Name: 死亡之後】Bruce Greyson 葛瑞森 - 長達五十年的瀕死經驗科學臨床研究 | 早晚會思考的問題 (【死亡之後】Bruce Greyson 葛瑞森 - 長達五十年的瀕死經驗科學臨床研究 | 早晚會思考的問題)
Uploaded: 2025-04-06T01:05:24.000Z
Duration: 10 min 4 s

The vast majority of near-death experiences that we hear are pleasant, if not outright blissful.

我們聽到的絕大多數瀕死體驗都是愉快的，甚至是完全幸福的。

Most near-death experiences say they are more spiritual, but not more religious.

大多數瀕死體驗者都說他們更有靈性，但不是更有宗教信仰。

They insist, it's real, it's happened to me.

他們堅持說，這是真的，就發生在我身上。

They do tell us something about the possibility of surviving bodily death.

它們確實告訴了我們一些關於肉體死亡後存活的可能性。

As a scientist, I knew I had to study this.

作為一名科學家，我知道我必須研究這個問題。

Near-death experiences are profound, subjective experiences that many people have when they come close to death, or sometimes when they are in fact pronounced dead.

瀕死體驗是一種深刻的主觀體驗，許多人在瀕臨死亡時都會有這種體驗，有時他們實際上已經被宣佈死亡。

And they include such difficult-to-explain phenomena as a sense of leaving the physical body, reviewing one's entire life, encountering some other entities that aren't physically present.

它們包括一些難以解釋的現象，比如離開肉體的感覺、回顧自己的一生、遇到一些並不存在的實體。

When I first started looking into near-death experiences back in the late 1970s, I assumed that there would be some physiological explanation for that.

早在 20 世紀 70 年代末，當我第一次開始研究瀕死體驗時，我就假定瀕死體驗會有某種生理解釋。

What I found over the decades was that the various simple explanations we could think of, like lack of oxygen, drugs given to people, and so forth, don't pan out.

幾十年來，我發現我們所能想到的各種簡單解釋，如缺氧、給人服用藥物等，都不成立。

When we first started presenting this material in medical conferences, there would be a polite silence in the audience.

我們剛開始在醫學會議上介紹這些材料時，聽眾席上會出現禮貌性的沉默。

And now, in the 21st century when we do this, it's rare that doctors don't stand up in the audience and say, let me share my experience with you.

而現在，在 21 世紀，當我們這樣做時，很少有醫生不站在觀眾席上說，讓我和你們分享一下我的經驗。

So it's pretty well accepted now that these are common experiences that people have all the time and that have profound effects.

是以，現在人們已經普遍接受，這些都是人們經常會有的經歷，而且會產生深遠的影響。

There's still, of course, a lot of controversy about what causes them, but not about the fact that they exist and are fairly common.

當然，關於它們的成因仍有很多爭議，但它們的存在和相當普遍這一事實並不存在爭議。

As I started my psychiatric training, I started being confronted by patients' reports of things that I couldn't explain.

當我開始接受精神病學培訓時，我開始面對病人報告的一些我無法解釋的事情。

One happened to me when I was just a few weeks into my training.

其中一件就發生在我身上，當時我才開始接受培訓幾個星期。

I was asked to see a patient who had overdosed in the emergency room.

我被要求去急診室看一位吸毒過量的病人。

And I was in the cafeteria when the page came in, and I was eating dinner, and the page startled me, and I dropped my fork, spilling spaghetti sauce on my tie.

那頁紙進來的時候，我正在餐廳吃飯，那頁紙嚇了我一跳，我把叉子掉在地上，意大利麵醬濺到了我的領帶上。

Couldn't wipe it off, so I just covered it over with a lab coat so no one would see it.

擦不掉，我就用白大褂蓋住，不讓人看見。

And then I went down to the emergency room to see the patient, and she was completely unconscious.

然後我去急診室看病人，她完全失去了意識。

But her roommate was waiting to see me down the hall in another room.

但她的室友正在走廊另一頭的房間裡等著見我。

So I went down to the other room, talked to the roommate for about 15 or 20 minutes, and there was no air conditioning back in the 70s, so I unbuttoned my lab coat so I wouldn't sweat so much, exposing the stain for about 10 minutes or so.

於是我走到另一個房間，和室友聊了大約 15 或 20 分鐘，70 年代還沒有空調，所以我解開了白大褂的扣子，這樣就不會出那麼多汗，露出汙漬大約 10 分鐘左右。

When I went to see her in the morning, I introduced myself, and she stopped me and said, I know who you are.

當我早上去見她時，我做了自我介紹，她攔住我說，我知道你是誰。

That puzzled me, so I said something like, well, I'm surprised.

