozzle.

最下面的部分是尾翼，裡面裝有火箭發動機、相鄰的渦輪泵組件和管道，以及一個排氣推力噴嘴。

Four large stabilizing fins or wings protruded from the tail section.

尾部伸出四個大的穩定鰭或翼。

Each was equipped with a set of external and internal control vanes for controlling the rocket.

每個火箭都配備了一套外部和內部控制葉片，用於控制火箭。

These would be controlled by the analog computer.

The details of the V2's launch and flight sequence will be covered later in this film.

本片稍後將詳細介紹 V2 的發射和飛行過程。

The V2 needed to have a powerful engine to deliver its 2,200 pound warhead up to 200 miles distance.

V2 需要一個強大的發動機，才能將其 2 200 磅重的彈頭投射到 200 英里之外。

It was powerful enough to produce 55,000 pounds of thrust for more than a minute.

它的威力足以產生 55 000 磅的推力，持續一分鐘以上。

However, for this to be achieved, the engine had to consume a lot of fuel at very high pressure.

然而，要實現這一目標，發動機必須在非常高的壓力下消耗大量燃料。

German engineers designed an improved combustion chamber and pressure pump to meet these challenges.

德國工程師設計了改進的燃燒室和壓力泵，以應對這些挑戰。

The combustion chamber was the core of the engine.

The chamber had a double-walled structure with both inner and outer walls made of pressed steel.

密室為雙層結構，內外壁均由壓制鋼製成。

Fuel lines were fed through the double wall to the injector head.

燃油管通過雙層壁輸送到噴油器頭。

The fuel absorbed heat from the chamber walls.

This helped cool the walls of the combustion chamber while also heating up the fuel.

這有助於冷卻燃燒室壁，同時加熱燃料。

The injector head, consisting of 18 burner cups, fed fuel and liquid oxygen into the combustion chamber.

由 18 個燃燒杯組成的噴射頭將燃料和液氧送入燃燒室。

The burner cups were also referred to as diffuser cups and were arranged in concentric circles.

燃燒杯也被稱為擴散杯，呈同心圓狀排列。

Each cup had a central liquid oxygen injector surrounded by five rows of fuel injectors and feed holes connected to the chamber's double wall.

每個杯子中央都有一個液氧噴射器，周圍有五排燃料噴射器和與艙室雙壁相連的進氣孔。

The fuel evaporating from the cup walls gave them some protection against high temperatures.

杯壁蒸發出的燃料可以在一定程度上防止高溫。

As well, four rows of feed holes were drilled into the combustion chamber to give further protection from hot gases.

此外，燃燒室還鑽有四排進氣孔，以進一步防止熱氣進入。

If too much fuel was pumped into the space between the double wall design, the pressure could lead to a catastrophic explosion.

如果過多的燃料被泵入雙壁設計之間的空間，壓力可能會導致災難性的爆炸。

To counter this, a valve would release high pressure between the walls before it could reach dangerous levels.

為了應對這種情況，一個閥門會在牆壁之間的高壓達到危險程度之前將其釋放。

The supply of fuel under high pressure was provided by a special turbopump.

高壓燃料由一個特殊的渦輪泵提供。

The turbopump was in essence a steam turbine that drew fuel and liquid oxygen from the tanks and fed them into the chamber through separate valves.

渦輪泵實質上是一個蒸汽渦輪機，它從油箱中抽取燃料和液氧，並通過單獨的閥門將它們送入艙內。

The liquid oxygen valve was connected directly to the burner cups via 18 pipes.

液氧閥通過 18 根管道直接連接到燃燒器杯。

The fuel valve directed the fuel through two large pipes which split into six smaller subpipes before connecting into the inlet manifold at the bottom of the chamber's double wall.

燃料閥引導燃料通過兩根大管道，這兩根大管道又抽成六個較小的子管道，然後連接到艙室雙壁底部的進氣歧管。

Steam produced from a steam generator powered the turbopump.

蒸汽發生器產生的蒸汽為渦輪泵提供動力。

The steam generator, its fuel tank and the turbopump were all mounted to a frame attached to the combustion chamber via four large bolt joints.

