Name: 世界上隔離程度最高的地鐵為何存在 (Why The World's Most Segregated Metro Exists)
Uploaded: 2025-07-23T16:58:10.000Z
Duration: 24 min 50 s

This is a map that's focused over an urban metropolitan area.

這是一張以大都市區為中心的地圖。

情態副詞

While you've probably never seen this specific area before, it looks like just about any other metro area anywhere else in the world.

雖然您可能從未見過這個特定區域，但它看起來就像世界上其他任何地方的地鐵區域一樣。

分詞構句

With two distinctive urban cores separated from one another by a river that keeps them fewer than 600 meters apart, connected over the river by a bridge.

兩條各具特色的城市中心區被一條河流隔開，相距不到 600 米，河上有一座大橋相連。

But this urban area is probably the most unique and bizarre one that you can find anywhere in the world because of how radically different the culture, architecture, and most of all, people are on either side of this river in the two different urban cores.

但這個城區可能是世界上最獨特、最奇異的城區，因為在這條河流的兩岸，兩個不同城區的文化、建築，最重要的是人，都截然不同。

On the north side of the river live around 241,000 people and an overwhelming 97% of them are all ethnically white or European in origin.

河的北岸居住著約 24.1 萬人，其中絕大多數 97% 都是白人或歐洲人。

While over on the south side of the river live around another 224,000 more people, but 99% of them are ethnically East Asian in origin.

在河的南岸，還居住著 22.4 萬多人，但其中 99% 都是東亞裔。

Creating what is almost certainly the most starkly segregated and ethnically culturally divided major urban area that can be found anywhere on the planet today.

這幾乎可以肯定是當今地球上最明顯的種族隔離和種族文化分裂的大城市地區。

To the north of the river is the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk, while to the south of the river is the Chinese city of Heihe.

江北是俄羅斯城市布拉戈維申斯克，江南是中國城市黑河。

There are a handful of other major urban areas in the world like this that are divided between two different countries.

世界上像這樣被兩個不同國家分割的主要城區屈指可數。

There's Detroit and Windsor divided between the U.S. and Canada, while on the other side of the border there's San Diego and Tijuana and El Paso and Juarez divided between the U.S. and Mexico.

底特律和溫莎分屬美國和加拿大，而在邊境的另一邊，聖地亞哥和蒂華納、埃爾帕索和華雷斯分屬美國和墨西哥。

In Europe, the closest comparison to this would be Copenhagen and Malmo in Denmark and Sweden separated by the Oresund but connected by bridge.

在歐洲，與此最相近的是丹麥和瑞典的哥本哈根和馬爾默，它們被奧勒松海峽隔開，但通過大橋相連。

While in Africa there's Kinshasa and Brazzaville between the DRC and the Republic of the Congo, and on the island of Cyprus, the island's biggest city, Nicosia, is militarily divided between the Republic of Cyprus and the mostly unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

在非洲，剛果民主共和國和剛果共和國之間有金沙薩和布拉柴維爾之分；在塞浦路斯島，島上最大的城市尼科西亞在軍事上分為塞浦路斯共和國和基本未獲承認的北塞普勒斯土耳其共和國。

However, crossing between any of these urban areas from one side to the other does not involve anywhere near as stark of a change in people, culture, history, and architecture as the over the Amir River involves.

然而，在這些城市地區中，從一側穿越到另一側，所涉及的人員、文化、歷史和建築的變化遠沒有跨越阿米爾河所涉及的變化那麼強烈。

The Amir River itself, despite being almost completely unknown in the western world, is the 10th longest river on the planet and runs for longer than the Indus does.

儘管阿米爾河本身在西方世界幾乎完全不為人知，但它卻是地球上第 10 長的河流，流經的時間比印度河還長。

Part of why it's probably so little known in the rest of the world is because for almost its entire length, it runs through some of the most sparsely populated empty land on the planet across the harsh inhospitable frontier between China and Russia.

它之所以在世界其他地方鮮為人知，部分原因可能是它幾乎貫穿了地球上人口最稀少的一些空地，橫跨中國和俄羅斯之間嚴酷荒涼的邊境。

Despite its great length, the only two settlements of any notable size along the Amir while it makes up the international border are Blagoveshchensk and Hayha, immediately opposite of each other.

