Name: 思想並不邪惡。教會還是禁止了它們--長達 400 年！ (Thoughts Aren’t Evil. The Church Banned Them Anyway—for 400 Years!)
Uploaded: 2025-04-01T17:38:33.000Z
Duration: 24 min

One of the most harmful concepts of Christianity and religions like it is the idea of thought crime.

基督教和類似宗教最有害的觀念之一就是思想犯罪。

That for each thing we think, we are accountable, responsible, and damnable to a higher power.

對於我們的每一個想法，我們都要向更高的力量負責，承擔責任，並受到詛咒。

情態副詞

And though these higher powers and these hells and these sins themselves do not actually exist, the religions that they belong to do.

雖然這些高級力量、地獄和罪惡本身並不存在，但它們所屬的宗教卻存在。

And so today I want to talk about forbidden thoughts.

所以，今天我想談談禁忌思想。

One that many of us in today's day and age with the internet, the ease of accessibility to information, can't grasp.

在互聯網發達的今天，資訊獲取的便捷性是我們很多人都無法掌握的。

But for over 400 years, that is exactly what the Catholic Church did.

但 400 多年來，天主教會正是這樣做的。

A black list of banned books, banned people, banned ideas, banned knowledge.

禁書、禁人、禁思想、禁知識的黑名單。

This was official church policy from 1559 until, get this, 1966.

從 1559 年到 1966 年，這是教會的官方政策。

And the influence of that list still hovers over much of the religious schools and churches and teaching, etc.

這份名單的影響仍然籠罩著大部分宗教學校、教堂和教學等。

Of course they said it was about protecting souls, but the truth is obvious.

當然，他們說這是為了保護靈魂，但真相顯而易見。

Regardless of your spiritual position right now, the fact that this happened so recently and for so long should be a warning to us all.

無論你現在的精神立場如何，這件事發生得如此之近、如此之久，都應該給我們所有人敲響警鐘。

What kind of ideas are so dangerous that they must be buried?

什麼樣的思想危險到必須被埋葬？

What truths were they so afraid that people would read?

Should the truth even have anything to fear?

What happens when a single institution claims the authority to decide what you get to know?

當一個機構聲稱有權決定你瞭解什麼時，會發生什麼？

And of course, what does it say about that institution and their confidence in their doctrine if they have to be afraid of a book, of an idea, of a thought?

當然，如果他們不得不懼怕一本書、一個想法、一種思想，這又說明了什麼呢？

So this is going to be our focus for today.

是以，這將是我們今天的重點。

We're going to talk about the Index of Forbidden Books.

We'll talk about why the Index was created specifically.

我們將具體談談創建該索引的原因。

We'll talk about what books and thinkers and people were on that list.

我們將討論名單上有哪些書、思想家和人物。

We'll talk about how the Index itself worked, what the penalties were, the censorship, the fear, the control.

我們將討論索引本身是如何運作的，懲罰措施是什麼，審查、恐懼和控制。

We'll talk about the pushback, these wonderful rebels who read anyways.

我們將討論反擊，這些無論如何都要閱讀的優秀叛逆者。

And we'll talk about the legacy, what we lost and what we learned.

我們將討論遺產、我們失去了什麼以及我們學到了什麼。

But first, I just want to talk about why we are talking about this subject today.

但首先，我想談談為什麼我們今天要討論這個話題。

我們可以從過去的歷史中看到很多。

In fact, I've already covered the Library of King Ashurbanipal.

事實上，我已經介紹過阿舒爾巴尼帕國王的圖書館。

I've already covered a bit of the Library of Alexandria or the murder of Hypatia, what happened to Spinoza, etc.

我已經介紹了一些亞歷山大圖書館、希帕提亞被殺、斯賓諾莎的遭遇等。

But it's not just those things in the past.

And specifically, we're giving an example today of a book ban, although there's a lot more to it than that, that really reduces it.

具體來說，我們今天舉了一個禁書令的例子，雖然禁書令的內容遠不止於此，但它確實減少了禁書令。

But it's an information ban in general, censorship.

但總的來說，這是一種資訊禁令，是審查制度。

And it can happen from churches, from school boards, from governments or political ideologues.

這種情況可能發生在教會、學校董事會、政府或政治思想家身上。

It doesn't matter if you are in Florida or Iran.

不管你是在佛羅里達還是伊朗。

Faith versus freedom is a timeless battle here.

在這裡，信仰與自由是一場永恆的鬥爭。

And though this index today was done by Catholicism, we're not really focusing so much on that part.

雖然今天的指數是由天主教編制的，但我們並不太關注這一部分。

It's about the battle against free thought, because free thought leads to rebellion, because rebellion reduces power.

這是在與自由思想作鬥爭，因為自由思想會導致反叛，因為反叛會削弱權力。

And furthermore, when you see the books that were on this list, these are books that shaped our world.

此外，當你看到這份榜單上的書籍時，這些書籍塑造了我們的世界。

Books and ideas and thinkers that without, we would be in a very different place.

如果沒有這些書籍、思想和思想家，我們的境況將截然不同。

And then there's the loss of what could have been.

然後是失去本可以擁有的東西。

How many people didn't write that idea that could have changed the world?

