Name: 雅思閱讀部分 "真"、"假 "未給出策略第 1 部分 (IELTS Reading Section True, False Not Given Strategy Part 1)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T17:48:24.000Z
Duration: 34 min 35 s

Hi, and welcome to AE Helps IELTS Test Preparation videos.

您好，歡迎觀看 AE Helps 雅思備考視頻。

現在進行式

This lesson video and these materials, as well as the skills and strategies that you will learn, are coming from www.aehelp.com.

本課程視頻和這些材料以及您將學到的技能和策略均來自 www.aehelp.com。

For lots more help with the academic IELTS, please visit us there and join the full course.

有關雅思學術類考試的更多幫助，請訪問我們的網站並參加完整課程。

This lesson is going to be about the strategies and skills that you can learn and use for the true, false, not given questions of the IELTS reading section.

本課將介紹雅思閱讀部分的真題、假題和非給定題的應對策略和技巧。

Over the past few months, many of our clients and our viewers have asked us to put together a video that focuses specifically on this question, because many students have difficulty getting the scores that they want for these true, false, not given, or also known as yes, no, not given types of questions.

在過去的幾個月裡，我們的許多客戶和觀眾都要求我們專門針對這個問題製作一段視頻，因為許多學生在回答這些 "真、假、未給出 "或 "是、否、未給出 "類型的問題時，很難得到他們想要的分數。

The yes, no, not given and the true, false, not given questions are basically the same types of questions and the same kind of strategies and skills will apply.

是、否、未給出的問題和真、假、未給出的問題基本上是同一類型的問題，適用的策略和技巧也是一樣的。

So this lesson will focus on just this type of question and the reading example and the material that we will use is, of course, coming from our website.

是以，本節課將重點討論這類問題，我們將使用的閱讀示例和材料當然來自我們的網站。

So to find these types of reading passages and exercises, again, just visit us there, join the full course, or check out our practice tests and so on.

是以，要找到這些類型的閱讀段落和練習，請再次訪問我們的網站，參加完整的課程，或查看我們的練習測試等。

This is true, false, not given, or yes, no, not given.

這是真、假、未給出，或者是、否、未給出。

The very, very first point that you need to keep in mind, and this is actually where most students make their very first big mistake, is with this type of question, you must not read the questions before you read the passage.

你需要牢記的第一點，也是大多數學生犯的第一個大錯誤，就是在做這類題目時，一定不要先讀問題，再讀段落。

So many students learn from schools, from other students, from teachers, that you should just read the questions before you read the passage and then skim and scan for the answers.

很多學生都是從學校、其他同學、老師那裡學習的，所以你應該先讀問題，再讀段落，然後略讀和掃讀，尋找答案。

Again, as we emphasized in many of our previous videos for the reading section of IELTS, if you want to get a score over 6 or 6.5, especially if you want to get into 7, 7.5, there's just no way to do this by skimming and scanning for answers.

同樣，正如我們在之前的許多雅思閱讀部分視頻中所強調的，如果你想得到 6 分或 6.5 分以上，特別是如果你想得到 7 分或 7.5 分，就不能通過略讀和掃讀來獲得答案。

Again, remember, the examiners and the people who create these IELTS exams, so the test designers, they make the test so that it's basically impossible or close to impossible to get a really good score by just skimming and scanning.

同樣，請記住，考官和製作這些雅思考試的人，也就是考試設計者，他們製作的考試基本上不可能或幾乎不可能通過略讀和掃描獲得真正的高分。

If you've heard of somebody getting a high score this way, it's most likely just luck.

如果你聽說過有人通過這種方式獲得高分，那很可能只是運氣好。

And of course, you can't be going into the IELTS exam hoping for luck to be on your side.

當然，您也不能在雅思考試中寄希望於運氣。

So again, remember, skimming and scanning for the reading section does not work if you want to get scores over 6.

是以，請再次記住，如果您想獲得 6 分以上的成績，閱讀部分的略讀和掃讀是行不通的。

If you want to get a score of 5 or less, yeah, it might be okay, but we do not suggest this type of strategy.

如果您想得到 5 分或更低的分數，是的，也許可以，但我們不建議您採取這種策略。

As we explained here in some of the previous lessons, there are some types of questions that you can look at before reading the passage, and there are some types of questions that you must not look at before you read the passage.

