I know that sounds strange, almost unthinkable.

我知道這聽起來很奇怪，幾乎不可想象。

Text is everywhere around us.

文字在我們身邊無處不在。

We use it hundreds of times every single day.

我們每天都要使用它數百次。

And it's growing into the fabric of our daily lives.

它正逐漸融入我們的日常生活。

But today, I'm going to make the case that humanity's relentless pursuit of better ways to convey ideas and preserve knowledge doesn't end with text.

但今天，我要說明的是，人類對傳達思想和保存知識的更好方式的不懈追求，並沒有止步於文字。

I think we're at the dawn of a new era of AI-enabled communication.

我認為，我們正處於人工智能通信新時代的黎明。

And I think that future generations will slowly replace text with more intuitive forms of communication like audio, video, and eventually immersive technologies.

我認為，未來幾代人將慢慢用音頻、視頻等更直觀的交流方式取代文字，最終實現身臨其境的技術。

And one day, I think we'll look back at reading and writing as historical artifacts, like we do with papyrus scrolls or hieroglyphs or cave paintings.

有一天，我想我們會像對待紙莎草紙卷軸、象形文字或洞穴壁畫一樣，將閱讀和寫作視為歷史文物。

Don't get me wrong, I love reading.

別誤會，我喜歡閱讀。

This is not a personal vendetta against text.

這不是針對文本的個人恩怨。

Some of my fondest memories is walking around to my local library back in Copenhagen, that you see behind me here, picking out all kinds of books, mostly science fiction books, returning home to read them, so I could go back there again and pick out the next set of exciting books to read.

在我最美好的記憶中，我曾在哥本哈根當地的圖書館（就在我身後）走來走去，挑選各種書籍，其中大部分是科幻小說，然後回家閱讀，這樣我就可以再次回到那裡，挑選下一套令人興奮的書籍來閱讀。

I love disappearing into these worlds that were different than the physical world around me.

我喜歡消失在這些不同於我周圍物質世界的世界裡。

And that, of course, only was amplified when I discovered the Internet at around 10 years old, which opened up an entirely new world of ideas, of music, and people.

當然，這只是在我 10 歲左右發現互聯網時才被放大的，互聯網為我打開了一個全新的思想、音樂和人的世界。

The Internet information was free, and I saw firsthand how technology didn't just change the distribution of content, it changed the content in itself.

互聯網資訊是免費的，我親眼看到技術不僅改變了內容的傳播，還改變了內容本身。

The difference between a lively forum and a book is massive, right?

熱鬧的論壇和一本書之間的差別很大，不是嗎？

A blog and a newspaper, and so on.

博客和報紙等等。

In music, which is my big passion outside of work, I saw how software instruments and sampling and drum machines gave birth to entirely new genres that had never been possible before.

音樂是我工作之外的最大愛好，我看到軟件樂器、採樣和鼓機是如何催生出前所未有的全新流派。

Not only that, but all the people around the world making new, exciting music could share it with the world without the middlemen of labels.

不僅如此，全世界所有創作出令人激動的新音樂的人都可以在沒有唱片公司中間人的情況下與全世界分享這些音樂。

The video games I played got connected to the Internet.

我玩的視頻遊戲都能連接到互聯網。

You formed communities with people around the world that you didn't know.

你與世界各地你不認識的人組成了社區。

That's what my parents thought, at least.

至少我父母是這麼認為的。

I started my first business when I was 13 years old in World of Warcraft.

我 13 歲時在《魔獸世界》中開始了我的第一筆生意。

We were 50 people slaying dragons together online.

我們 50 個人一起在網上屠龍。

And I would later learn in life that it's actually not that different than running a startup.

後來我才知道，這其實和經營一家初創公司沒什麼區別。

And those early years of my life sparked a lifelong interest in media and technology, how they change the way that we create, consume, play, and communicate.

早年的經歷激發了我對媒體和技術的終生興趣，以及它們如何改變我們創造、消費、娛樂和交流的方式。

And in 2016, I discovered a research paper called Face to Face by Professor Matthias Niesner and his team.

2016年，我發現了馬蒂亞斯-尼斯納教授和他的團隊撰寫的一篇名為《面對面》的研究論文。

They built a system that using neural networks could produce really, really photorealistic video.

他們建立了一個系統，利用神經網絡可以製作出非常逼真的視頻。

And when I saw this for the first time, I felt like I'd seen magic.

當我第一次看到它時，我感覺自己就像看到了魔法。

And I was convinced that in 10 years, you're going to be able to create a Hollywood film from your bedroom without needing anything else than just your imagination.