蒸汽發生器、燃料箱和渦輪泵都安裝在一個框架上，通過四個大螺栓接頭與燃燒室相連。

The V-2's rocket engine was fueled by a combination of alcohol and water with liquid oxygen serving as the oxidizer that enabled the fuel to burn.

V-2 火箭發動機的燃料是酒精和水，液氧是使燃料燃燒的氧化劑。

The primary fuel, labeled B-stuff or B-stuff in English, was usually a mixture of 75% ethanol and 25% water.

主要燃料的英文名稱為 B-stuff，通常是 75% 的乙醇和 25% 的水的混合物。

The fuel tank had a capacity of 8,179 pounds.

Below the B-stuff tank was the A-stuff tank, a 10,802 pound tank of liquid oxygen.

B 級儲氣罐下面是 A 級儲氣罐，這是一個重達 10802 磅的液氧罐。

The liquid oxygen tank still needed to be continuously topped off right until the launch as it evaporated very quickly.

液氧罐在發射前仍需不斷加滿，因為它蒸發得很快。

The rocket also carried 385 pounds of T-stuff, a mixture of 80% hydrogen peroxide and 20% water.

火箭還攜帶了 385 磅 T-stuff，這是一種 80% 過氧化氫和 20% 水的混合物。

And 48 pounds of Z-stuff, a mixture of 33% sodium permanganate and 66% water.

還有 48 磅 Z-stuff，一種 33% 的高錳酸鈉和 66% 的水的混合物。

T-stuff, in combination with Z-stuff, decomposed into oxygen and steam to drive the 580 horsepower turbopump.

T-stuff 與 Z-stuff 結合，分解成氧氣和蒸汽，驅動 580 馬力的渦輪泵。

Finally, P-stuff, a label used for both compressed air and nitrogen, was used to fill special tanks throughout the rocket assembly to serve as various components and maintain pressure inside the fuel tank.

最後，P-stuff（壓縮空氣和氮氣的標籤）被用來填充整個火箭組件中的特殊容器，作為各種組件並保持燃料箱內的壓力。

The fuel was loaded into the rocket only after it was positioned at the launch site.

燃料是在火箭在發射場就位後才裝入火箭的。

V-2 missiles were stored in protected bunkers, empty and without the warhead mounted.

V-2 飛彈存放在受保護的掩體中，飛彈是空的，沒有安裝彈頭。

They were transported to their launch points using a special trailer called the mylar wagon.

它們是用一種叫做 "膠布車 "的特殊拖車運到發射點的。

The mylar wagon was usually towed to the launch site by a 100-horsepower wheeled tractor, the Hanomag SS-100.

通常由一臺 100 馬力的輪式拖拉機 Hanomag SS-100 將膠布車拖到發射場。

The mylar wagon was an ingenious design that could move the rocket to the launch position and elevate it to set the V-2 upon the launch table.

膠布車的設計非常巧妙，它可以將火箭移動到發射位置，並將其升高，以便將 V-2 安裝到發射臺上。

Once the mylar wagon brought the V-2 to the launch site, it was placed on the firing table or habschuss platform.

一旦膠布車將 V-2 運到發射場，它就會被放在發射臺或 habschuss 平臺上。

Although the V-2 could be launched from a permanent platform, it was mostly operated from the firing table.

儘管 V-2 可以從一個永久性平臺上發射，但它大多是在發射臺上操作的。

This was a robust portable structure from which the V-2 could be launched to the skies.

這是一個堅固的便攜式結構，V-2 可以從這裡發射升空。

Constructed from welded steel and weighing 3,600 pounds, the firing table had the necessary strength to support a fully fueled V-2 rocket.

發射臺由焊接鋼材製成，重達 3,600 磅，具有支撐加滿燃料的 V-2 火箭所需的強度。

The table consisted of four adjustable legs that allowed it to be leveled on uneven surfaces.

桌子由四條可調節桌腿組成，可以在不平整的地面上調整水準。

On top of the legs was the support tube with a turning ring and rocket support pads that could hold the V-2 upright.

支腿的頂部是支撐管，上面有一個轉動環和火箭支撐墊，可以將 V-2 直立。

Under the turning ring at the central section of the firing table was a pyramid-like structure called the blast plate or blast deflector.

