Name: 【TED-Ed】權力如何形成 - 埃里克·柳 (How to understand power - Eric Liu)
Uploaded: 2014-11-30T12:54:25.000Z
Duration: 7 min 2 s

you move through systems of power that other people made.

你藉由別人訂定的權力系統來活動

Power is something we are often uncomfortable talking about.

權力這件事 通常是我們不想多談

That's especially true in civic life, how we live together in community.

尤其真實在都市生活中 如同在社區一起生活

In a democracy, power is supposed to reside with the people, period.

在民主社會中 權力應該歸屬於人民

Any further talk about power and who really has it

任何深入的討論權力及誰該擁有真正的權力 

看起來有點骯髒 又或著是邪惡的事

But power is no more inherently good or evil than fire or physics.

但其實權力無關善惡 就像和火或物理一樣

It governs how any form of  government works.

權力決定政府的所有工作方式 

It determines who gets to determine the rules of the game.

So learning how power operates is key to being effective,

所以學習權力如何運作是有效率的關鍵

being taken seriously, and not being taken advantage of.

並讓自己被認真對待、不被佔便宜

In this lesson, we'll look at where power comes from,

在這堂課中 我們研究權力從哪裡來

how it's exercised and what you can do to become more powerful in public life.

權力如何運作 以及如何在日常生活中 掌握更多權力

Power is the ability to make others do what you would have them do.

權力就是讓別人去做你想要他們做的事情的能力

Of course, this plays out in  all arenas of life,

當然 這包括了生活中各個領域的事情

from family to the workplace  to our relationships.

從家庭到工作場 甚至是感情關係

where power means getting a community to make the choices

這權力指的是在一個社群中 可以作選擇

There are six main sources of civic power.

First, there's physical force and a capacity for violence.

第一種 有物理上的力量和用暴力的能力

Control of the means of force, whether in the police or a militia,

透過警察或民兵等手段  來進行控制

A second core source  of power is wealth.

Money creates the ability to buy results and to buy almost any other kind of power.

錢能使鬼推磨，能塑造任何事的結局並買通權利

The third form of power is state action, government.

第三種形式的權力 是國家措施 也就是政府

This is the use of law and  bureaucracy to compel people

透過法律以和行政命令來規範人民

哪些是能做 哪些是不能做的事 

In a democracy, for example, we the people, theoretically,

舉例來說 在民主社會 理論上是人民 

give government its power through elections.

In a dictatorship, state power emerges from the threat of force,

而在獨裁政府下 國家權力來自武力的威脅

The fourth type of power is social norms or what other people think is okay.

第四種權力 是社會規範 或是大家認為的善良良俗

Norms don't have the centralized machinery of government.

They operate in a softer way, peer to peer.

以較為鬆散、人對人的方式來運作 

They can certainly make people change behavior and even change laws.

這些規範絕對可以改變人民的行為 甚至改變法律

Think about how norms around marriage equality today are evolving.

看看這些規範如何影響今天的婚姻平權制度

An idea, individual liberties, say, or racial equality,

一個想法 像是個人自由、言論自由或是種族的平等

如果能夠打動夠多人並改變他們的想法和行動

if it motivates enough people to change their thinking and actions.

And so the sixth source of  power is numbers, lots of humans.

所以第六種權力來自數量的優勢 人多勢眾

A vocal mass of people creates power by expressing

Think of the Arab Spring or the rise of the Tea Party.

看看「阿拉伯之春」 或「茶黨」的興起

These are the six main sources of power, what power is.

So now, let's think about how power operates.

現在 我們想想權力是如何運作的

There are three laws of power  worth examining.

權力有三個法則 值得我們去檢視。 

It's always either accumulating or decaying in a civic arena.

So if you aren't taking action, you're being acted upon.

所以 如果你沒有採取行動  你就變成被動

It flows like a current  through everyday life.

它像潮流一樣在我們的日常生活中遊走

Politics is the work of harnessing  that flow in a direction you prefer.

政治讓此潮流往我們所希望的方向運作

Policymaking is an effort to freeze and perpetuate a particular flow of power.

制訂政策則控制著權力是否能完全運作

Power begets more power, and so does powerlessness.

權力可以招來更多的權力  沒權力的人就更沒權力了

The only thing that keeps law number three from leading to a situation

要看我們如何運用法測一及法則二

What rules do we set up so that a few people don't accumulate too much power,

我們要建立什麼規則 去防止少數人擁有太多的權力

and so that they can't enshrine their privilege in policy?

and you can see each of these laws at work in any news story.

你可以在新聞媒體中 看到這三種法則的運作 

Low wage workers organize to get higher pay.

低薪的勞工團結  以得到更高的工資。

Oil companies push to get a big pipeline approved.

Gay and lesbian couples seek the legal right to marry.

男、女同性戀者  尋求合法的結婚權力

Whether you get what you want depends on how adept you are with power,

能否得到你想要的結果 取決於你對權力的熟練度

which brings us finally to what you can do to become more powerful in public life.

同時也延伸出最終問題 當我們獲得更多權力 在社會中你能做什麼

Here, it's useful to think in terms of literacy.

從文化的角度來看 這有幾個有用的觀點

Your challenge is to learn how to read  power and write power.

你面臨的挑戰是學習如何閱讀權力和書寫權力

To read power means to pay attention to as many texts of power as you can.

關讀權力指的是 要盡你所能瞭解越多法規

Don't like how things are in your campus or city or country?

不認同學校中、城市裡或國家中發生的事嗎？

Map out who has what kind of power, arrayed in what systems.

找出是誰 在什麼體系下 擁有什麼權力

who's made it so,  and who wants to keep it so.

誰來制定的？ 誰想要它保持現狀？

Study the strategies others in such situations used:

To write power requires first that you  believe you have the right to write,

書寫權力的第一件事  是要相信你有權力去寫 

As with any kind of writing, you learn to express yourself,

在任何形式的寫作中 學習表達自己

Organize your ideas,  then organize other people.

將你的想法變得有條理 然後管理其他人

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【TED-Ed】權力如何形成 - 埃里克·柳 (How to understand power - Eric Liu)

practice

people

life

force