這讓我很困惑，於是我說了一句：嗯，我很驚訝。

I thought you were unconscious when I saw you last night.

昨晚看到你時，我還以為你昏迷了。

She looked at me and said, not in my room.

她看著我說，不要在我的房間裡。

I saw you talking to my roommate down the hall.

我看見你和我的室友在走廊裡說話。

She sensed my confusion and started to tell me about the conversation I had with her roommate, where we were sitting, what we were talking about.

她感覺到了我的困惑，開始告訴我我和她室友的談話內容，我們當時坐在哪裡，在聊些什麼。

And finally, she said, and you had a striped tie-on with a red stain on it.

最後，她說，你有一條條紋領帶，上面有紅色汙漬。

I couldn't think of any logical reason, any explanation for how she could have known about that spaghetti stain.

我想不出任何合乎邏輯的理由，無法解釋她怎麼會知道麵條上的汙漬。

Nobody had seen it except her roommate, and she hadn't talked to her roommate since she came into the hospital.

除了她的室友，沒人見過它，而自從她進了醫院，她就再也沒和室友說過話。

But scientists don't run away from things they don't understand.

但科學家不會逃避他們不瞭解的事物。

I collected about 1,000 cases that people had sent to me about their own near-death experiences.

我收集了大約 1000 個案例，這些案例都是人們寄給我的，講述了他們自己的瀕死經歷。

I quickly realized that the stories I was getting from people who volunteered their stories to me were the same as the ones from people I interviewed in the hospital.

我很快意識到，我從那些主動向我講述故事的人那裡得到的故事，與我在醫院裡採訪的人得到的故事是一樣的。

Most near-death experiences say that in the near-death experience, their senses were incredibly heightened.

大多數瀕死體驗者都說，在瀕死體驗中，他們的感官得到了難以置信的提升。

And they often report hearing sounds they'd never heard on Earth and seeing colors they'd never seen before.

他們經常報告說聽到了在地球上從未聽到過的聲音，看到了從未見過的顏色。

And when they come back, they don't know how to describe these things because there aren't words for them to describe them.

當他們回來時，他們不知道如何描述這些事情，因為他們無法用語言來描述。

One person said to me, it's like trying to draw an odor with a crayon.

有人對我說，這就像用蠟筆畫氣味。

But they talk about their senses being so much more vivid in the NDE, and that gives the experience a sense of being more real than real, more real than this world is.

但他們說，在瀕死體驗中，他們的感官要生動得多，這讓體驗者有一種比真實更真實、比這個世界更真實的感覺。

Most near-death experiences are pretty much the same around the world and through the centuries.

幾個世紀以來，世界各地的大多數瀕死體驗都大同小異。

We've gotten examples of near-death experiences from Western Europe, from the Middle East, from Asian cultures, Hindu-Buddhist cultures, and from early cultures, Australian aborigines and Native American societies, that sound just like the stories we have today.

我們已經從西歐、中東、亞洲文化、印度佛教文化、早期文化、澳洲原住民和美洲土著社會中獲得了瀕死體驗的例子，聽起來就像我們今天的故事一樣。

However, how they describe these phenomena is influenced by their cultural background.

然而，他們如何描述這些現象卻受到其文化背景的影響。

For example, people all around the world will talk about encountering a warm, loving being of light that radiates unconditional love towards them.

例如，世界各地的人們都會談論自己遇到了一個溫暖、充滿愛的光之存在，它向他們散發出無條件的愛。

And if you're talking to someone who is raised in the United States, they may identify this as God or sometimes Jesus.

如果你和在美國長大的人交談，他們可能會認為這是上帝，有時是耶穌。

Whereas someone who is in a Hindu or Buddhist culture will not use those terms.

而印度教或佛教文化中的人不會使用這些術語。

It's natural for people to think that near-death experiences are kind of like dreams or hallucinations.

人們自然會認為瀕死體驗有點像夢境或幻覺。

No two people have the same type of hallucination.

沒有兩個人會產生相同類型的幻覺。

Whereas near-death experiences are basically the same across people, across cultures, across centuries.

而瀕死體驗在不同的人、不同的文化、不同的世紀中基本上都是一樣的。

Near-death experiences often have accurate out-of-body perceptions, whereas dreams and hallucinations do not.

瀕死體驗通常有準確的靈魂出竅感知，而夢境和幻覺則沒有。

And that to me is probably one of the best ways of distinguishing between a dream and a near-death experience.

對我來說，這可能是區分夢境和瀕死體驗的最佳方法之一。

Many near-death experiences report things that other people can't verify right away.

許多瀕死體驗報告了一些其他人無法立即驗證的事情。

So we assume that they were just imagination or fantasy.

