Every purchase brings you closer to a new GM vehicle.

每一次的購買都讓你更有機會得到一台全新的通用汽車。

Climbing mountains, exploring high places and playing music all have something in common, and your body does it naturally.

爬山、探索高處以及玩音樂都有一些共同處，而且你的身體自然而然能夠做到。

Howdy folks, Trace here for DNews.

大家好，我是 DNews 的 Trace。

The human body is amazingly adaptable.

人體的適應能力是很驚人的。

We heal after massive injury, we overcome emotional trauma, and with a bit of training, our bodies can adapt to whatever we throw at them.

我們在嚴重的受傷後得以復原，我們克服情緒上的創傷，並且通過訓練，我們的身體能夠適應任何面臨到的環境。

Mountain climbing is one of the most challenging outdoor activities I've ever attempted.

爬山是我嘗試過最富有挑戰性的戶外活動之一。

And doing some research on it, I've found that it's pretty tough on our bodies too.

在做了一些研究以後，我發現爬山對於我們的身體而言也是非常艱難的。

Firstly, there are no muscles in your fingers or toes. I know!

第一，在你的手指和腳趾上並沒有肌肉，對！

Without them, we can't climb anything, and there are NO muscles in there.

沒有它們，我們沒有辦法爬上任何東西，那裡沒有肌肉！

Your phalanges, or the bones of your fingers and toes, are attached to tendons which pull from muscles in your forearm.

你的趾骨 (或稱為手指骨或腳趾骨) 連接到從你手掌和前臂的肌腱上牽拉著肌肉。

Spread your fingers out like this, see those taught cables stretching through your hand?

像這樣張開你的手指，看到那些沿著你的手伸展突起的線條了嗎？

Those are tendons connected to muscles down here!

那些就是連接到你前臂肌肉的肌腱！

When you rock climb, the muscles build up as expected, and according to a 2006 Journal of Anatomy study, climbers' bones are thicker too!

當你從事攀岩，你的肌肉會增加，如我們預期的一樣；根據一份 2006 年的解剖學研究，登山者的骨骼更厚！

Even those who didn't begin climbing until after skeletal maturity at age 25 had thicker metacarpals and phalanges.

即使是那些超過 25 歲在骨骼成熟以後才開始從事攀登的人，他們的掌骨和指骨也比較厚。

Of course, those thicker bones won't make any difference if the fingers aren't callused.

當然，那些較厚的骨骼如果沒有搭配長繭的手指便沒有作用。

Calluses are a form of skin protection, perhaps you've shaken hands with a construction worker, a climber, or a guitar player…

老繭是一種保護皮膚的機制，你或許曾經和建築工人、登山者，或是吉他手握手。

Remember those rough spots on their hands?

記得那些在他們手上粗糙的地方嗎？

Those calluses are a result of repeated friction of the skin, and are a natural formation to protect the body.

那些老繭就是由於重複摩擦皮膚而來的，也是一種保護身體的自然機制。

The outermost layer of your skin, the stratum corneum, is a layer 25 cells thick of dead skin.

你皮膚最外層的角質層，是一層 25 層厚的死皮。

It serves as a first barrier to UV light, infection and friction.

它是抵禦紫外線、感染、和摩擦的第一道屏障。

When a violinist plays a lot, or an auto worker finger-tightens bumper bolts every day;

當一個小提琴家經常演奏，或是一個汽車工人每天使用手指拴緊保險桿時；

The skin on their fingertips will respond by thickening the stratum corneum to over 100 cells!

指尖上的皮膚會通過使角質層增厚到超過 100 多層做為反應！

So let's say your muscles are built, your fingers get callused, and you get to the top of the mountain you're trying to climb.

所以我們假設你的肌肉增加，手指長繭，而且你到了你想要攀登的山頂上。

Once you're there your brain starts freaking out, and not just a little bit.