我深信，10 年後，你在臥室裡就能創作出一部好萊塢電影，不需要其他任何東西，只需要你的想象力。

That's in three years, and I think that's actually going to hold up.

那是三年後的事了，我認為這還會持續下去。

I couldn't get this idea out of my mind, and eventually I ended up founding Synthesia, an AI video company, along with Matthias and Lourdes and Stefan, my co-founders.

這個想法一直在我腦海中揮之不去，最終我和我的聯合創始人馬蒂亞斯、盧爾德和斯特凡一起創辦了人工智能視頻公司 Synthesia。

And this really was a way to kind of marry my interest in media and technology and sci-fi.

這確實是一種將我對媒體、技術和科幻的興趣結合起來的方式。

We started the company with the vision of making everyone in the world into a Hollywood director.

我們創辦公司的願景是讓世界上每個人都成為好萊塢導演。

And while that's definitely still a very exciting vision, as the years kind of went on, we realized that as exciting as AI-generated Hollywood films is, it's only the tip of the iceberg.

雖然這肯定還是一個非常令人興奮的願景，但隨著時間的推移，我們意識到，人工智能生成的好萊塢電影雖然令人興奮，但這只是冰山一角。

The really exciting potential about these technologies is that they're going to enable every single piece of content from text messages to novels to boring corporate training materials to be brought alive in video and audio.

這些技術真正令人興奮的潛力在於，它們將使從簡訊、小說到枯燥的企業培訓材料等所有內容都能通過視頻和音頻變得生動起來。

But before we talk more about video, let's talk about text.

不過，在進一步討論視頻之前，我們先來談談文字。

Text is the original way of compression for human communication.

文字是人類交流的原始壓縮方式。

We encode our thoughts and knowledge into symbols that can convey meaning across time and space.

我們將思想和知識編碼成符號，這些符號可以跨越時間和空間傳遞意義。

That hasn't always been the case.

情況並非總是如此。

Thousands of years ago, text didn't exist, and the only way we had to share information was orally.

幾千年前，文字還不存在，我們分享資訊的唯一方式就是口頭交流。

In 1500 before Christ, the first alphabet was invented, and it essentially took these very complex writing systems and simplified them into just a few characters laying the groundwork for the modern society that we know today.

公元前 1500 年，人類發明了第一個字母表，它將這些非常複雜的書寫系統簡化為幾個字元，為我們今天所熟知的現代社會奠定了基礎。

In 1440, Gutenberg invented the printing press, and for the first time in history, we could mass-produce written content.

1440 年，古騰堡發明了印刷機，我們有史以來第一次可以批量生產書面內容。

It would take until the mid-20th century before reading became something for the masses and people slowly became literate.

直到 20 世紀中期，閱讀才成為大眾的事情，人們才慢慢識字。

If we fast-forward to today, text is ubiquitous, and it's impossible to live a life without being able to read and write.

快進到今天，文字無處不在，不識字就無法生活。

But as great as text is, it's an imperfect technology.

不過，文字雖好，卻是一種不完美的技術。

It's very efficient, and it's very scalable.

它非常高效，可擴展性也很強。

But it's a very, very lossy method of compressing information.

但這是一種非常、非常有損的信息壓縮方法。

It lacks all the nuance and additional information that we get when we speak to someone in real life.

它缺乏我們在現實生活中與人交談時獲得的所有細微差別和額外資訊。

Your tone of voice, your body language, where you are, all those things matter for that message, right?

你的語氣、你的肢體語言、你所在的位置，所有這些對資訊的傳遞都很重要，對嗎？

Text can be interpreted a million different ways depending on the receiver.

根據接收者的不同，文字可以有無數種不同的解釋。

Is this good news or bad news?

這是好消息還是壞消息？

It's very hard to tell, right?

很難說，對吧？

But we invented emojis to make it a little bit better.

但我們發明了表情符號，讓它變得更好看一點。

But even emojis are not perfect.

但即使是表情符號也並非完美無缺。

People are still debating if this smiley is happy, is it pissed, is it planning to kill you, the debate goes on.

人們還在爭論這個笑臉是否開心，是否生氣，是否打算殺了你，爭論還在繼續。

And if you think about visual communication, this is an image.

如果考慮到視覺傳播，這就是一幅影像。

It took all of you a few seconds to look at this image and understand it, right?

你們都花了幾秒鐘才看懂這幅圖，對嗎？

It's a very intuitive way of consuming information.

這是一種非常直觀的資訊消費方式。

What if I shared this with you instead, a text description of the image?

