Name: Java 模擬面試 | 面向高級 Java 開發人員的面試問題 (Java Mock Interview | Interview Questions for Senior Java Developers)
Uploaded: 2025-05-26T23:15:49.000Z
Duration: 19 min 7 s

We are back with another round of Turing Mock Interview Series.

我們又要開始新一輪圖靈模擬面試系列了。

I'm Tech Leader at Turing and I'm from Montreal, Canada.

我是圖靈的技術主管，來自加拿大蒙特利爾。

And at Turing, I work on hiring the best engineer by helping with the vetting process.

而在圖靈，我的工作就是通過幫助審核流程來聘用最優秀的工程師。

I have more than 17 years of experience and my expertise lies in JavaScript.

我有 17 年以上的工作經驗，我的專長是 JavaScript。

Today, I will be interviewing James for the role of an experienced Java developer.

今天，我將對詹姆斯進行面試，他將擔任一名經驗豐富的 Java 開發人員。

So, I'm doing great, by the way, as well.

So, let's get started this interview, okay?

那麼，我們開始採訪吧，好嗎？

I would like to ask you, please, to tell me a little bit more about your professional background, your professional experience, okay?

我想請您再介紹一下您的專業背景和職業經歷，好嗎？

And what kind of language and framework are you familiar with?

So, I've been working, you know, as a software engineer since 2007.

是以，我從 2007 年起就一直從事軟件工程師的工作。

So, a fair bit of experience across different projects and platforms.

是以，我在不同的項目和平臺上都積累了相當多的經驗。

Mostly, initially, Java and then more recently, mobile development, specifically iOS.

最初主要從事 Java 開發，最近則從事移動開發，特別是 iOS。

But yeah, all kinds of things over the years.

但是，是的，這些年來發生了各種各樣的事情。

I can get more specific if you like, but yeah.

如果你願意，我可以說得更具體一些，不過是的。

So, we have almost the same time, same experience working in Dindouche, okay?

所以，我們在丁杜什工作的時間和經歷幾乎相同，好嗎？

I went to the JavaScript side, you went to the Java side, and that is amazing, right?

我負責 JavaScript 方面，你負責 Java 方面，這很了不起，對吧？

So, could you please tell me a little bit about some exciting projects, okay, Java projects that you have been working on?

那麼，能否請您向我介紹一下您一直在從事的一些令人興奮的項目，好嗎，Java 項目？

So, if we're just looking at the Java stuff, two that come to mind was one of my first projects was for Coca-Cola Africa, and that was quite interesting.

所以，如果我們只看 Java 的東西，我想到的兩個項目是：我的第一個項目是為非洲的可口可樂公司做的，這個項目非常有趣。

So, it was an environmental data tracking website written with struts and JSPs and servlets.

是以，這是一個使用 struts、JSP 和 servlets 編寫的環境數據跟蹤網站。

I don't know if any of these are still used.

我不知道這些設備是否還在使用。

I think technology's changed a bit since then.

我想，從那時起，技術已經發生了一些變化。

But it was very interesting at the time, and it was used by bottling plants all over Africa.

但這在當時非常有趣，非洲各地的裝瓶廠都在使用它。

That was my first job, so it was quite a deep end I was tossed into.

那是我的第一份工作，所以我被扔進了一個深不見底的地方。

Another interesting one was a Java app that ran on a Linux system, which coincidentally, although not the same job, it was quite a few years later, ran on QA machines in bottling plants.

另一個有趣的例子是一個運行在 Linux 系統上的 Java 應用程序，巧合的是，雖然不是同一份工作，但這是幾年後的事，它運行在裝瓶廠的質量保證機器上。

So, the software was used to configure the machines so they could check bottle and can monitor for anything floating in the liquid or that kind of thing, and bottles being chipped or cracked.

是以，軟件被用來配置機器，這樣他們就可以檢查瓶子，監測液體中是否有漂浮物之類的東西，以及瓶子是否有缺口或裂縫。

So, of my Java apps, those two were probably two of the more interesting ones.

是以，在我的 Java 應用程序中，這兩個可能是比較有趣的兩個。

Well, the QA one was the physical devices were made in-house.

質量保證方面的問題是，物理設備是內部製造的。

There's an American company called Filtek, and it was their kind of custom-made hardware, and we had one of them in the office.

有一家美國公司叫 Filtek，這是他們定製的硬件，我們辦公室就有一個。

So, we physically deployed to it over Ethernet, actually, and that was the only way we could test it on a physical device.

是以，我們通過以太網對其進行了物理部署，實際上，這是我們在物理設備上進行測試的唯一方法。

What do you understand about constructors overloading Java and COP constructor?

你對 Java 和 COP 構造函數的重載有何理解？

A constructor is used in conjunction with new to make a new instance of any class in Java.

構造函數與 new 結合使用，可為 Java 中的任何類創建一個新實例。

Every class has one, and if you don't create one, the compiler will create a default constructor for you.

