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  • Hi, welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.

    嗨!再次歡迎你們來到www.engvid.com.。 我是Adam

  • I have another great lesson for you today based on a request... a few requests actually from our www.engvid.com site.

    今天,我要教你們一堂非常實用的文法課,是來自www.engvid.com.的觀眾所要求的

  • Today we're going to look at collective nouns.

    今天,我們要來看的是集合名詞

  • An example of a collective noun: "staff," "police," "audience," "family."

    像是:「staff(全體職員)」、「police(警察)」、「audience(觀眾)」、「family(家人)」

  • These are nouns that might include individual members or be looked at as a whole unit. Okay?

    這些集合名詞可以把群體看成若單個或視作為一個整體

  • So: "staff" means the total group of employees or it could mean each individual employee.

    所以:「staff」意思是全體員工,也可以指全體員工中的個別員工

  • So, now you're thinking: "Okay, well, good. What's the problem?" The problem is: what verb do you use with these nouns?

    所以,現在,你們可能都在想:「恩,那問題是什麼?」。問題是:「這些集合名詞要用單數動詞還是複數動詞?」

  • Do you use a singular verb or do you use a plural verb? Okay?

    你們要用單數動詞還是複數動詞?

  • So, for example: do you say: "The staff was invited to the BBQ." or do you say: "The staff were invited to the BBQ." ?

    例如:你們會說:「全部員工都被邀請到燒烤聚會(was)」還是你們會說「每位員工都被邀請到燒烤聚會(were)」?

  • I'm afraid I have to tell you there's actually no rule that decides this. What decides this is you.

    我很抱歉的是這個並沒有一個既定規則。就看你們想表達的是什麼

  • What do you want to say? What is your intention?

    你們想要說的是什麼?你們的目的?

  • Do you want to talk about the individuals or do you want to talk about the group?

    你們想講的是群體中的個體還是一個整體?

  • So, for example, look at this sentence: "My staff consists of young and old alike."

    一起來看這個例子:「我全部員工有資深的也有資淺的」

  • "Alike" is basically like "both," both young and old. Now, why am I using the singular?

    「Alike(相像的)」基本上指的是「both(兩方都)」,不管是資深或是資淺的員工。現在,為什麼我這例子用單數動詞(consists of)?

  • Because here, I'm talking about my entire staff, my whole collection of employees. Right?

    因為,在這裡我講的是我的整體員工、全部員工

  • So I'm probably going to use the singular because I'm talking about the one unit.

    所以,這邊我會用單數動詞。因為,我講的是一個整體

  • Here, I could say both; I could say: "My staff," my entire unit of employees

    這裡,有兩個說法,我可以說:「My staff」我全部員工

  • or I could talk about all the individual people who work for me were invited to the BBQ.

    但,我也可以說,我邀請公司裡的每位員工來燒烤聚會

  • So, again, it's more about what you want to intend... What you want to say, what you intend.

    所以,記得,這要看你們想指的是什麼、想表達的是什麼、目的是什麼

  • Sorry, you don't want to intend anything. Okay? Here's another example:

    不好意思,沒有want to intend這種用法。這裡還有另一個例子:

  • "My family are going to be citizens soon." "My family was invited to a wedding."

    「我全家(家裡的每個人)很快都將成為公民(are)」和「我們家(全家人)被邀請去參加一場婚禮(was)」

  • I have a plural, I have the singular; it depends what you want to say.

    我有複數動詞、也有單數動詞。主要就是看你們想表達的是什麼

  • "My family" - means all the members of my family - "are going to be citizens soon."

    「我的家人」-指的是家裡的每一個人-「很快都將成為公民(are)」

  • It makes a bit more sense when you also have the plural here, "are" and "citizens."

    這裡,你們有複數名詞「citizens」,用複數動詞「are」是合乎情理的

  • It sounds a little bit more natural. "My family was invited to the wedding."

    這樣聽起來也比較自然。「我們家(全家人)被邀請去參加一場婚禮(was)」

  • The Smiths, we... My family is the Smiths, so when the invitation came,

    我們是Smiths家。所以,當邀請函來到時

  • the Smiths are cordially invited to attend the wedding of Jack and Jill who last week went up the hill.

