Name: 高迪如何設計聖家堂 (How Gaudí Designed the Sagrada Familia)
Uploaded: 2025-05-27T12:01:26.000Z
Duration: 21 min 46 s

Antoni Gaudí was one of the most important architects of modernity.

安東尼-高迪是現代最重要的建築師之一。

關係子句

He was so innovative in his structural design as well as in his way of conceiving buildings, using techniques that no other architect had ever before used, and making buildings that resemble the characteristics of nature.

他在結構設計和建築構思方面都極具創新性，使用了其他建築師從未使用過的技術，並建造出與自然特徵相似的建築。

Gaudí designed many private and public constructions, most of which are located in the city of Barcelona in Spain, but his biggest work, and probably the most important, was the expiatory temple of the Sagrada Familia.

高迪設計了許多私人和公共建築，其中大部分位於西班牙巴塞羅那市，但他最大的作品，也可能是最重要的作品，是聖家堂神廟。

He worked for more than 40 years in the project, which was commissioned when he was 31 years old, and he would work on it until his death in 1926.

他為該項目工作了 40 多年，該項目是在他 31 歲時啟動的，他一直工作到 1926 年去世。

The Sagrada Familia is still under construction, but here you can see what the completed temple will look like, just as Gaudí intended it.

聖家堂仍在建設中，但在這裡您可以看到建成後的聖家堂，就像高迪所希望的那樣。

The architect joined the project in 1883.

At the time, the only work that had been started was in the columns in the crypt.

當時，唯一開工的是墓室中的柱子。

Gaudí started out with a plan for a gothic revival church, although he gradually incorporated his own innovative building solutions.

高迪最初的計劃是建造一座哥特式復興教堂，但他逐漸融入了自己的創新建築方案。

At a glance, we can see that the building has a pyramidal structure.

一眼望去，我們可以看到這座建築呈金字塔形結構。

With this shape, the architect hoped to suggest the connection between the human and the divine.

建築師希望通過這種形狀來暗示人與神之間的聯繫。

Three of the elevations have towers, while the fourth presents a semicircular shape.

其中三個立面有大廈，第四個立面呈半圓形。

Therefore, the temple has three facades, each dedicated to a key moment in the life of Jesus

是以，聖殿有三個外牆，分別代表耶穌生命中的一個關鍵時刻

His birth, his death, and his eternal life.

The exterior of the building is an authentic bible of stone.

建築的外觀是石頭的真實寫照。

The Sagrada Familia is inspired by the gospels, and it aims to convey the spirit of the Christian faith to people from all over the world.

聖家堂的靈感來源於福音書，旨在向世界各地的人們傳達基督教信仰的精神。

When completed, there will be a total of 18 towers that will create an impressive sensation of verticality.

建成後，這裡將共有 18 座大廈，給人留下深刻的垂直感。

Nine of them have already been completed, four on the east facade and four on the west facade, as well as one at the top of the apse.

其中九個已經完工，四個位於東立面，四個位於西立面，還有一個位於天頂。

The central tower will be the tallest of them all, and it will be dedicated to Jesus Christ.

中央的大廈將是所有大廈中最高的，它將獻給耶穌基督。

Four towers will surround it, honoring the four evangelists.

四座大廈環繞著它，以紀念四位福音傳道者。

The tower on top of the apse is the second tallest, and it is dedicated to Virgin Mary.

尖頂上的大廈是第二高的，供奉的是聖母瑪利亞。

The remaining twelve towers will be dedicated to the twelve apostles, four on each of the three facades.

其餘十二座大廈將獻給十二使徒，三面各四座。

This is the nativity facade, dedicated to the birth of Jesus and his early life.

這是耶穌誕生門面，用於紀念耶穌的誕生及其早期生活。

With this exuberant representation of nature, Gaudí wanted to express the joy of creation at the advent of the Son of God.