儘管阿米爾河很長，但在其國際邊界沿線，只有布拉戈維申斯克和哈伊哈這兩個規模較大的定居點緊緊相鄰。

An island of two radically different civilizations facing each other off across the river surrounded by absolutely nothing else, for hundreds of kilometers in every direction.

一個由兩種截然不同的文明組成的島嶼，隔河相望，周圍方圓數百公里內完全沒有任何其他東西。

It is one of the most bizarre borders in the world today, where when you drive across the only bridge between them, the culture immediately and radically shifts from a dated city that wouldn't feel out of place in Eastern Europe, to a more modern, vibrant East Asian Chinese city.

它是當今世界上最奇特的邊界之一，當你驅車駛過兩地之間唯一的一座橋樑時，文化就會立即發生根本性的轉變，從一個在東歐都不會感到突兀的陳舊城市，轉變為一個更加現代化、充滿活力的東亞中國城市。

From an Indo-European language to a Sino-Tibetan language.

From everyone looking like white Islamic people, to everybody looking like East Asian Chinese people.

從每個人看起來都像伊斯蘭白人，到每個人看起來都像東亞中國人。

And to understand how this unique demographic border situation came to be today, you need to understand how this region's unique, bizarre, violent, and little-known history and geography shaped it that way.

要了解今天這種獨特的人口邊界狀況是如何形成的，就必須瞭解這一地區獨特、離奇、暴力和鮮為人知的歷史和地理是如何形成的。

For most of history, the Amir River Valley was always on the remote frontiers of human civilization and was sparsely inhabited.

在歷史上的大部分時間裡，阿米爾河谷一直處於人類文明的邊遠地區，人煙稀少。

The indigenous people who lived in the modern-day area of Blagoveshchensk and Hayha were known as the Duchers.

居住在現代布拉戈維申斯克和哈伊哈地區的原住民被稱為 "杜赫人"。

But they only numbered around 14,000 total people in the 1650s, when the region began simultaneously coming under the influence of the Qing Dynasty in China and the Tsardom of Russia.

但在 16 世紀 50 年代，該地區同時受到中國清朝和俄國沙皇統治的影響時，他們的總人數僅為 14 000 人左右。

Explorers and settlers coming from both empires began clashing with each other at the undefined boundaries of the region.

來自兩個帝國的探險者和定居者開始在該地區未確定的邊界上發生衝突。

But neither side put a great deal of effort into the conflict due to the geographic limitations of the Amir River itself.

但由於阿米爾河本身的地理限制，雙方都沒有在衝突中投入大量精力。

Even though it is the 10th longest river in the world, it forms an incredibly poor navigable link from the interior to the Pacific Ocean.

儘管它是世界上第 10 長的河流，但從內陸到太平洋的通航條件卻極其惡劣。

It freezes over for half of the year, and then even during the other half of the year, when it's flowing, it's chock-full of tiny islands and sandbars that make navigating through it extremely difficult.

一年中有一半時間結冰，即使在另一半時間裡，當水流湍急時，也會出現許多小島和沙洲，使航行變得異常困難。

Nonetheless, small-scale conflict between the Russians and Chinese at the frontiers of their growing empires continued in the region for decades, until they came together to properly define their borders in 1689 with the Treaty of Nershinsk.

儘管如此，中俄兩國在各自日益壯大的帝國邊界上的小規模衝突仍在該地區持續了幾十年，直到 1689 年《尼布楚條約》的簽訂，中俄兩國才正式確定了邊界。

The first treaty between the Russians and Chinese in history that notably gave nearly all of the land in the entire Amir River Valley to the Qing, including modern-day Oshinsk.

這是歷史上第一份中俄之間的條約，將整個阿米爾河流域的幾乎所有土地（包括今天的奧申斯克）都交給了清朝。

This whole area between the Amir and Ussuri rivers in the south and the settled border in the north, all under the Qing's administration, came to be called by them as Outer Manchuria, and it basically remained a sparsely populated backwater of their empire with not much really going on for the next one and a half centuries.