在點火臺中央部分的轉環下面有一個金字塔形的結構，稱為防爆板或防爆導流板。

Equipped with a hardened steel tip, the blast deflector was sturdy enough to withstand the intense heat and force generated by the rocket.

爆炸導流板配備了堅硬的鋼尖，足以承受火箭產生的高溫和高強度。

Thanks to its shape, the blast deflector dispersed the exhaust gases laterally ensuring that there would be no gas build-ups that could threaten the V-2's balance during take-off.

由於其形狀，爆炸導流板可以橫向分散廢氣，確保在 V-2 起飛時不會有氣體積聚，危及 V-2 的平衡。

Once the rocket was precisely mounted, it would be released from the lifting frame's clamps and turned 90 degrees left with the help of a turning ring.

一旦火箭被精確地安裝好，它就會被從升降架的夾具中釋放出來，並藉助旋轉環向左旋轉 90 度。

The mylar wagon could then be moved in small adjustments.

這樣就可以通過微小的調整來移動膠布車。

With the lifting frame still raised, the crew opened the retractable platforms used to prepare the rocket for launch.

在升空框架仍然升起的情況下，機組人員打開了用於準備火箭發射的可伸縮平臺。

Pinpointing targets 200 miles away was a formidable challenge that V-2 engineers tried to overcome.

精確定位 200 英里外的目標是 V-2 工程師們努力克服的一項艱鉅挑戰。

V-2 launch crews had to rely on specially prepared maps and precise triangulation of the launch position.

V-2 發射人員必須依靠專門繪製的地圖和精確的三角測量來確定發射位置。

Next, the V-2 needed to be fuelled, but before the tanks were filled, the crew performed a dry purge of the tanks with compressed nitrogen to ensure that there were no leaks.

接下來，V-2 需要加註燃料，但在油箱加註之前，工作人員用壓縮氮對油箱進行了幹吹掃，以確保沒有洩漏。

First, the fuel tank was filled, followed by the liquid oxygen and then the remaining tanks two for the steam generator and several small nitrogen tanks.

首先裝滿燃料箱，然後裝滿液氧，再裝滿其餘兩個用於蒸汽發生器的箱體和幾個小型氮氣箱。

While still resting on the firing table, external electrical power would be supplied to the V-2.

當 V-2 仍停留在點火臺上時，外部電力將供應給它。

After fuelling, the ground crew checked again that the V-2 was perfectly vertical and properly oriented.

加完燃料後，地面人員再次檢查了 V-2 的垂直度和正確方向。

Finally, the hatches would be closed, the lifting frame lowered and the mylar wagon moved away from the site.

最後，關閉艙門，放下升降架，將膠布車運離現場。

The firing crew then connected the electrical igniter to the combustion chamber and signalled that the rocket was ready to launch.

隨後，發射人員將電子點火器連接到燃燒室，併發出火箭準備發射的信號。

The troop commander would order everyone to clear the site before he entered the command vehicle where he would give the order to begin the launching procedure.

在進入指揮車之前，部隊指揮官會命令所有人清空場地，然後他將在指揮車內下達開始發射程序的命令。

The pressurised nitrogen forced the hydrogen peroxide and sodium permanganate into a steam generator causing the two mixtures to react and produce high-pressure steam.

加壓氮氣迫使過氧化氫和高錳酸鈉進入蒸汽發生器，使兩種混合物發生反應併產生高壓蒸汽。

That steam powered the turbine inside the turbopump to spin at 3,800 rpm.

蒸汽驅動渦輪泵內的渦輪機以每分鐘 3,800 轉的速度旋轉。

Each second, the turbine pumped 158 pounds of liquid oxygen at a pressure of 17.5 bars into the combustion chamber.

每秒鐘，渦輪機以 17.5 巴的壓力將 158 磅液氧泵入燃燒室。

It also pumped 127 pounds of fuel at a pressure of 23 bars.

它還能以 23 巴的壓力泵送 127 磅的燃料。

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V2 納粹神奇武器的內部構造 (Inside the V2 Nazi Wonder Weapon)

stuff

structure

effective

pressure