正如我們在之前的一些課程中所介紹的，有些類型的問題可以在閱讀文章之前先看，而有些類型的問題則一定不能在閱讀文章之前看。

The easiest way to understand this is it's okay to read questions where all of the information is somewhere in the passage, so it's basically paraphrased in the passage, but all of it is there.

最簡單的理解是，閱讀題中的所有資訊都在段落中的某個地方，所以基本上是段落中的轉述，但所有資訊都在那裡。

A good example of this is complete the summary.

完成摘要就是一個很好的例子。

So complete the summary question, all of the information in the summary, except the blanks of course, are somewhere in the passage.

是以，完成摘要題，摘要中的所有資訊，當然除了空白處，都在文段中的某處。

So that type of question is okay to quickly read or scan before you read the passage.

是以，這類問題可以在閱讀文章之前快速閱讀或掃描。

However, and this is where it's really important for these true, false, not given questions, any type of question in the reading section that contains information which is not in the passage, you should never read this type of question before you read the passage.

但是，對於這些真、假、未給出的問題來說，這一點非常重要，閱讀部分的任何類型的問題，如果包含的資訊不在段落中，那麼在閱讀段落之前，您絕對不應該閱讀這種類型的問題。

If you read a question with false information or not given information, as is very true in this example here, then it will confuse you, and when you actually try to answer the question, then your mind will not be able to distinguish or separate whether the information was actually in the passage, or if it's something that you're remembering from skimming or scanning the question before you read the passage.

如果你在閱讀問題時發現了虛假資訊或沒有給出資訊，就像這個例子中的情況一樣，那麼就會讓你感到困惑，而當你真正嘗試回答問題時，你的大腦就無法分辨或區分這些資訊是真的出現在文段中，還是你在閱讀文段之前通過略讀或掃描問題而記住的。

So again, the number one and most important step here with these true, false, not given questions when you're practicing at home or during the exam is do not read these before you read the passage.

是以，再次強調，在家裡或考試期間練習這些真、假、非給定問題時，最重要的第一步就是不要在閱讀文章之前閱讀這些問題。

So do not read before you read before the passage because it will be confusing.

是以，在閱讀之前不要先讀，因為這樣會造成混亂。

So make sure that you wait to look at the question until you've finished reading the passage.

是以，請確保在讀完段落後再看問題。

It will be much more logical and much more likely that you will get a good score when you do it this way.

這樣做更符合邏輯，也更有可能取得好成績。

The second strategy that we're going to look at is using logic for answering these questions.

我們要研究的第二個策略是使用邏輯來回答這些問題。

So you shouldn't be scanning and skimming for the answers for these yes, no, not given questions for the most part.

是以，對於這些 "是"、"否"、"未給出 "的問題，你不應該一目十行地尋找答案。

So let's say you have five or six yes, no, not given questions.

比如說，你有五六個 "是"、"否 "或 "未給出 "的問題。

You should be able to answer three or four of these questions from the six without having to look at the passage.

您應該能夠從這六個問題中回答出三到四個問題，而無需查看該段落。

If you're looking at the passage for each question or each statement to see if it's true or false or not given, number one, you're using way too much time, and number two, you will likely become very frustrated and you probably won't be answering some of them correctly.

如果你對每道題或每句陳述都要看段落，看它是真的還是假的，或者沒有給出，第一，你會耗費太多時間；第二，你很可能會變得非常沮喪，而且你很可能無法正確回答其中的一些問題。

So again, you should be using other techniques to answer these questions.

是以，您還是應該使用其他技術來回答這些問題。

You shouldn't be searching for each answer.

So use logic to help answer these questions.

是以，請用邏輯來幫助回答這些問題。

So again, we will look at this in a little bit more detail later on in the lesson, but for now, just remember that you will need to use some logic.

是以，我們將在本課的稍後部分再次詳細討論這個問題，但現在只需記住，你需要使用一些邏輯。

Number three is use visualization to help answer these questions.

第三，利用可視化來幫助回答這些問題。

So again, we will look at this in a little bit more detail later on in the lesson, but for now, just remember that you will need to use some logic to help answer these questions.

是以，我們將在本課稍後部分再詳細討論這個問題，但現在只需記住，你需要使用一些邏輯來幫助回答這些問題。

So as I've mentioned in previous lessons, visualizing information that you read is a very important part of good reading comprehension and doing well on the IELTS reading section.

是以，正如我在之前的課程中提到的，將閱讀到的資訊形象化是做好閱讀理解並在雅思閱讀部分取得好成績的一個非常重要的部分。

And of course, paraphrasing is a key way to do well on the exam and it's the key tool that the IELTS test makers use to assess your level of English in all sections of the IELTS, and of course it's true here.