高迪希望通過對大自然的生動表現，表達上帝之子降臨時創造的喜悅之情。

If you look closely, you will see that the facade is divided into three triangular portals, each of which is dedicated to a member of the Holy Family, or Sagrada Familia.

如果你仔細觀察，就會發現外牆分為三個三角形的入口，每個入口都供奉著神聖家族（即聖家族）的一位成員。

The one on the left, known as the portal of hope, is dedicated to Saint Joseph.

左側的一座被稱為希望之門，供奉著聖約瑟夫。

On the right we have the portal of faith, dedicated to Virgin Mary.

右側是信仰之門，供奉聖母瑪利亞。

And in the middle is the portal of charity, dedicated to Jesus Christ.

中間是獻給耶穌基督的慈善之門。

If you look up, at the top of the structure you will see a cypress tree.

抬頭仰望，在建築的頂端，你會看到一棵柏樹。

This is a tree of life, a symbol of hospitality and eternity.

這是一棵生命之樹，象徵著熱情好客和永恆。

The white doves on its branches represent the souls that have attained salvation.

樹枝上的白鴿代表著獲得救贖的靈魂。

You can see how the towers have many holes.

Their main purpose is to project the sound of the bells inside.

其主要用途是將鐘聲投射到內部。

Gaudí envisioned the Sagrada Familia as if it were a musical instrument, a huge organ whose music would be heard throughout the city.

高迪將聖家堂想象成一件樂器，一架巨大的管風琴，整個城市都能聽到它的音樂。

On top of the tower, the pinnacles are covered with colorful mosaics, using a technique invented by Gaudí called trencadiz.

在塔頂，塔尖上覆蓋著五顏六色的馬賽克，採用的是高迪發明的一種名為 "trencadiz "的技術。

You can see this technique in most of Gaudí's buildings.

你可以在高迪的大部分建築中看到這種技術。

The pinnacles depict the attributes of a bishop, a miter with a cross, a crozier and a ring.

尖塔上刻有主教的頭像、帶十字架的頭巾、牛角杖和戒指。

The construction surrounding the basilica is the cloister, which serves as a space that communicates the facades, the sacristies and the chapels.

大殿周圍的建築是迴廊，它是溝通外牆、聖器室和小教堂的空間。

This is the only façade that the architect saw completed before dying.

這是建築師生前看到的唯一完工的外牆。

Knowing that it would be impossible for him to finish the project, he wanted this façade to serve as a guide for those who would continue the work after his demise.

他知道自己不可能完成這項工程，是以希望這個外牆能為那些在他去世後繼續工作的人提供指導。

If we get closer we can see all the details and sculptures of the façade.

如果我們走近一些，就能看到外牆的所有細節和雕塑。

Right on top of the column, we find the birth of Jesus, the main theme from which the façade takes its name.

在圓柱的正上方，我們可以看到耶穌誕生的圖案，這也是該立面名稱的由來。

The group reproduces the image of the traditional nativity scene, Jesus, Mary and Joseph with an ox and a donkey.

這組圖案再現了耶穌、馬利亞和約瑟夫與一頭牛和一頭驢的傳統耶穌誕生場景。

To the right we see the shepherds, who have come to adore the child.

在右邊，我們看到牧羊人，他們是來崇拜孩子的。

On the opposite side, the three magi are shown bearing gifts.

反面則是三位帶著禮物的法師。

And above the nativity scene, surrounded by musical angels, is the star that guided them on their journey from the far east.

在耶穌誕生場景的上方，在音樂天使的環繞下，是引導他們從遙遠的東方踏上旅程的那顆星星。

At the bottom of the left portal, there's Mary riding a donkey with Jesus in her arms, and Joseph standing by her side.

在左側入口的底部，馬利亞騎著驢，懷裡抱著耶穌，約瑟夫站在她身邊。

This image represents the Holy Family's flight into Egypt.

這幅畫表現了神聖家族逃亡埃及的情景。

In the opposite side, at the right portal, we find an image of Jesus as he works in his father's workshop.