從南邊的阿米爾河和烏蘇里江到北邊的定居邊界之間的整個地區，都在清朝的管理之下，被清朝稱為外滿洲，在接下來的一個半世紀裡，這裡基本上一直是清朝帝國人口稀少的窮鄉僻壤，沒有發生過什麼大事。

However, by the time of the mid-19th century, the Qing empire was beginning to crumble, beset by multiple foundation-shattering crises.

然而，到了 19 世紀中葉，大清帝國在多重動搖根基的危機中開始搖搖欲墜。

Britain's decisive defeat of the Qing during the First Opium War by 1842 led to the Qing being forced into ceding away their control of Hong Kong.

1842 年，英國在第一次鴉片戰爭中大敗清朝，清朝被迫放棄對香港的控制。

While in the 1850s, an enormous rebellion exploded across China that threw the entire country into a catastrophic civil war.

19 世紀 50 年代，中國各地爆發了大規模叛亂，整個國家陷入了一場災難性的內戰。

The 14-year-long Taiping Rebellion, as it would come to be called, would prove to become the bloodiest civil war ever fought in human history, and the biggest conflict of the whole 19th century worldwide, killing around the same number of people as the whole First World War, but all entirely contained just within China, which severely shook the foundations of the Qing state.

長達 14 年的太平天國起義，被稱為人類歷史上最血腥的內戰，也是整個 19 世紀世界範圍內最大規模的衝突，其死亡人數與整個第一次世界大戰的死亡人數相當，但都完全控制在中國境內，嚴重動搖了清朝的國家根基。

As the Qing were distracted by the scale of the rebellion, the British and French attacked the Qing again at the same time in 1856, sparking the Second Opium War.

1856 年，英法兩國再次同時進攻清朝，引發了第二次鴉片戰爭。

And then, smelling blood in the water, the Russians lined up tens of thousands of soldiers along the 1689 Treaty of Nershinsk border, and once it became clear that China was losing against Britain and France, the Russians threatened to invade and trigger a third war for the Qing state to have to worry about.

然後，俄國人嗅到了血腥味，在 1689 年《尼布楚條約》邊界沿線排起了數萬大軍，一旦中國在與英法的對抗中敗下陣來，俄國人就威脅要入侵，引發清國不得不擔心的第三次戰爭。

Without the resources to fight back, the Qing, under enormous duress, signed the 1858 Treaty of Aegon, ceding away all of their land to the north of the Emir River over to Russia.

由於無力反擊，清朝在巨大的壓力下籤訂了 1858 年《伊貢條約》，將埃米爾河以北的所有土地割讓給俄國。

And then two years later in 1860, after the British and French defeated the Qing again, they forced the Qing into ceding away all of their land to the east of the Emir and Yusuri Rivers as well, essentially establishing the modern day border between Russia and China that blocked China off from having any direct access to the Sea of Japan.

兩年後的 1860 年，英法聯軍再次打敗清朝，迫使清朝割讓了額爾齊斯河和由蘇里江以東的所有土地，基本上確立了現代中俄邊界，阻止了中國直接進入日本海。

With these two treaties, the Qing were forced into ceding away more than 600,000 square kilometers of land in outer Manchuria to Russia, an area of land roughly equivalent to Ukraine that included the locations of what would soon become several major Far Eastern Russian cities, like Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, and of course, Blagoveshchensk, which was founded as a Russian city almost immediately as the annexation took place in 1858 at the confluence of the Emir and Zeya Rivers.

通過這兩個條約，清朝被迫將外滿洲 60 多萬平方公里的土地割讓給俄羅斯，這塊土地面積大致相當於烏克蘭，其中包括不久後成為俄羅斯遠東幾個主要城市的地點，如符拉迪沃斯託克、哈巴羅夫斯克，當然還有布拉戈維申斯克。

As the border shifted though, thousands of ethnically Chinese former Qing subjects remained over on the other, now Russian, side of the river.

隨著邊界的轉移，成千上萬的中國前清臣民留在了對岸，也就是現在的俄羅斯。

As the rest of the 19th century progressed, a gold rush in the area led to a surge in settlers from the European side of the Russian Empire that was encouraged by the Tsarist authorities to populate their side of the border with Slavs, which led to Blagoveshchensk population soaring from practically nothing in 1850 to around 40,000 people just by the end of the century, while the Chinese side remained a sparsely populated backwater.