    上面寫著很誠摯地邀請Smiths全家人到Jack和Jill的婚禮,他們上週一起爬山(Jack 和 Jill是一首童謠詩歌)

  • I'm not sure if you know this little poem. Anyway, so the same thing goes for "police," "audience," "couple," "faculty."

    我不確定你們知不知道這首小詩。不管怎樣,「police」、「audience」、「couple」、和「faculty」這些集合名詞也是同樣道理

  • Lots of collective nouns. Depends what you want to say.

    很多的集合名詞。看你們想表達的意思

  • Now, usually... And keep in mind: this is also difficult for native English speakers to decide which one.

    通常,要記住的是:這個對英文母語者來說也是很難分辨的

  • Keep in mind that usually in the U.S. and Canada, most people will automatically choose the singular:

    只要記得,通常在美國和加拿大,大多數的人都會毫無疑惑的選用單數動詞

  • "The staff is," "The police is," again, depending on the situation.

    「全體員工is」、「警察is」,不要忘記,看你們想表達的意思

  • In the U.K., they will naturally or usually go for the plural: "The staff are," "The police are."

    在英國,人們通常都會用複數動詞,像是:「全體員工are」、「警察are」

  • Now, again, let's look at: "police." I'll give you two examples.

    我們來看看:「police」。這裡有兩個例子

  • Somebody was bothering my neighbor. Okay? And like they were like making noise.

    一位男子在侵擾我的鄰居,他們發出吵雜聲

  • My neighbour asked the person to leave. The person wouldn't leave, so she called the police.

    我的鄰居要他離開。但,他拒絕。所以,她報警

  • They - the police - they came and removed this person.

    他們-警察-到場帶離男子

  • But, I have to be very careful driving these days because the police is cracking down on texters; people who drive and text.

    但,這幾天,我要非常小心地開車。因為,警察在抓開車傳簡訊的人

  • I don't do that, but I've seen them around. Right?

    我不會做這件事。但,我有注意到這個現象

  • So this... You have to be careful which meaning you want to use.

    所以,你們要注意哪種意思是你們想表達的

  • Sometimes it'll be very natural, like I would only use the singular here because I'm talking about the whole unit.

    這裡,有時候我會很自然地用單數動詞。因為,我講的是一個整體

  • Here, both okay. Do you want to talk about the individuals?

    這裡,單複數動詞都可以。你們想講的是群體中的個體?

  • Do you want to talk about the group, the whole group? Now, if you want to be specific,

    還是你們想講的是一個整體?現在,如果你們想表達得更準確

  • if you very clearly want to show that you're talking about the individuals, add a word: "staff members,"

    像是,如果你們想明確地指出一個群體中的個體,可以加上members或是officers:「staff members」、

  • "family members," "police officers." If you add these words that show the individuals,

    「family members」、和「police officers」。如果你們加上members,指的是群體中的個體

  • you will have absolutely no problem. If I say: "staff members," obviously the verb will be plural because this is now the main subject.

    那你們絕對知道要用什麼樣的動詞。如果我說:「staff members」毋庸自疑就是要用複數動詞。因為,members為主詞

  • And "staff" becomes the adjective, "family" becomes the adjective. Okay?

    「staff」成形容詞,「family」也成了形容詞

  • If I say: "police officers," "police" becomes the adjective, this is my subject,

    那如果我說:「police officers(警察)」,「police」是形容詞,officers則是主詞

  • and I'm going to use a plural verb. If I want to say one person,

    所以,我要用的是複數動詞。如果我想說的是一個人

  • one police officer, then of course I'm going to be talking... using the singular. Okay?

    一位警察。當然,我要用單數動詞

  • So, again, very straightforward. Whatever you intend to do, that's what will help you choose the verb.

    所以,這非常簡單明瞭。不管你們想表達的是什麼,這是能幫助你們選對動詞的好方式

  • But if you're not sure, go to: www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there where you can get a little bit more practice.

    但,如果你們還有任何遲疑,來www.engvid.com看看。那裡會有小測驗,你們可以試看看

  • And, of course, visit my YouTube site, subscribe if you like.

    當然,不要忘記拜訪我的Youtube頻道。如果你們喜歡我的課程,也歡迎訂閱

  • And I'll see you again real soon.

    我們很快會再見面的,謝謝你們的收看

Hi, welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.

嗨!再次歡迎你們來到www.engvid.com.。 我是Adam

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