在對面的右側入口處，我們可以看到耶穌在他父親的作坊裡工作時的形象。

Gaudi worked with real models, people from the neighborhood and even members of his own team to achieve a great realism in these figures.

高迪與真實的模特、附近的居民甚至他自己的團隊成員合作，使這些人物形象達到了極高的逼真度。

He used plaster molds to create his stone statues.

Right in the central portal, there are two turtles supporting the portal columns.

就在中央入口處，有兩隻烏龜支撐著入口的柱子。

The one on the left, which is the side closest to the sea, has fins, and the one on the right, closer to the mountains, is a land turtle, so it has legs instead.

左邊最靠近海的那隻長著鰭，右邊最靠近山的那只是陸龜，所以長著腿。

In Gaudi's original project, this façade had to be polychrome, the archivolts of the three porticos in rich colors.

在高迪最初的設計中，這個立面必須是多色的，三個門廊的拱門都是用豐富的色彩裝飾的。

All the statues would have been painted, human and animal figures, as well as the vegetation.

所有的雕像都是彩繪的，包括人物、動物和植被。

However, up until now, this decoration has not been carried out, for the only color that you see is on the cypress tree.

不過，到目前為止，這種裝飾還沒有進行，因為你看到的唯一顏色是在柏樹上。

The doors are the creation of a Japanese sculptor who has been working on the temple for over 40 years.

這些門是一位日本雕塑家的傑作，他為這座寺廟工作了 40 多年。

The artist also created some of the sculptures that adorn this façade.

這位藝術家還創作了一些裝飾該建築外牆的雕塑。

To make the doors blend in with their surroundings, he filled them with many different species of plants and insects.

為了讓這些門與周圍環境融為一體，他在門上種植了許多不同種類的植物和昆蟲。

It is now time to explore the interior of the temple.

現在是探索寺廟內部的時候了。

Only walking through the doors is an amazing experience, for you are struck with all sorts of sensations and a beautiful play of space, light and color.

僅僅走進大門就是一種奇妙的體驗，因為你會被各種感覺以及空間、光線和色彩的美麗遊戲所震撼。

Something very interesting about this church is that it has no chapels in the aisles as most churches of this size do, and there's also very few statues and images in the interior.

這座教堂非常有趣的一點是，它的過道上沒有像大多數這種規模的教堂那樣的小禮拜堂，內部也很少有雕像和影像。

That's because the protagonist here is the space itself.

因為這裡的主角就是空間本身。

The images and sculptural representations are located on the outside of the temple and they tell the story of the life of Jesus.

這些影像和雕塑位於聖殿外部，講述了耶穌的一生。

The architect designed this interior as if it were a huge forest.

建築師將室內設計成一座巨大的森林。

Nature is an essential influence in the work of Gaudi, so much so that he came to consider it his true master.

大自然對高迪的作品有著至關重要的影響，以至於他將大自然視為自己真正的大師。

That's why all of his buildings are so colorful and they have all these organic shapes as there are no straight lines in nature.

這就是為什麼他所有的建築都是如此色彩斑斕，而且都是有機形狀，因為自然界中沒有直線。

Notice that the columns look like trees and above they spread out like branches reaching up to the ceiling.

請注意，柱子看起來像樹，上面的柱子像樹枝一樣伸展開來，一直延伸到天花板。

This structure is not merely aesthetic, for the branches are actually supporting the vaulted ceiling.

這種結構不僅美觀，因為樹枝實際上支撐著拱形天花板。

This solution allows the building to reach a great height without the need for the exterior reinforcements characteristic of medieval cathedrals.

這種解決方案使建築能夠達到很高的高度，而無需採用中世紀大教堂特有的外部加固措施。

The combination of aesthetics and efficiency is a defining element of Gaudi's structures.

美學與效率的結合是高迪建築的一大特色。

The basilica could be described as a temple of light.

The light pours abundantly through the large windows and the skylights set into the vaults.