有多少人沒有寫出那個可以改變世界的想法？

How many people actually did write it, and it was suppressed or snuffed out?

有多少人確實寫過，但卻被壓制或扼殺了？

And this isn't to say that every idea that has ever been censored is this amazing, perfect, world-shaping idea.

這並不是說，每一個被審查過的想法都是了不起的、完美的、能改變世界的想法。

The Enlightenment, human rights, science, democracy.

啟蒙運動、人權、科學、民主。

So much of what we now cherish came from these books that were blacklisted.

我們現在所珍視的許多東西都來自這些被列入黑名單的書籍。

This control of knowledge is something that I think we should all be fighting against all the time, because it is truly the first tool of authoritarianism.

這種對知識的控制是我認為我們所有人都應該一直反對的，因為它確實是專制主義的第一個工具。

And again, just so everybody's invited here, that can be religion, nationalism, or political dogma.

再說一遍，請大家注意，這可以是宗教、民族主義，也可以是政治教條。

Why was this particular list that we're talking about today created?

我們今天討論的這份特殊名單是為什麼創建的？

Well, there was a perfect storm going on.

I think this part of history is fascinating, and I want to give you this context.

我認為這段歷史非常精彩，我想給你們介紹一下背景。

A major piece at play here is the Gutenberg Press, which happens in the 1440s.

古騰堡印刷機是其中的一個重要環節，它出現在 14 世紀 40 年代。

Before that, all books were hand-copied, and this was a very slow process.

在此之前，所有書籍都是手抄本，這個過程非常緩慢。

It was also expensive, which made it limited.

而且價格昂貴，使其受到限制。

And the people with the power were the ones with the money who could afford to do this, and thus they could control a great deal of the written word, of the knowledge.

有權力的人就是有錢人，他們有能力這樣做，是以他們可以控制大量的文字和知識。

But after the press, you could have a single work being copied hundreds of times a week.

但在印刷機之後，一件作品每週可能被複制數百次。

With that, literacy began to rise, private libraries became a thing, and knowledge spread beyond the church, which was previously the keeper of knowledge, at this time, in this place.

隨之而來的是，識字率開始上升，私人圖書館成為一種事物，知識的傳播超越了教會，而在這個時代，在這個地方，教會曾是知識的守護者。

Although it's not dissimilar to what we see in other times and places.

儘管這與我們在其他時空看到的情況並無二致。

I mean, in Europe, for almost a thousand years, the Catholic Church had near total control over what the average person could read, or even hear, and thus think, or know.

我的意思是，在歐洲，近千年來，天主教會幾乎完全控制了普通人的閱讀、甚至聽覺，進而思想或知識。

And suddenly, that control was slipping away.

突然間，這種控制力正在消失。

I always think it's funny, just side point here, people tell me all the time, obviously mainly coming from Catholics, when I make some point against Christianity, about their multiple denominations, and what that says, and they're like, No, it's just Protestantism.

我總覺得這很有趣，這裡只是題外話，當我提出一些反對基督教的觀點時，人們總是告訴我，顯然主要來自天主教徒，他們說基督教有多個教派，他們會說，不，這只是新教而已。

Being so powerful in your authority, that you excommunicate and execute anyone and anything that disagrees with you, is not unity.

你的權威如此強大，以至於你將任何與你意見相左的人和事物逐出教會並處死，這不是團結。

Let's jump forward to the next important part here, which is the Reformation.

讓我們跳到下一個重要部分，即宗教改革。

Martin Luther, in 1517, hangs up those 95 theses in Wittenberg.

1517 年，馬丁-路德在維滕貝格掛起了那 95 篇論文。

Again, thanks to the printing press, now this information is being distributed.

同樣，多虧了印刷機，現在這些資訊才得以傳播。

Within weeks, copies are flooding Europe.

Luther's message is that the Church is corrupt, amongst other things.

路德傳達的資訊是，教會是腐朽的，還有其他一些東西。

The result is this Protestant wildfire that spread, and a publishing boom.

結果，新教野火蔓延，出版業蓬勃發展。

To give you an idea, Luther wrote over 60 pamphlets in his lifetime.

路德一生寫了 60 多本小冊子，讓你對他有個大概的瞭解。

We know that over a million copies were circulating in Europe by 1525.

我們知道，到 1525 年，歐洲已經發行了超過一百萬本。

The Catholic Church, Rome, is now facing, for the first time, a major theological challenge by way of a publishing revolution.

羅馬天主教會現在首次面臨出版革命帶來的重大神學挑戰。

So, the printing press, the Reformation, and a third player here is the scientific revolution.

是以，印刷術、宗教改革和第三個參與者就是科學革命。

The scientific method is beginning to emerge.

You have thinkers like Copernicus and Vesalius and Galileo.

你有哥白尼、維薩里和伽利略這樣的思想家。

They begin describing the cosmos in an entirely different way than what was previously thought or known from scripture.

他們開始以一種完全不同於以前的想法或聖經知識的方式來描述宇宙。

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思想並不邪惡。教會還是禁止了它們--長達 400 年！ (Thoughts Aren’t Evil. The Church Banned Them Anyway—for 400 Years!)

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