是以，我們認為它們只是想象或幻想。

And yet they insist, it's real, it's happened to me, I know it.

但他們堅持說，這是真的，就發生在我身上，我知道。

And that's the way near-death experiences relate to their NDE.

這就是瀕死體驗與他們的 NDE 的關係。

They feel like there's no doubt in my mind, this is a real experience I had.

他們讓我感覺毫無疑問，這就是我的真實經歷。

Most near-death experiences say that they have trouble speaking about it because there just aren't words to describe it.

大多數瀕死體驗者都說，他們難以啟齒，因為無法用言語來描述。

A sense of connectedness to other people, to nature, to the universe, to the divine.

與他人、自然、宇宙和神靈的聯繫感。

And that changes how they see everything.

It makes them much less invested in things of the physical world.

這使得他們對物質世界的投入大大減少。

Experiences almost always say this is the most important thing that's ever happened to me.

經歷過的人幾乎都會說，這是我經歷過的最重要的事情。

And nothing else in my life compares to it.

我生命中的其他一切都無法與之相比。

The most common change we hear from near-death experiences is that they are no longer afraid of death.

我們從瀕死體驗者那裡聽到的最常見的變化是，他們不再害怕死亡。

They describe having existed without their physical bodies.

When their physical bodies were essentially dead and yet they were feeling better than ever.

當他們的肉體基本上已經死亡時，他們卻感覺前所未有的好。

Most near-death experiences say they are more spiritual but not more religious.

大多數瀕死體驗者都說，他們更有靈性，但不是更有宗教信仰。

They tend to look on organized religions as being simplifications of what the spiritual world really is.

他們傾向於把有組織的宗教看成是對精神世界的簡化。

That what's important to them is the interconnections, not the dogma that goes along with it.

對他們來說，重要的是相互聯繫，而不是隨之而來的教條。

And they think that the type of deity they encountered, if they did, is not as limited as the God they were taught about in church.

而且他們認為，即使他們遇到了神，他們所遇到的神的類型也不像他們在教堂裡被教導的神那樣有限。

It's much bigger than that, much more inclusive.

It leads them eventually to the golden rule, which is actually part of every religion we have.

這最終將他們引向金科玉律，而金科玉律實際上是我們所有宗教的一部分。

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

But they feel that this is not for them anymore, a guideline we're supposed to follow, but a law of nature.

但他們覺得，這已經不再是他們的事情，不是我們應該遵守的準則，而是自然法則。

And when I talk with near-death experiences about this, they say that one of the most therapeutic things about the experience was the complete lack of control you have.

當我和瀕死體驗者談論這個問題時，他們說這種體驗最有療效的一點就是你完全無法控制自己。

So much of our lives is spent on trying to maintain control of our lives, which is tremendously anxiety provoking.

我們生活中的很多時間都花在了試圖維持對生活的控制上，這極大地引發了焦慮。

And in a near-death experience, no matter what happens to you, you are totally out of control.

而在瀕死體驗中，無論發生什麼，你都會完全失去控制。

Something else is in control of what's happening to you.

有別的東西在控制著你身上發生的一切。

然而，你卻感覺前所未有的好。

It often helps people deal with their anxieties, certainly their anxiety about death and dying, which often boils over into other areas of being anxious about other things in life as well.

它通常能幫助人們解決焦慮，當然是對死亡和臨終的焦慮，而這種焦慮往往會蔓延到生活中對其他事情的焦慮。

And when they come back, they realize you don't need to be in control all the time.

當他們回來時，他們會意識到你並不需要一直掌控一切。

And that giving up control, stop being so obsessional about being in control, makes life much more enjoyable for you.

而放棄控制，不再執著於掌控，會讓你的生活更加愜意。

Being a psychiatrist, and I've worked with people for about 50 years now, I know how difficult it is to help them make changes in their lives.

作為一名精神科醫生，我已經為人們工作了大約 50 年，我知道幫助他們改變生活有多麼困難。

And here you have an experience that takes place in a matter of seconds, or a fraction of a second, that totally transforms their attitudes, values, and beliefs, and behavior.

在這裡，你可以在幾秒鐘或幾分之一秒的時間內獲得一種體驗，從而徹底改變他們的態度、價值觀、信念和行為。

I think the ultimate question raised by near-death experiences is, what are we as human beings?

我認為瀕死體驗提出的終極問題是：作為人類，我們是什麼？

I think a reason many people find near-death experiences interesting is because they hold up the promise that will explain to us what the soul is, whether there is an afterlife after our bodies decompose.

我認為，很多人覺得瀕死體驗有趣的一個原因是，瀕死體驗有望向我們解釋靈魂是什麼，我們的身體腐爛後是否還有來世。