如果我用圖片的文字描述來代替這個，會怎麼樣呢？

Would it have taken you 30 seconds to read it?

你花 30 秒鐘就能讀完嗎？

The high cognitive load to take those pieces of symbols and turn them into an image in your mind, right?

將這些符號片段轉化為腦海中的影像，這需要很高的認知負荷，對嗎？

And even if I gave you 30 pages of description, you would always imagine a different image than what you are seeing behind me right now.

即使我給你 30 頁的描述，你也總會想象出一個與你現在在我身後看到的不同的畫面。

Once we add a time dimension, as in video, this problem massively compounds.

一旦我們添加了時間維度，比如視頻，這個問題就會大大加劇。

So it's not that strange that since the invention of text, we've been innovating towards richer and more intuitive ways of exchanging information.

是以，自文字發明以來，我們一直在創新，以更豐富、更直觀的方式交流信息，這並不奇怪。

We invented radio, TV, internet, VR, social media, and now AI.

我們發明了廣播、電視、互聯網、VR、社交媒體，現在又發明了人工智能。

In 2024, it's very obvious that people want to watch and listen.

2024 年，人們想要觀看和聆聽的願望非常明顯。

If you look at the digital economy, TikTok is the fastest-growing social network.

縱觀數字經濟，TikTok 是發展最快的社交網絡。

It's also the fastest-growing search engine, which is very interesting.

它也是增長最快的搜索引擎，這一點非常有趣。

Video and audio is everywhere in the apps that we use.

在我們使用的應用程序中，視頻和音頻無處不在。

We send voice notes on WhatsApp.

我們在 WhatsApp 上發送語音筆記。

Now we're on dating apps.

現在我們用約會軟件了

When we shop, we watch product videos.

購物時，我們會觀看產品視頻。

And my thesis is that the more we consume video, the more bored we are by text.

我的論點是，我們對視頻的消費越多，我們對文字就越厭煩。

And I have to say, this is also true for me, even though I love reading.

我不得不說，這對我來說也是如此，儘管我熱愛閱讀。

When I want to learn something new, I usually start on YouTube, on TikTok, listen to a podcast.

當我想學習新知識時，我通常會從 YouTube、TikTok 或聽播客開始。

And only if I'm really, really invested in something, I'll take the hours out of my day to read a 200-page book.

只有當我真的對某件事情非常投入時，我才會抽出時間讀一本 200 頁的書。

It just doesn't feel that much like it's worth it anymore.

只是覺得不再值得了。

And for a lot of you, you probably feel the same.

你們中的很多人可能也有同樣的感受。

Do you want to learn music theory from a long book or from a video on YouTube that has audio?

您是想從一本長長的書中學習樂理知識，還是想從 YouTube 上有音頻的視頻中學習樂理知識？

Do you want to listen to the news on a podcast on the way to work or fold out this physical piece of paper somewhere?

您是想在上班途中通過播客收聽新聞，還是想把這張紙摺疊起來放在某個地方？

Most people feel like this.

大多數人都有這種感覺。

But we all have this guilt.

但我們都有這種負罪感。

I have, at least.

至少我有。

I feel guilty when I watch videos and when I listen to podcasts instead of picking up a good old-fashioned book.

當我看視頻、聽播客而不是拿起一本老式的好書時，我感到內疚。

When you hear the commentary on this, young people are unable to focus anymore.

當你聽到這方面的評論時，年輕人已經無法集中注意力了。

They need constant dopamine hits from cheap content that they scroll through on their social media apps.

他們需要從社交媒體應用程序上滾動瀏覽的廉價內容中不斷獲得多巴胺刺激。

They don't get outside their room anymore.

他們不再走出自己的房間。

Exactly the same thing parents have been saying for 200 years.

這正是家長們 200 年來一直在說的話。

I have a prerogative idea.

我有一個特權想法。

What if we're all just tired of overly dense, slow information?

如果我們只是厭倦了過於密集、緩慢的資訊呢？

Books with too many pages.

書頁太多。

Newspaper articles with filler.

有填充內容的報紙文章。

What if we become much more sensitive to the quality and the conciseness of the content that we consume because we now have infinite choice?

如果因為我們現在有了無限的選擇，我們對所消費內容的品質和簡潔性變得更加敏感，那該怎麼辦？

What if the current generation of kids are able to learn and absorb information much faster because of technology, not despite it?

如果這一代孩子能夠更快地學習和吸收資訊，是因為有了技術，而不是儘管有了技術，那該怎麼辦？

Is the problem us, or is the problem text?

問題出在我們身上，還是出在文本上？

We still read a lot, right?