當然，仿寫是在考試中取得好成績的關鍵方法，也是雅思考試製作人用來評估你在雅思考試所有部分的英語水平的關鍵工具，當然在這裡也是如此。

So you're going to see that a lot of the true, false, not given questions are paraphrases.

是以，你會發現很多 "真"、"假"、"不給 "的問題都是轉述。

It's very rare that they actually state the question or the statement close to or the same as what you see in the text.

很少有學生的問題或陳述與課文內容接近或相同。

So most of the answers that you're going to see will be some form of a paraphrase.

是以，你將看到的大多數答案都是某種形式的轉述。

So before we go into more details and before we look at the questions, again, as very importantly for point number one here, the first step is to actually look at the passage and read the passage and only after look at the questions.

是以，在我們討論更多細節和問題之前，同樣非常重要的是，第一步是先實際查看和閱讀段落，然後再看問題。

So let's take a look at the reading passage now that we're going to use as the example, which is seismic shifts, silent drifts, again coming from our website at www.aehelp.com.

讓我們來看看我們現在要用作示例的閱讀段落，它是 "地震的變遷，無聲的漂移"，同樣來自我們的網站 www.aehelp.com。

So let's go ahead and read this passage and then we'll look at the true, false, not given questions and apply some of these strategies in more detail.

是以，讓我們繼續閱讀這段話，然後看看真、假、未給出的問題，並更詳細地應用其中的一些策略。

When looking at the map of the world, it is natural to notice that Africa and South America seem to be able to fit together as if they are two parts of a former whole.

在觀察世界地圖時，我們會很自然地注意到，非洲和南美洲似乎可以合二為一，就好像它們是前一個整體的兩個部分。

It was this insight which led Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius in 1596 to put forward for the first time the idea that at one period, the continents were in different places than they are today.

正是這種洞察力促使佛蘭德製圖師亞伯拉罕-奧特留斯在 1596 年首次提出了這樣的觀點：在某一時期，各大洲所處的位置與今天不同。

It would take over 300 years for the theory to be fully developed and 50 years after that for the mechanism of the phenomena to be discovered.

300 多年後，這一理論才得以充分發展，50 年後，這一現象的機理才被發現。

It was not until 1915 that German geologist Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory, which states that the Earth's crust is made up of many sections that float slowly over the molten mantle and core of the Earth.

直到 1915 年，德國地質學家阿爾弗雷德-魏格納提出了大陸漂移理論，認為地殼是由許多部分組成的，這些部分緩慢地漂浮在熔融的地幔和地核之上。

Wegener argued that in the past, the continents were all stuck together.

魏格納認為，在過去，大陸都是粘在一起的。

He called this supercontinent Pangaea, which is Greek for all Earth.

他把這塊超大陸稱為 "盤古大陸"（Pangaea），希臘語的意思是 "整個地球"。

Wegener hypothesized that approximately 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began to break up and the pieces began to move away from each other.

魏格納假設，大約 2 億年前，這塊超大陸開始碎裂，碎片開始相互遠離。

Initially, Pangaea divided into two parts, named Laurasia and Gondwana.

最初，盤古大陸分為兩部分，分別被命名為勞拉大陸和岡瓦納大陸。

Laurasia consisted of what is today North America, Asia and Europe, whilst Gondwana comprised modern day South America, Africa and Australia.

勞拉大陸包括今天的北美洲、亞洲和歐洲，而岡瓦納大陸包括今天的南美洲、非洲和澳洲。

These supercontinents eventually split apart further, resulting in today's continental configuration.

這些超大陸最終進一步分裂，形成了今天的大陸格局。

It is interesting to note that today's continental alignment is just that.

值得注意的是，今天的大陸走向正是如此。

Millions of years in the future, the Earth's continents will appear very different.

數百萬年後，地球上的大陸將大不相同。

Given enough time, it is possible that the Earth's land masses will return to a Pangaea-like unified state.

只要有足夠的時間，地球上的陸塊就有可能恢復到類似盤古大陸的統一狀態。

The evidence for continental drift is plentiful.

The most common evidence is the discovery of the same type of dinosaurs in extremely different locations.

最常見的證據是在極其不同的地點發現同類恐龍。

The same type of dinosaur fossil will be found in northeastern parts of South America, as well as northwestern parts of Africa.