在 19 世紀的餘下時間裡，該地區的淘金熱導致沙皇當局鼓勵俄羅斯帝國歐洲一側的斯拉夫人在其邊境地區定居，這使得布拉戈維申斯克的人口從 1850 年的幾乎為零飆升到本世紀末的約 4 萬人，而中國一側仍然是人煙稀少的窮鄉僻壤。

However, by that time, the growing resentment and anger within China towards the outside imperialist powers who had conquered and carved up their lands was reaching a boiling point.

然而，當時中國國內對征服和瓜分其土地的外部帝國主義列強日益增長的怨恨和憤怒已達到沸點。

By this time, the Russians had forcibly overrun outer Manchuria, the British had forcibly taken over Hong Kong, the French had booted out all Chinese influence from Vietnam, and most recently, the Japanese had forcibly kicked Chinese influence out of Korea and taken over Taiwan.

此時，俄國人已經強行佔領了外滿洲，英國人強行接管了香港，法國人將所有中國勢力趕出了越南，而最近，日本人又強行將中國勢力趕出了北韓，佔領了臺灣。

All of these decades of humiliations and territorial setbacks in China eventually culminated with the explosion of the Boxer Rebellion in Northern China in 1899, an uprising that involved hundreds of thousands of armed and pissed off Chinese peasants who sought to drive foreign influence out of the country and reverse the previous decades of territorial losses, humiliations, and defeats.

1899 年，義和團運動在中國北方爆發，數十萬憤怒的中國農民武裝起義，試圖將外國勢力趕出中國，扭轉過去幾十年的領土損失、屈辱和失敗。

The Boxer Rebellion greatly alarmed the Russians and exacerbated their long-held anxieties over their much smaller population than the Chinese.

義和團運動極大地驚動了俄國人，加劇了他們長期以來對人口遠少於中國人的憂慮。

In the lands, they effectively stole from China only 40 years previously.

在這些土地上，他們實際上是在 40 年前從中國竊取的。

There was always a fear among the Russian settlers in the region that the far more demographically numerous Chinese would eventually come back around to try and reclaim these lands.

該地區的俄羅斯定居者一直擔心，人口數量遠遠超過他們的中國人最終會回來試圖奪回這些土地。

And that anxiety reached a fever pitch over the summer of 1900, when the Boxer militias of the Qing Imperial Army moved north and began attacking Russian communities along the Emir River, culminating with their artillery shelling of Blagoveshchensk itself in July of 1900.

1900 年夏天，清軍義和團民兵北上，開始襲擊埃米爾河沿岸的俄羅斯社區，並於 1900 年 7 月炮轟布拉戈維申斯克，使這種焦慮達到了頂點。

The thousands of ethnically Chinese former Qing subjects within the city at the time still numbered between one-sixth and one-half of the total population, and the local Russian government began viewing them all as a disloyal fifth column in the chaos.

當時，城內成千上萬的中國前清臣民仍佔總人口的六分之一到二分之一，當地的俄國政府開始將他們視為混亂中不忠誠的第五縱隊。

So, on the 3rd of July in 1900, the Russian military governor of Blagoveshchensk issued the order that the city's entire population of ethnically Chinese residents were to be deported over to China.

於是，1900 年 7 月 3 日，布拉戈維申斯克的沙俄軍事長官發佈命令，將該市所有華裔居民驅逐到中國。

But the only way to deport them into China was by pushing them over to the other side of the Emir River.

但把他們驅逐到中國的唯一辦法就是把他們推到埃米爾河對岸。

And the problem at the time was that shipping along the river was non-existent during the conflict, while boats were in extreme short supply as well.

當時的問題是，在衝突期間，沿河航運根本不存在，而船隻也極度短缺。

Unbothered by these details, however, the Russian authorities rounded up all of the thousands of Chinese residents in the city, took them down to the banks of the Emir River, and, at gunpoint, ordered them to swim across the river over to China or be shot.

然而，俄國當局對這些細節並不在意，他們把城裡成千上萬的中國居民集中起來，把他們帶到埃米爾河畔，用槍指著他們，命令他們游到河對岸的中國去，否則就槍斃他們。

What followed was one of the most catastrophic and lesser-known massacres in all of modern history.