我們還是讀了很多書，對嗎？

We just read from many different sources every single day, not just a book and a newspaper.

我們只是每天從不同的管道閱讀，而不僅僅是一本書和一份報紙。

We read our messaging apps and our social media networks and our blog.

我們閱讀資訊應用程序、社交媒體網絡和博客。

We listen to long-form podcasts.

我們收聽長篇播客。

It's very growing, right?

它在不斷成長，對嗎？

But we still have this idea that books are morally superior in some sense.

但我們仍然認為，書籍在某種意義上具有道德優越性。

And even though I'm giving you this talk, I still very much feel it.

雖然我在給你們講這些，但我仍然非常有感觸。

I don't know why that is.

我不知道這是為什麼。

I'll let someone else do the research on that.

這個問題還是讓別人去研究吧。

But it's definitely very interesting how we psychologically attribute more value to the written word.

但我們在心理上如何賦予書面文字更多價值，這無疑非常有趣。

So why is so much information still text if we really prefer video?

那麼，如果我們真的更喜歡視頻，為什麼還有這麼多資訊仍然是文字呢？

It's pretty simple.

其實很簡單。

The answer is cost.

答案是成本。

Cost in time and cost in money.

時間成本和金錢成本。

Today, we have to pick between the speed and scale of text or the accuracy and engagement of video content.

如今，我們必須在文字內容的速度和規模與視頻內容的準確性和參與度之間做出選擇。

And so there's this underlying economic incentive where only the content and the ideas and the knowledge we deem important enough gets converted into video and audio formats.

是以，只有我們認為足夠重要的內容、觀點和知識才會被轉換成視頻和音頻格式，這就是潛在的經濟激勵機制。

And so in the entertainment industry, this means that we get Fast and the Furious 278 rather than avant-garde cinema from film students.

是以，在娛樂業，這意味著我們得到的是《速度與激情 278》，而不是來自電影專業學生的前衛電影。

In the corporate world, this means that the Super Bowl ad is a video, but the fire safety video is a long, boring document.

在企業界，這意味著 "超級碗 "廣告是一個視頻，但消防安全視頻卻是一個冗長、枯燥的文件。

And this is about to change in a big, big way.

而這種情況即將發生巨大的變化。

AI will change that equation completely.

人工智能將徹底改變這一等式。

With AI, we can get both speed, scale, accuracy, and engagement.

有了人工智能，我們可以同時獲得速度、規模、準確性和參與度。

AI can create highly photorealistic content digitally.

人工智能能以數字方式創建高度逼真的內容。

Computers can learn what the world looks like and they can replicate it and remix it in amazing details.

計算機可以瞭解世界的模樣，並能複製和重新混合出令人驚歎的細節。

This is going to usher in a new wave of creativity.

這將帶來新一輪的創意浪潮。

And it's not going to be driven by Hollywood.

而且，這也不會由好萊塢來推動。

It's going to be driven by YouTubers and young people with great ideas who take these tools and tell amazing stories.

這將由 YouTuber 和有偉大想法的年輕人推動，他們將利用這些工具講述精彩的故事。

At Synthesia, we focus on AI avatars, digital humans that sound and look like us.

在 Synthesia，我們專注於研究人工智能化身，即聲音和外貌與我們相似的數字人類。

They can even be us if you make a clone of yourself.

如果你複製了一個自己，他們甚至可以成為我們。

Today, our avatars already interact with millions of people every single day.

如今，我們的化身每天已經與數百萬人互動。

They teach school subjects, they onboard restaurant workers, provide health guidance, and sell products in more than 130 different languages.

他們用 130 多種不同的語言教授學校課程、為餐廳員工提供上崗培訓、提供健康指導以及銷售產品。

And they're getting really good.

他們的表現越來越好。

Very soon, they'll be very difficult to distinguish from reality.

很快，它們就很難與現實區分開來了。

Hello, I'm Alex, a personal avatar.

大家好，我是亞歷克斯，個人頭像。

I am so excited and happy to be here.

能來到這裡，我感到非常激動和高興。

Can you see how expressive I look and hear how natural I sound?

你能看到我的表情有多豐富，聽到我的聲音有多自然嗎？

Isn't it great?

很棒吧？

Bye for now, hope to see you soon.

再見，希望很快能見到你。

This video is entirely AI generated.

本視頻完全由人工智能生成。

I'm Alex.

我是亞歷克斯

They still don't know when to stop speaking.

他們仍然不知道什麼時候該停止說話。

So with these technologies, we can create anything without the need for cameras.