充足的光線透過大窗戶和拱頂上的天窗傾瀉而下。

When you look up you can see that the branches blend into the vaults and it seems as though the vaults are the treetops and you can even see glimpses of the sky through the leaves.

抬頭仰望，可以看到樹枝與拱頂融為一體，彷彿拱頂就是樹梢，甚至可以透過樹葉看到天空的一角。

Notice the different colors of the stained glass windows.

Those on the nativity facade, that is the east facade, feature shades of blue and cooler tones in keeping with the morning light.

耶穌誕生正面（即東立面）上的圖案採用了藍色和冷色調，與晨光相呼應。

In contrast, the west facing windows on the other side are warmer.

相比之下，另一側朝西的窗戶則更加溫暖。

These stained glass windows form part of the passion facade.

這些彩色玻璃窗是激情外牆的一部分。

The stained glass windows are work of artist Joan Bilagrau, who followed the guidelines established by Gaudi, and on their surface are written the names of saints and important shrines from all over the world.

彩色玻璃窗是藝術家瓊-比拉格勞（Joan Bilagrau）的作品，他遵循了高迪制定的指導方針，玻璃窗上寫著世界各地聖人和重要聖地的名字。

The tallest and thickest columns in the temple are the four columns in the crossing.

寺廟中最高、最粗的柱子是十字路口的四根柱子。

They are made of porphyry, an extremely hard stone.

它們由斑岩製成，斑岩是一種極其堅硬的石頭。

When the temple is finished, these columns will support the tower of Jesus Christ with a height of 172 meters.

神廟完工後，這些柱子將支撐起 172 米高的耶穌基督塔。

Gaudi wanted the tallest tower to be slightly lower than the nearby mountain of Montjuic.

高迪希望最高的大廈略低於附近的蒙胡伊克山。

He is quoted as saying that the work of man should never surpass the work of God.

有人引用他的話說，人的工作永遠不應超越上帝的工作。

On the upper section of the columns, there are notes with symbols.

Each column is dedicated to one of the four evangelists.

每個專欄介紹四位傳道者中的一位。

The lion is a symbol for Mark, the angel is for Matthew, the bull is a symbol for Luke, and the eagle is for John.

獅子代表馬可，天使代表馬太，公牛代表路加，老鷹代表約翰。

They get their symbols because of the way their gospel starts.

他們之所以能獲得這些符號，是因為他們的福音書是這樣開始的。

As in a real forest, here we find a variety of tree species.

與真正的森林一樣，這裡的樹種也多種多樣。

Notice the subtle differences in color, thickness, and texture of the many columns.

請注意許多柱子在顏色、厚度和紋理上的細微差別。

They are made of various materials, depending on the weight they must support.

它們由不同的材料製成，具體取決於它們必須承受的重量。

As I mentioned, the four red columns in the crossing are made of porphyry and will eventually hold up the tallest and heaviest tower.

正如我所提到的，十字路口的四根紅色柱子由斑岩製成，最終將支撐起最高、最重的大廈。

The dark gray columns are made of basalt, while the light gray columns are granite, and the columns in the aisles are made of sandstone.

深灰色的柱子由玄武岩製成，淺灰色的柱子由花崗岩製成，過道上的柱子由砂岩製成。

Inside the temple, we find further references to the Holy Family.

在神廟裡，我們還能找到更多關於神聖家族的記載。

Just below the crossing on the floor is a mosaic with the initials of Jesus, Mary, and

就在十字架下方的地板上有一塊馬賽克，上面有耶穌、瑪利亞和

Above the door in the nativity façade, there is a sculpture dedicated to Saint Joseph.

在耶穌誕生立面的大門上方，有一座聖約瑟夫雕塑。

And on the opposite side, above the door of the passion façade, is a statue of Virgin

而在對面的激情面大門上方，則是一座聖母雕像。

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高迪如何設計聖家堂 (How Gaudí Designed the Sagrada Familia)

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