隨後發生的是現代史上最災難性、最鮮為人知的大屠殺之一。

Thousands of the city's Chinese residents were driven into the powerful river and drowned during their doomed effort to cross it, while those who refused were shot, bayoneted, or axed to death right then and there on the shore by the Russian police and the Cossacks.

數以千計的中國居民被趕入湍急的河水中，在試圖渡河的過程中被淹死，而那些拒絕渡河的人則被俄國警察和哥薩克人用槍殺、刺刀捅或斧頭砍死在岸邊。

Very few of them managed to successfully make it over to on the other side.

只有極少數人成功抵達了對岸。

And by the end of the whole brutal ordeal, four days later, as many as 5,000 of Blagoveshchensk's ethnically Chinese population had been ruthlessly massacred, resulting in the almost complete ethnic cleansing of the city's entire Chinese community.

四天後，整個殘酷的屠殺結束時，布拉戈維申斯克多達 5 000 名華裔人口被無情屠殺，整個城市的華人社區幾乎遭到了徹底的種族清洗。

This was the incredibly violent incident that established the formerly diverse northern side of the Emir River in Blagoveshchensk as an overwhelmingly Russian, East Slav, white community instead that has persisted to this day.

就是這起令人難以置信的暴力事件，使布拉戈維申斯克市埃米爾河北岸昔日的多元化社區變成了一個俄羅斯人、東斯拉夫人和白人佔絕大多數的社區，並一直延續至今。

The Boxer Rebellion was eventually crushed and then the two communities separated from each other by the Emir River steadily began evolving in almost complete isolation from each other, with the Chinese side still remaining very sparsely populated and the Russian side continuing to grow due to the nearby Gold Rush.

義和團運動最終被鎮壓，隨後被埃米爾河分隔開來的兩個社區開始穩步發展，幾乎完全相互隔絕，中國一側仍然人煙稀少，而俄羅斯一側則因附近的淘金熱而持續發展。

But both Russia and China would soon enter into periods of enormous calamity that would shape demographic trajectories of this region even further.

但是，俄羅斯和中國都將很快進入巨大的災難時期，這將進一步塑造該地區的人口軌跡。

The Qing Empire collapsed shortly after the Boxer Rebellion in 1912, while the Russian Empire collapsed not that much longer afterwards in 1917, leading to huge periods of upheaval and strife in both countries that lasted for decades into the 1940s that saw the population of Blagoveshchensk plummet and the development on either side of the border essentially stalling, freezing the new demographic realities following the ethnic cleansing of 1900 in place.

大清帝國在 1912 年義和團運動後不久就滅亡了，而俄羅斯帝國則在不久之後的 1917 年滅亡了，這導致兩國都經歷了巨大的動盪和紛爭，這種動盪和紛爭持續了幾十年，直到 20 世紀 40 年代，布拉戈維申斯克的人口急劇下降，邊界兩側的發展基本上停滯不前，1900 年種族清洗後新的人口現實凍結在原地。

Eventually, the Soviet Union emerged as a united and stabilized state by 1945, while the People's Republic of China emerged as a mostly united and stabilized state by 1949, beginning a new era of suddenly friendly relations between the world's two largest communist states.

最終，蘇聯在 1945 年成為一個統一和穩定的國家，而中華人民共和國則在 1949 年成為一個基本統一和穩定的國家，世界上最大的兩個共產主義國家之間突然開始了友好關係的新時代。

While the Chinese community in Blagoveshchensk on the Russian side of the border was almost completely annihilated in 1900, there was also a relatively large Russian population that had been established over on the Chinese side of the border as well, with more than a hundred thousand ethnic Russians who lived across Manchuria at the time, who were largely descendants of railway workers and white emigres who had been there for decades.