是以，有了這些技術，我們可以在不需要攝像頭的情況下創造任何東西。

We can bring our imaginations to life without the traditional barriers of skill and cost.

我們可以將自己的想象變為現實，而不受傳統技術和成本的限制。

But what's more exciting about all these new technologies is that they're going to make it extremely easy for anyone to create content.

但所有這些新技術更令人興奮的是，它們將使任何人都能非常容易地創建內容。

We've already seen how keyboards and computers turned all of us into writers.

我們已經看到鍵盤和電腦是如何將我們所有人變成作家的。

We've seen how PowerPoint turned all of us into designers.

我們已經看到 PowerPoint 如何把我們所有人都變成了設計師。

And with AI, everyone is going to be able to be a director producing Hollywood-grade video without needing any training at all, like you can see here behind me.

有了人工智能，每個人都能成為製作好萊塢級視頻的導演，根本不需要任何培訓，就像你在我身後看到的那樣。

At Zendida, we've already turned more than a million people into video creators.

在 Zendida，我們已經讓 100 多萬人成為視頻創作者。

And it's really fun to see all the things people make videos about, but they don't have to ask their boss because they can just log on and make the videos themselves.

看到人們製作視頻的所有內容真的很有趣，但他們不必問老闆，因為他們可以自己登錄並製作視頻。

Why do people make videos?

人們為什麼要製作視頻？

It's not a very well-researched area yet, but we've been working with UCL in London to figure out how do we learn differently with video and AI video versus text.

這還不是一個研究得很透徹的領域，但我們一直在與倫敦大學洛杉磯分校合作，研究視頻和人工智能視頻與文字相比，我們的學習方式有何不同。

We did a study with 400 participants.

我們對 400 名參與者進行了研究。

It's still ongoing.

目前仍在進行中。

We plan to publish the results sometime next year, but there's some really interesting initial findings.

我們計劃在明年的某個時候公佈結果，但我們已經有了一些非常有趣的初步發現。

When you just ask people, do you prefer to learn with AI video or text, the results are pretty astonishing. 77% of people prefer to learn through text.

當你問人們 "你更喜歡通過人工智能視頻還是文字來學習 "時，結果令人大吃一驚。77%的人更喜歡通過文本學習。

I'm sorry, through video.

對不起，是通過視頻。

So faster and easier content creation will be transformative.

是以，更快、更便捷地創建內容將帶來變革。

But with new technologies, we always invent new media formats.

但有了新技術，我們總能發明新的媒體形式。

And right now, most AI-generated content is what I call a bridge genre.

而現在，大多數人工智能生成的內容都是我所說的橋樑類型。

We're using it to create old formats with new technologies.

我們正在用新技術創造舊格式。

Just like the first newspapers, sorry, the first websites look like newspapers on a screen, AI videos today are linear.

就像最早的報紙，對不起，最早的網站就像螢幕上的報紙一樣，如今的人工智能視頻也是線性的。

They have a beginning and an end.

它們有始有終。

They essentially emulate what we can record with a physical camera.

它們基本上模擬了我們用實體相機所能記錄的內容。

Once we combine AI video with reasoning systems like language models, we're going to unlock an entirely new type of media that's going to be interactive and personalized.

一旦我們將人工智能視頻與語言模型等推理系統結合起來，我們將開啟一種全新的互動式個性化媒體。

It's going to be able to think and narrate and personalize content for us.

它將能夠為我們思考、敘述和個性化內容。

If you're learning music theory, you'll have an assistant that knows your skill level, knows your taste in music, and build a curriculum around that.

如果你在學習樂理，你會有一個助手，他知道你的技能水準，瞭解你對音樂的品味，並根據你的情況制定課程。

All of your kids, they will have their favorite celebrities teaching them math in school.

你所有的孩子，在學校裡都會有他們最喜歡的名人教他們數學。

And they'll do it in a context that's interesting for your kid.

他們會在孩子感興趣的環境中進行。

Maybe that's soccer or sci-fi or whatever.

也許那是足球或科幻之類的東西。

Education is going to be turbocharged with these new AI systems.

有了這些新的人工智能系統，教育將變得更有活力。

Entertainment is going to change.

娛樂業將發生變化。

It's going to be shaped by the viewers and by the world around it.

它將由觀眾和周圍的世界來塑造。

We'll probably have interactive films.

我們可能會放映互動電影。

We'll have TV series that never end.

我們會有永遠拍不完的電視劇。

It sounds weird, but in many ways, this is what a social media feed is, right?

這聽起來很奇怪，但從很多方面來看，這不就是社交媒體提要嗎？

It's just an endless story.

這只是一個沒完沒了的故事。