Name: 什麼是「恐懼」？人為什麼會感到害怕？ (What is FEAR and why do YOU feel Scared?)
Uploaded: 2025-08-05T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 4 min 51 s

分詞構句

We are having a lovely time watching the clouds go by, making shapes out of them.

我們正享受著看雲朵飄過的美好時光，把它們做成各種形狀。

When yes, all of a sudden, a freaky nun demon jumps out at you.

是的，突然間，一個怪異的修女惡魔跳了出來。

我們都會害怕，都會感到恐懼。

Maybe not like that example, but at different times.

也許不像那個例子，但時間不同。

Seeing a spider, a loud noise or a creak on a floorboard late at night can strike fear suddenly right through our bodies.

看到蜘蛛、深夜裡的一聲巨響或地板上的吱吱聲，都會讓我們的身體突然感到恐懼。

Where does it come from, and why do we even have it?

它從何而來，為什麼我們會擁有它？

The feeling of fear can make your heart race, breath quicken, scream, sweat, pupils dilate, freeze you in place, and can even cause involuntary urination.

恐懼感會讓你心跳加速、呼吸急促、尖叫、出汗、瞳孔放大、僵在原地，甚至會導致不自主排尿。

These are all stress reactions caused by our limbic system, a chain reaction in areas of the brain that work together to control our built-in fight or flight response.

這些都是邊緣系統引起的應激反應，它是大腦區域的連鎖反應，共同控制我們內在的戰鬥或逃跑反應。

We have this built into us to help us react to and survive threats.

我們天生就有這種能力，幫助我們對威脅做出反應並生存下來。

Imagine prehistoric primitive you being confronted by a predator.

想象一下史前的原始人面對掠食者時的情景。

Say the extinct flesh-eating giant Pickle-a-saurus.

比如已經滅絕的食肉巨獸「小恐龍」。

You would see this and your brain would say, "Look, that wants to eat you. Get away from it now to survive."

你看到這個，大腦就會說：「看，它想吃了你。為了生存，現在就遠離它。」

Without feeling fear, you might say, "Hey, Pickle-a-saurus, what's for lunch?" And it would reply, "You," and gobble you up.

如果你不感到害怕，你可能會說：「嘿，小恐龍，午餐吃什麼？」它就會回答：「你」然後把你吃掉。

If not for fear, we would most likely not have survived as a species.

如果沒有恐懼，我們很可能無法作為一個物種存活下來。

Let's have a look how the brain has compartments that communicate.

讓我們來看看大腦是如何進行交流的。

To react to a threat, there are two simultaneous processes going on which decide how we react.

對威脅做出反應。有兩個同時進行的過程決定了我們的反應。

The low road is instinctual and impulsive, reacts now, ask questions later.

低路是本能的和衝動的，先做出反應，然後再問問題。

When a perceived threat happens, whether it's an unexpected sound, motion, or any other sense, the brain says danger, engage fight or flight response now.

當感知到威脅時，無論是突如其來的聲音、動作還是其他感官，大腦都會發出危險的信號，立即做出戰鬥或逃跑反應。

The sensory stimulus is sent into the thalamus, the area of the brain in charge of receiving initial sensory signals and relaying them to the next destination.

感覺刺激被送入丘腦，丘腦是大腦中負責接收初始感覺信號並將其傳遞到下一個目的地的區域。

As the thalamus does not know whether this is real danger, but there is a possibility, it shoots the signal straight to the amygdala, which is the brain's alarm system.

由於丘腦不知道這是否是真正的危險，但存在可能性，是以它將信號直接發送到杏仁核，也就是大腦的警報系統。

The amygdala sends a danger signal to the hypothalamus, also referred to as the lizard brain, which is responsible for synthesizing and secreting hormones.

杏仁核向負責合成和分泌激素的下丘腦（又稱蜥蜴腦）發出危險信號。

It reacts and sends out neurochemicals and hormones including adrenaline into the body,

它會做出反應，向體內釋放包括腎上腺素在內的神經化學物質和荷爾蒙，

increasing things like breathing and heart rate, dilating pupils to maximize further visual information input, and pumping more blood into our muscles, so we are primed to run or fight.

增加呼吸和心跳頻率，放大瞳孔以最大限度地進一步輸入視覺資訊，並向肌肉泵入更多血液，使我們做好奔跑或戰鬥的準備。

The high road takes a slightly longer route.

Considering the scenario before deciding what action to take.

在決定採取什麼行動之前，先考慮情景。

The original stimuli is again sent to the thalamus.

But instead of escalating this to the amygdala, it is sent through to the sensory cortex, which processes and determines meaning from the stimuli.

但是，它並沒有升級到杏仁核，而是被傳送到感覺皮層，由感覺皮層處理刺激並確定其意義。

What exactly did you see, hear, taste, smell, or feel?

你到底看到了什麼、聽到了什麼、嚐到了什麼、聞到了什麼或感受到了什麼？

It sends the gathered information onto the hippocampus, which stores memory for more context and asks whether it has experienced this before.

它將收集到的資訊發送到海馬體，海馬體會存儲更多的背景記憶，並詢問自己以前是否經歷過這種情況。

What did it mean that time and what was the outcome?

It also considers other factors that might help give it context.

此外，它還會考慮其他有助於提供背景資訊的因素，

Is that noise my cat in the other room? Did I leave the TV on? Etc.

那是貓在另一個房間發出的噪音嗎？我是否開著電視？等等。

The hippocampus takes a measured approach and tells the fired-up amygdala whether to shut down and stop sending signals to the hypothalamus or to continue with the fight or flight reaction engaged by the low road.

海馬體會採取審慎的態度，告訴杏仁核是要關閉並停止向下丘腦發送信號，還是要繼續進行低路所引起的戰鬥或逃跑反應。

This is why we feel a momentary rush of terror before calming down in a situation we evaluate to not be dangerous after all.

這就是為什麼當我們評估某種情況並不危險時，在平靜下來之前，我們會感到一時的恐懼。

Lots of people actually seek out fear, enjoying being and feeling scared.

很多人其實是在尋找恐懼，享受被恐懼的感覺。

Watching horror films, playing scary games, or even going on a roller coaster.

看恐怖片、玩恐怖遊戲，甚至是坐雲霄飛車。

When our fight or flight response is triggered, we release chemicals which are similar to that of when we are excited or happy.

當我們的戰鬥或逃跑反應被觸發時，我們會釋放出與興奮或快樂時相似的化學物質。

When we trigger this in what we perceive as a safe environment, it is thought that we can then enjoy being scared, and the chemicals running around our body that are akin to high arousal states.

當我們在自認為安全的環境中觸發這種感覺時，我們就會認為自己可以享受害怕的感覺，身體中的化學物質也會隨之流動，這類似於高度喚醒狀態。

What was the last thing that made you scared or jump?

上一次讓你害怕或跳起來的事情是什麼？

And do you like being scared, or do you hate it?

你剪頭髮了嗎，看起來氣色不錯。