1900 年，俄羅斯邊境一側布拉戈維申斯克的華人社區幾乎全軍覆沒，但中國邊境一側也有相對較多的俄羅斯人，當時居住在滿洲里各地的俄羅斯族人超過十萬，他們大多是鐵路工人和在當地生活了幾十年的白人移民的後代。

The friendly relations between the Soviet Union and communist China in the 1950s led to the Soviet Union announcing a right of return for all of these Russians in Manchuria in 1954, which led to virtually all of the Manchurian Russians repatriating themselves to the Soviet Union by 1962, similarly solidifying the overwhelming Chinese demographic on the southern side of the Amur River in the process.

20 世紀 50 年代蘇聯與共產主義中國之間的友好關係導致蘇聯於 1954 年宣佈滿洲所有這些俄羅斯人都有返回的權利，這使得幾乎所有滿洲俄羅斯人都在 1962 年之前返回了蘇聯，在此過程中同樣鞏固了阿穆爾河南岸壓倒性的中國人口。

Despite this era of warm relations, however, no bridges or other infrastructure links were ever built across the Amur River connecting China to the Soviet Union over it directly, which limited contact between both sides of the river and continued leading to both sides evolving in separate demographic directions.

儘管在這一時期中蘇關係十分熱絡，但在阿穆爾河上卻沒有修建任何橋樑或其他基礎設施，將中國與蘇聯直接連接起來，這限制了兩岸的聯繫，並繼續導致兩岸人口向各自不同的方向發展。

And as it turned out, this historically unique era of friendly relations between Russia and China was not destined to last for very long, and the two would return back to their historic animosity very quickly.

事實證明，中俄友好關係這一歷史上獨一無二的時代註定不會持續太久，兩國將很快回到歷史上的敵對狀態。

In the 1960s, the Soviet and Chinese relationship rapidly deteriorated over their differing interpretations of Marxism, which led to the border between Blagoveshchensk and China being sealed off in 1960, along with the entire Sino-Soviet border getting sealed off only a couple years later in 1962.

20 世紀 60 年代，中蘇關係因對馬克思主義的不同理解而迅速惡化，導致布拉戈維申斯克與中國之間的邊界於 1960 年被封鎖，幾年後的 1962 年整個中蘇邊界也被封鎖。

A few years later in 1969, hundreds of Chinese and Soviet soldiers were killed fighting against each other over a series of border disputes further downstream the Amur River as Mao Zedong began referring to the 1858 Treaty of Aegon and the 1860 Treaty of Peking as unequal treaties that had resulted from Russian imperialism and colonialism, reviving the same kind of latent anxieties and fears within the Russians over China's demographic superiority in the region and their potential long-term intentions on retaking what had used to be Chinese territory across outer Manchuria.

幾年後的 1969 年，數百名中國和蘇聯阿兵哥在阿穆爾河下游的一系列邊界爭端中相互廝殺，毛澤東開始將 1858 年的《熱河條約》和 1860 年的《北京條約》稱為俄羅斯帝國主義和殖民主義造成的不平等條約，重新喚起了俄羅斯人內心對中國在該地區人口優勢的潛在焦慮和恐懼，以及他們在外滿洲重新奪回曾經是中國領土的潛在長期意圖。

Because of this conflict and the return of these old anxieties, the border between the Soviet Union and China, and by extension between Blagoveshchensk and China, remain completely sealed off and highly militarized for nearly 30 years between 1960 and 1989, once again keeping the two sides of the river hermetically sealed off from one another for political reasons on top of geographic reasons, continuing the century-plus long trend now of the two sides' demographies developing in almost complete isolation despite them being located so nearby to one another.

由於這場衝突和這些舊有焦慮的重現，1960 年至 1989 年的近 30 年間，蘇聯與中國之間的邊界以及布拉戈維申斯克與中國之間的邊界一直處於完全封閉和高度軍事化的狀態，再一次出於地理原因之外的政治原因將河流兩岸封閉起來。

By 1980, China was being led by Deng Xiaoping and he was beginning to lead the country in a different, more open direction.

1980 年，鄧小平上司中國，開始帶領中國走向不同的、更加開放的方向。

As a part of his plan to pave the way toward a broader reopening with the outside world and the Soviet Union, Deng oversaw the founding of the city of Heihe directly opposite Blagoveshchensk in 1980 to encourage development in what had always been a remote frontier region of the country.