每個類都有一個構造函數，如果您沒有創建，編譯器會為您創建一個默認構造函數。

Constructor overloading works the same way as method overriding, allowing for different constructors of the same class, as long as you provide a unique list of parameters for each.

構造函數重載的工作方式與方法重載相同，只要為每個構造函數提供一個唯一的參數列表，就可以為同一個類提供不同的構造函數。

This could be used to set default parameters, similar functionality from some other languages that support that, or you could just handle your construction differently if different data is available.

這可以用來設置默認參數，類似於其他語言支持的功能，或者如果有不同的數據，也可以用不同的方法來處理構造。

Copy constructors is essentially using a constructor or giving a constructor an instance of the object that the constructor is trying to create a new of, or a new instance of, copying the data from the existing object into the new object to sort of create a clone of it.

複製構造器本質上是使用一個構造器或給構造器一個對象的實例，構造器試圖創建一個新的對象或新的實例，將現有對象中的數據複製到新對象中，從而創建一個克隆對象。

那麼，它會創建一個克隆體，對嗎？

How it works with the garbage collection.

So, if it's a clone, so if you update one, the other one, it's a clone or a reference?

那麼，如果是克隆，那麼如果更新其中一個，另一個是克隆還是引用？

Well, in Java, classes are passed around by reference, and you don't have structs, so you don't have to worry about that kind of thing.

在 Java 中，類是通過引用傳遞的，沒有結構體，所以不用擔心這種問題。

But it's up to you how you handle things in the constructor.

不過，如何在構造函數中處理這些問題，還是取決於你。

So, for instance, if the object that you're copying from has an object as part of its data, and you just set that value.

是以，舉例來說，如果你要複製的對象有一個對象作為其數據的一部分，而你只是設置了這個值。

So, say, for instance, you have a class that has a date, and date is an object, and then you want to make a new instance of your existing class.

例如，你有一個包含日期的類，而日期是一個對象，然後你想為現有的類創建一個新實例。

If you just set the date object on your new instance to be equal to the date object on your old instance, and then you update the date on your old instance, it's going to update the date on your new instance, too, because, as you mentioned, it's an object, and it would be passed by reference.

如果你將新實例中的日期對象設置為等於舊實例中的日期對象，然後更新舊實例中的日期，那麼也會更新新實例中的日期，因為正如你所提到的，這是一個對象，而且是通過引用傳遞的。

So, a better way to handle it in your constructor would be to create a new date object using values from the existing date object on your object that you're copying.

是以，在構造函數中更好的處理方法是使用複製對象上現有日期對象的值創建一個新的日期對象。

So, it's really, the copy constructors put a lot of responsibility on you to make sure that you copy them properly, or you will end up with some unintended behavior.

是以，複製構造函數確實給你帶來了很大的責任，你必須確保正確地複製它們，否則就會出現一些意想不到的行為。

You kind of killed my next question would be.

所以，我很高興你提到了這一點。

那麼，關於 Java 中的異常，好嗎？

那麼，我們如何在 Java 中處理異常呢？

What are, I mean, what are the two types of exceptions, okay?

And what do you understand, okay, by the difference between them?

The two types of exceptions are checked and unchecked exceptions.

異常有兩種類型，即選中異常和未選中異常。

Unchecked exceptions include errors and every other type of exception that extends runtime exception as its base.

未檢查的異常包括錯誤和其他所有以運行時異常為基礎擴展的異常類型。

You'll run into them if you, usually only if you have logical errors, and they will cause the app to crash.

通常只有在出現邏輯錯誤時才會遇到它們，它們會導致應用程序崩潰。

Checked exceptions force you to handle them in code, and your code won't compile if you don't either catch or throw them.

已檢查的異常會強制你在代碼中處理它們，如果你不捕獲或拋出異常，你的代碼將無法編譯。

So, yeah, on compile time, it'll tell you if you aren't handling them properly, and then you'll either have to write a try around them and handle them or throw them from your function.

所以，是的，在編譯時，它會告訴你是否沒有正確處理它們，然後你要麼寫一個圍繞它們的 try 來處理它們，要麼從函數中扔掉它們。

So, how does a final block, okay, differ from a finalized method?

那麼，最終代碼塊與最終方法有什麼不同呢？

最後一個區塊是嘗試的一部分。

It always executes when the try exits, whether you caught an exception or not, and it's generally used to, you know, clean up any code.

無論是否捕獲到異常，它都會在 try 退出時執行，一般用於清理代碼。

Maybe if you were using files or something, the temporary files or anything that you want to delete before leaving that section of code or memory you want to clear or anything like that.

也許如果你正在使用文件或其他東西，在離開那段代碼或內存之前，你想刪除的臨時文件或任何東西，你想清除或類似的東西。

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Java 模擬面試 | 面向高級 Java 開發人員的面試問題 (Java Mock Interview | Interview Questions for Senior Java Developers)

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