一旦你到達了那裡，你的腦袋開始感到驚慌失措，而不只是一點點。

A study in the American Journal of Medicine of 35 climbers who didn't take supplementary oxygen with them, found brain damage in nearly all of the adventurers.

美國醫學雜誌的一項研究顯示， 35 名登山者沒有攜帶補充氧氣，幾乎每一位冒險家都被發現有腦部損傷的情形。

The cause? Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen to the brain, which make sense at altitudes in the study of over 14,000 feet.

原因是什麼呢？在高度的研究當中，超過14000 英呎會有缺氧，或腦部缺氧的情形發生。

A lack of oxygen on a mountain can cause insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headaches.

在山上缺氧會導致失眠、頭昏、疲倦、反胃、嘔吐以及頭痛。

It's called "acute mountain sickness."

通稱為「急性高原反應」。

And though most climbers know this already, what they don't know is this brain damage ain't temporary.

而儘管大部分的登山者已經知道這一點，他們所不知道的是這個損傷並不是暫時性的。

At high altitudes, both professional and amateur climbers know to get acclimated, and some no longer experience acute mountain sickness.

身處高海拔，專業和業餘登山者都知道要適應環境，有些人也不再有不舒服的症狀。

But MRI's of climbers brains still showed brain damage.

但是在磁振造影的檢查當中，登山者的腦部仍然顯示出腦部損傷。

And over time, the damage worsens and though the body is resilient the brain doesn't recover so well.

隨著時間的推移，損傷程度加劇，儘管身體已經恢復，腦部卻不能夠復原得很好。

After years of high-altitude climbing with no supplementary oxygen, the brain damage can screw with VR-spaces in the brain.

經過長年的高海拔攀登，腦部損傷可能會引起腦部血管周圍間隙。

Or the parts that communicate with the lymph system and drain brain fluid.

或與淋巴系統交流並排出腦液的部位的毀壞。

Of course, this can all be avoided, again, by bringing oxygen with you, so… just do that.

當然，這是都是可以藉由攜帶氧氣在身邊去避免的，所以... 就這麼做吧。

Of course, there is one thing that might help you avoid some of these high-altitude brain issues:

當然，有一件事或許能夠幫助你們去避免這些高原症引起的腦部問題。

A fear of heights!

那就是懼高症！

According to Evolutionary Psychologists, fear of heights is what kept our ancestors from getting too close to the edge of a cliff and risking death.

根據進化心理學家，對於高度的恐懼讓我們祖先避免冒著生命的危險去接近懸崖邊緣。

Of course, if it's enough to keep you off a mountain, then it might have blown into something worse than the evolutionary inborn instinct.

當然，如果懼高症足以讓你離開山峰，那麼它可能帶來了比進化本能更糟糕的東西。

Many primates are comfortable in trees, so why do we get a phobia of heights?

許多靈長類動物在樹上都能穿梭自如，所以為什麼我們會有懼高症呢？

Probably something taught by parents or experiences, said scientists.

科學家認為，或許是受父母或過去經驗的影響。

How do you feel about climbing?

你對於攀登的感覺是什麼？

Have you ever wanted to challenge your body by climbing a mountain?

你有想過要藉由登山來挑戰身體嗎？

Get on belay down in the comments!

請留下評論！

The BuyPower Card from Capital One wants to help you get to your next adventure, whatever that may be.

Capital one 的 BuyPower 卡想要幫助你接下來的冒險，無論那是什麼。

By giving you a percentage of every purchase back to earn toward a new Chevrolet, Buick, GMC or Cadillac.

通過你的每筆購買的百分比來賺取一台新的雪佛蘭、別克、GMC 或是 凱迪拉克。

There is no limit on the amount you can earn or redeem toward part or even all of a new vehicle and your earnings never expire.

對於你能夠賺取或者兌換的金額並沒有限制，可以是部分或是一台全新的車，而你的所得永不過期。

Thanks for watching DNews and please subscribe for more videos every day of the week.

感謝觀賞 DNews，也請每週每天訂閱更多的影片。