作為與外部世界和蘇聯更廣泛地重新開放鋪平道路的計劃的一部分，鄧小平於 1980 年在布拉戈維申斯克正對面建立了黑河市，以鼓勵這個一直是該國偏遠邊疆地區的發展。

By 1989, relations between China and the Soviets had warmed back up enough that the two sides finally agreed to reopen their border again, and Heihe's strategic location as the only built-up urban area along the entire border region on the Chinese side made it an invaluable logistics center for the reopening of Sino-Soviet trade.

到 1989 年，中蘇關係回暖，雙方終於同意重新開放邊境，而黑河作為中方整個邊境地區唯一的城市建成區，其戰略位置使其成為中蘇貿易重新開放的寶貴物流中心。

Following the Soviet Union's collapse only a couple years later in 1991 and the establishment of the new Russian Federation in its place, trade between Blagoveshchensk and Heihe finally began really booming, as Russian merchants began taking advantage of the significantly cheaper goods immediately across the border.

幾年後的 1991 年，蘇聯解體，新的俄羅斯聯邦取而代之，布拉戈維申斯克和黑河之間的貿易終於開始真正繁榮起來，因為俄羅斯商人開始利用邊境對面便宜得多的商品。

A sort of regional economic boom began and Heihe's population finally began surging, growing to more than 110,000 residents by the end of the decade in 2000, compared to around 219,000 residents who were at that time across the river in Blagoveshchensk.

地區經濟開始繁榮，黑河的人口也開始激增，到 2000 年十年期結束時，黑河人口已超過 11 萬，而當時河對岸布拉戈維申斯克的人口約為 21.9 萬。

But there still didn't exist any direct physical infrastructure links between the two cities despite their geographic proximity.

但是，儘管地理位置相近，兩座城市之間仍然沒有任何直接的有形基礎設施連接。

The only ways to get across the river between them were still limited to either taking ferries over the summer or temporary roads built across the ice over the winter, which continued placing limits on the amount of trade and cross-border travel that possible.

兩地之間唯一的渡河方式仍然侷限於夏季乘坐渡船或冬季在冰面上修建臨時公路，這繼續限制了貿易量和跨境旅行的可能。

Russia continued preferring this for now however, acutely aware of their own weakness following the Soviet collapse and still deeply anxious over China's enormous population across the border and potentially latent claims to the outer Manchuria region.

然而，俄羅斯目前仍然傾向於這樣做，因為他們清楚地意識到蘇聯解體後自己的軟弱無力，而且仍然對邊境另一側的中國龐大人口和對外滿洲地區的潛在要求深感焦慮。

The border disputes here along the Amur River that had nearly erupted in war between the Soviets and Chinese in the late 1960s wouldn't end up being settled by treaty all the way until 2004.

20 世紀 60 年代末，中蘇兩國在阿穆爾河沿岸的邊界爭端差點爆發戰爭，直到 2004 年才最終以條約形式解決。

And before and even after that, Russia saw it fit to continue limiting access from China into the Far East by maintaining their geographic defenses along the Amur River without any bridges or other infrastructure built across it.

在此之前，甚至在此之後，俄羅斯都認為有必要繼續限制中國進入遠東地區，他們在阿穆爾河沿岸維持地理防線，沒有在河上修建任何橋樑或其他基礎設施。

Eventually though, things started changing Russia's mind, owing to China's rapid economic growth making it a more valuable trading partner and especially after Russia seized and annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 that led to a deluge of sanctions against them by the Western world.

不過，由於中國經濟的快速增長使其成為更有價值的貿易伙伴，尤其是在 2014 年俄羅斯從烏克蘭手中奪取併吞並克里米亞，導致西方世界對其實施大量制裁之後，情況開始改變俄羅斯的想法。

Beginning the modern era of sharp confrontation between Russia and the West, the Russians began seeing pivoting away from Europe towards China as increasingly within their own national interest.

從俄羅斯與西方尖銳對立的現代開始，俄羅斯人開始認為從歐洲轉向中國越來越符合他們自己的國家利益。

And that paved the way for the two sides to finally agree on building a bridge between Blagoveshchensk and Heha across the Amur River in 2016.