在南美洲東北部和非洲西北部也會發現同類恐龍化石。

The logical explanation for phenomena such as this is that at one time, these parts of the world were not only connected, but adjacent.

對這種現象的合理解釋是，世界上的這些地方曾經不僅相連，而且相鄰。

The evidence for continental drift was discovered long before an explanation for it was found.

大陸漂移的證據早在找到解釋之前就被發現了。

It was during the 1960s that the theory of plate tectonics was developed.

板塊構造理論是在 20 世紀 60 年代提出的。

This new theory explained fully the nature of the Earth's crust, that it was broken up into many pieces that tended to smack into each other and pull apart from each other.

這一新理論充分解釋了地殼的性質，即地殼被分解成許多碎片，這些碎片往往相互撞擊，又相互拉開。

In extreme cases, such as the Indian subcontinent, a plate's movement can be so severe that it causes massive mountains to be formed when the plates hit another.

在印度次大陸等極端情況下，板塊運動可能非常劇烈，導致板塊撞擊另一板塊時形成巨大的山脈。

This is precisely what has happened over the past millions of years, when the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate, in the process creating the Himalayas, which include the tallest mountain on Earth, Mount Everest.

這正是過去數百萬年來發生的事情，印度板塊與歐亞板塊相撞，在此過程中形成了喜馬拉雅山脈，其中包括地球上最高的山峰--珠穆朗瑪峰。

Plate tectonics are not only responsible for mountains and the movement of the continents, they are also responsible for volcanoes.

板塊構造不僅造成了山脈和大陸的移動，還造成了火山。

Volcanoes usually result from one of the two plate configurations.

火山通常由兩種板塊構造之一造成。

They form in places where the plates are colliding, or where the plates are pulling apart.

它們形成於板塊碰撞或板塊拉開的地方。

In the first case, the plates come together, pushing against each other, causing friction and heat, which allows some of the crust material to melt, resulting in liquid magma.

在第一種情況下，板塊聚集在一起，相互擠壓，產生摩擦和熱量，使部分地殼物質融化，形成液態岩漿。

Because magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, it ends up rising to the surface, where it becomes a volcano.

由於岩漿的密度小於周圍岩石的密度，它最終會上升到地表，在那裡變成火山。

An example of this type of volcano is the famous Mount Vesuvius, which destroyed the city of Pompeii in 79 CE.

著名的維蘇威火山就是這類火山的一個例子，它在公元 79 年摧毀了龐貝城。

The second type of volcano comes from divergent plates.

第二種類型的火山來自於板塊分異。

These types tend to be underwater, as in the mid-oceanic ridges.

這些類型往往位於水下，如大洋中脊。

Volcanic islands, such as Iceland and Hawaii, were formed by underwater volcanic activity, eventually spewing off enough matter to form land above the water.

冰島和夏威夷等火山島是由水下火山活動形成的，最終噴出的物質足以在水面上形成陸地。

Of course, there is one final important result of plate tectonics, earthquakes.

當然，板塊構造的最後一個重要結果就是地震。

Earthquakes are perhaps the most terrifying of all natural disasters.

地震也許是所有自然災害中最可怕的一種。

They happen below the Earth's surface and have devastating results.

它們發生在地球表面以下，會造成破壞性後果。

Earthquakes happen along fault lines, places where two plates are colliding, diverging, or slipping past each other.

地震發生在斷層線上，即兩個板塊相互碰撞、分離或滑動的地方。

In the case where the two plates are attempting to slip past each other, the most devastating earthquakes can occur.

在兩個板塊試圖滑過對方的情況下，會發生最具破壞性的地震。

This is because friction does not allow the plates to pass each other until sufficient energy to counteract the resistance has been built up.

這是因為在積累了足以抵消阻力的能量之前，摩擦力不允許兩板相互通過。

So the two plates rub against each other for centuries or millennia, until one day they finally slip.

就這樣，兩個板塊相互摩擦了幾個世紀或上千年，直到有一天它們終於滑落。

This slip is what results in a sudden catastrophic earthquake.

正是這種滑移導致了突如其來的災難性地震。

If this slip occurs in the ocean, underneath the Earth's surface, it can cause a massive tidal wave, known as a tsunami.

如果這種滑動發生在地球表面下的海洋中，就會引起巨大的潮汐，即海嘯。

If this slip occurs directly beneath a major city, massive destruction will result.

如果這一滑坡發生在大城市的正下方，將會造成大規模的破壞。