這為雙方最終同意在 2016 年在布拉戈維申斯克和黑河之間建造一座橫跨阿穆爾河的大橋鋪平了道路。

Built over the next four years at a cost of 342 million U.S. dollars and stretching for one kilometer, the first ever bridge connecting the two cities with one another directly year round was finally completed only in early 2020.

在接下來的四年裡，這座耗資 3.42 億美元、綿延一公里的大橋終於在 2020 年初竣工。

But its formal opening was almost immediately delayed because of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic shortly afterwards.

但由於不久後 COVID-19 大流行病的爆發，其正式開放幾乎立即被延後。

Eventually over the summer of 2022, shortly after Russia invaded Ukraine, the bridge was finally open to freight traffic which dramatically reduced the travel distance of trucked Chinese goods to European Russia by around 1500 kilometers.

最終，在 2022 年夏天，也就是俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後不久，這座大橋終於向貨運交通開放，這大大縮短了中國貨物通過卡車運往俄羅斯歐洲的距離，縮短了約 1500 公里。

Further solidifying Heha and Blagoveshchensk's importance to the overall Sino-Russian relationship.

進一步鞏固了黑河和布拉戈維申斯克在整個中俄關系中的重要性。

Roughly 200 freight trucks have been recorded traveling across the bridge every day since then and it was only a few months before I made this video in January of 2025 when the bridge was finally opened up to passenger vehicle traffic as well.

從那時起，每天都有大約 200 輛貨運卡車通過大橋，而就在我拍攝這段視頻的幾個月前，即 2025 年 1 月，大橋終於也向客運車輛開放了。

Finally for the first time in centuries offering a way for the Russian and Chinese citizens on either side of this river to easily travel back forth between both sides year round.

幾個世紀以來，這條河兩岸的俄羅斯和中國公民終於第一次可以全年方便地往返於兩岸。

Over the time period from Heha's founding as a city by the Chinese immediately opposite of Blagoveshchensk in 1980, it has grown far more rapidly than its Russian twin has.

自 1980 年中國人在布拉戈維申斯克對面的黑河建市以來，黑河的發展速度遠遠超過了它的俄羅斯孿生兄弟。

In the early 1990s, Heha only had around 80,000 residents compared to Blagoveshchensk's 205,000.

20 世紀 90 年代初，黑河只有約 8 萬居民，而布拉戈維申斯克有 20.5 萬居民。

By 2024, however, Heha had soared to more than 224,000 residents as Blagoveshchensk had only grown more modestly to about 240,000.

然而，到 2024 年，黑河市的居民人數已飆升至 22.4 萬多人，而布拉戈維申斯克市的居民人數僅小幅增長至約 24 萬人。

Nearly equalizing the two twin cities completely different populations.

幾乎使兩個人口完全不同的雙子城的人口持平。

Heha now looks like a modern dense and vibrant Chinese city full of glowing lights that shimmer off of the Amur River at night.

現在，黑河看起來就像一座密集而充滿活力的現代化中國城市，夜幕降臨時，阿穆爾河上閃爍著璀璨的燈光。

While Blagoveshchensk still appears like it has for decades.

而布拉戈維申斯克仍像幾十年前一樣。

Essentially like any other drab post-Soviet city in Eastern Europe.

與東歐其他單調的後蘇聯城市基本相同。

The scale of this growth over on the Chinese side of the river can be clearly illustrated by these series of showing the border between Blagoveshchensk and China back in 1969 and then the same location from just a few years ago in the 21st century.

1969 年布拉戈維申斯克與中國的邊界，以及 21 世紀短短几年前的同一地點，這兩組照片清楚地說明了中國一側的增長規模。

In a way, the extraordinary growth that has taken place in Heha over the past few decades is a sort of microcosm of Russia's centuries-old anxieties and fears along their entire border with China in the Far East.

從某種程度上說，黑河市過去幾十年來的飛速發展是俄羅斯在遠東與中國接壤的整個邊境地區數百年來焦慮和恐懼的縮影。

Today, the entire enormous region of the Far East in Russia makes up about 40% of the entire country's land and is roughly double the geographic size of India.

如今，整個俄羅斯遠東地區佔全國土地的 40%，面積約為印度的兩倍。

And yet it is all home to fewer than just 8 million people.

然而，這裡的人口還不到 800 萬。